Oxysarcodexia admixta ( Lopes, 1933 )

Souza, Carina Mara De, Pape, Thomas & Thyssen, Patricia Jacqueline, 2020, Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) - a centennial conspectus, Zootaxa 4841 (1), pp. 1-126 : 15-16

Oxysarcodexia admixta ( Lopes, 1933)

( Figs 6–8 )

Sarcophaga admixta Lopes, 1933: 156 ; Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis. Holotype male and three female paratypes in MNRJ.

Diagnosis. Length 7.0–10.0 mm. Postocular plate with silvery pollinosity. Ocellar bristles well developed. Thorax generally with golden pollinosity, sometimes more intense on humeral region, contrasting with silvery pollinosity of abdomen; T5 partly with golden pollinosity. Two well-differentiated posterior and 2 smaller anterior post-sutural dorsocentrals; apical scutellar bristles present. Legs blackish. T3 with 1 pair of lateral marginal bristles, T4 with 1 pair of median marginal and 2 pairs of lateral marginal bristles. ST5 with deep median cleft with margins almost parallel and pilosity on arms. Cercus in lateral view with straight ventral margin, expanded rounded apex and scattered bristles along entire ventral margin. Cerci with distal third narrower than middle part in posterior view; diverging. Pregonite and postgonite gradually narrowing from base to apex; unicolorous. Distiphallus with smooth ventroapical margin, conical apex and straight dorsal outline. Vesica symmetrical, with rounded median projection of main branch; distal lobes reduced, filamentous, sclerotized, tapering, with spines only along margins.

Remarks. The shapes of the cercus and phallus are similar to those of O. carvalhoi ( Fig. 61 ); differences are found in the apex of the distiphallus, where a ventroapical concavity is lacking in O. admixta ( Fig. 7 ), and in the vesica, which is more developed in O. carvalhoi than in O. admixta though still reduced in comparison with other species of the genus, with lateral lobes and spines only on the ventral surface in O. admixta . The terminalia of O. admixta also present similarities with those of O. avuncula , O. berlai , O. carvalhoi , O. diana and O. ventricosa with regard to the conical apex of the distiphallus and the spinous vesica with triangular apex of distal lobes ( Figs 7 , 43, 49 , 61 , 103 , 272 ; species included in the ventricosa group by Lopes (1975c) based on both male and female morphology). Oxysarcodexia admixta is also similar to O. rimata sp. n. ( Fig. 238 ), which differs by having juxta knurled apically, apex of distiphallus more angled and vesica longer, reaching ventroapical margin of distiphallus. The female of O. admixta has an undivided T7 ( Tibana & Mello 1985).

Distribution. NEOTROPICAL. Argentina (Misiones), Brazil (Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná , Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina , São Paulo).

Biology. Oxysarcodexia admixta has been collected from human feces, fish (sardine), mouse and pig carcasses, chicken viscera (especially rotten liver), cow lung, dead marine animals, rotten squid, rotten bananas mixed with brown sugar, rotten bananas with yeast, and rotten Syagrus comosa (Mart.) Mart. (Arecaceae) (a coastal palm species) ( Lopes 1973b; Dias et al. 1984c; Mendes & Linhares 1993; D’Almeida & Lima 1994; Oliveira et al. 2002; Rosa et al. 2011; Vairo et al. 2011; Barbosa et al. 2014; Dufek et al. 2016; Sousa et al. 2015, 2016; Souza & Von Zuben 2016; Faria et al. 2018; Paseto et al. 2019). It has been successfully reared from human feces and mouse carcasses ( Lopes 1973b; D’Almeida 1994) and from a mixture of agar gel and powdered milk with transfer of larvae to meat after 24 h ( Lopes 1973b). In the LIE laboratory it was reared on minced bovine meat, but larviposition was observed also on rotten fish, with adults emerging after 15–19 days (6 days from first instar to pupa plus 9–13 days until adult emergence). This species has also been found in association with gum exudates of Terminalia argentea Mart. & Zucc. (Combretaceae) , probably attracted by the high concentration of complex carbohydrates present in this resource ( Boff et al. 2008). It has been reported from the Brazilian Cerrado ( Rosa et al. 2011; Souza & Von Zuben 2016; Faria et al. 2018), where it is more abundant during the dry period ( Rosa et al. 2011; Faria et al. 2018; Paseto et al. 2019); from ombrophilous forest ( Vairo et al. 2011), palm groves ( Sousa et al. 2016), urban areas ( Dias et al. 1984c; Mendes & Linhares 1993; D’Almeida & Lima 1994; Oliveira et al. 2002; Dufek et al. 2016), rural and forest areas ( Dias et al. 1984c; Dufek et al. 2016; Paseto et al. 2019), and the Atlantic Forest (Souza, unpublished). In the Brazilian state of Maranhão, O. admixta was classified as accidental and rare ( Sousa et al. 2015). Dufek et al. (2016), in a study carried out in Argentinean wetlands, considered this species as having a preference for human settlements.

