Neoxeniades angustior Grishin, 2023

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, Insecta Mundi 2023 (26), pp. 1-115 : 84-85

Neoxeniades angustior Grishin , new species

https://zoobank.org/ AD9B121F-E94F-4090-A0FF-339601F78275

( Fig. 8 part, 207–210, 446–450)

Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that some specimens identified as Neoxeniades ethoda (Hewitson, 1866) (type locality in Brazil: Rio de Janeiro) show prominent genetic differentiation from it ( Fig. 8): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 4% (26 bp), and therefore represent a new species. This new species keys to “ Xeniades ethoda ” (O.13.4) in Evans (1955) but differs from it by smaller forewing hyaline yellow spots: e.g., the spot in cell CuA 1 -CuA 2 does not overlap with the discal cell spot, the presence of subapical forewing hyaline spots (small in some males), a differently shaped hindwing white band: gets very thin, intermittent, or disappears towards vein Sc+R1-RS, and more olive in color in contrast to redder N. ethoda . This species is not cryptic and is diagnosed reliably by phenotype. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly318.10.1:A2253G, aly318.10.1:T2289C, aly133.4.1:C446T, aly133.4.1:G456A, aly159.20.1:C63G, and COI barcode: T46C, T56C, T133C, T340C, T364C, 500C.

Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-22035D03, GenBank OR837718, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATACTAGGAACCTCTTTAAGACTATTAATTCGTACAGAATTAGGAAATCCTGGATTTTTAATT GGAAATGATCAAATTTATAATACCATTGTAACAGCCCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTCGGAAATT GATTAGTTCCATTAATATTAGGTGCTCCTGATATAGCATTTCCTCGATTAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTACCACCTTCATTAATATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGAGCTGGAACAGGTTGAACTGTTTACCCACCTCTTTCTTCTAATATTGCCCATCAAGGATCTTCTGTAGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCCCTTCATTTAGCAGGAATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACCATTATTAATATACGAATTAAAAATTTATCAT

TTGATCAAATACCTCTATTTGTTTGATCTGTAGGAATTACAGCTTTACTTTTATTATTATCTCTCCCAGTATTAGCAGGAGCAATTACAATACTTCT TACTGATCGTAATCTTAATACTTCATTTTTTGATCCTTCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT

Type material. Holotype: ♂ currently deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA ( USNM), illustrated in Fig. 207–208, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [ BRAZIL, RJ, RJ | P. N. da Tijuca | Morro de Dona Marta | 22°56.7′S, 43°11.4′W | 7 May 1994, 362 m | Leg. Robbins/Caldas], [Territorial | Behavior | Time: 0715], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-22035D03 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Neoxeniades | angustior Grishin ] . Paratypes: 1♂ and 2♀♀: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, old (around 1900) [ FMNH]: 1♂ NVG-18039C02 and 1♀ NVG-18039C03 ; and 1♀ NVG-21119A09, #5243 Brazil, prior to 1876 [ MFNB] ( Fig. 209–210) .

Type locality. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca National Park, Morro de Dona Marta, elevation 362 m, GPS −22.945, −43.190.

Etymology. In Latin, angustior means narrower, limited, or constructed. The name is given to signify both its wing pattern and distribution and is treated as a noun in apposition.

Distribution. Currently only known from around Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.