Type material examined. Holotype ♂: INS.OSW.CRUZ A. [unreadable number]-10.703 / Typus / EuH:119 / 1RAV.6-1-983 [ Brazil] Angra dos Reis / Sarcophaga admixta Lopes H.S. Lopes-DET4-933 / admixta [ MNRJ].

Other material examined. [♂] BRAZIL: São Paulo, Jundiaí, edge of Serra do Japi ; 28.X.2011; A. G. Savino [ LIE] // [5 ♂♂, same label] BRAZIL: São Paulo, Jundiaí, Serra do Japi ; 24.I.2012; M. D. Grella [ LIE] // [2 ♂♂, same label] Oxysarcodexia admixta / “Campininha”, Mogi Guaçu, SP , Brasil; 14/10/2013; Isca: Carne moída; Smania et al. [ LIE] // [♂] Oxysarcodexia admixta / Campinas, SP; III/2012; Brancoli DL [ LIE] // [♂] Est. Exp. Loreto 1936. V.27 Dr. A. Ogloblin / Oxysarcodexia admixta ( Lopes, 1933) S. Lopes. Det [ MNRJ] .

Figures

FIGURES 6–14. Oxysarcodexia spp., males. 6–8. Oxysarcodexia admixta (Lopes) (Brazil, São Paulo, Jundiaí, LIE). 6. Habitus, lateral view.7.Terminalia, lateral view.8. Terminalia,posteriorview.9–11.Oxysarcodexia adunca Lopes (Ecuador, Napo Province, NRM). 9. Habitus, lateral view. 10. Terminalia, lateral view. 11. Terminalia, posterior view. 12–14. Oxysarcodexia afficta (Wulp) (Ecuador, Otavalo, NHMD). 12. Habitus, lateral view. 13. Terminalia, lateral view. 14. Terminalia, posterior view.

FIGURES 60–69. Oxysarcodexia spp., males. 60–62. Oxysarcodexia carvalhoi Lopes (Brazil, São Paulo, Campinas, LIE). 60. Habitus, lateral view. 61. Terminalia, lateral view. 62. Terminalia, posterior view. 63–65. Oxysarcodexia catica Souza & Buenaventura, holotype (Colombia, Antioquia, Medellín, Pajarito, CE-TdeA). 63. Habitus, lateral view. 64. Terminalia, lateral view. 65. Terminalia, posterior view. 66–69. Oxysarcodexia chaetopygialis (Williston) (Saint Vincent, Majorca, MNRJ and NHMD). 66. Habitus, lateral view. 67. Terminalia, lateral view, without pregonite. 68. Terminalia, lateral view, with pregonite covering the vesica. 69. Terminalia, posterior view.

FIGURES 42–50. Oxysarcodexia spp., males. 42–44. Oxysarcodexia avuncula (Lopes) (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Extrema, LIE). 42. Habitus, lateral view. 43. Terminalia, lateral view. 44. Terminalia, posterior view. 45–47. Oxysarcodexia bakeri (Aldrich) (Colombia, Antioquia, CE-TdeA). 45. Habitus, lateral view. 46. Terminalia, lateral view. 47. Terminalia, posterior view. 48–50. Oxysarcodexia berlai Lopes (Peru, Avispas, Madre de Dios, NRM). 48. Habitus, lateral view. 49. Terminalia, lateral view. 50. Terminalia, posterior view.

FIGURES 99–107. Oxysarcodexia spp., males. 99–101. Oxysarcodexia cyaniforceps (Hall), holotype (Panama, Barro Colorado Island, AMNH). 99. Habitus, lateral view. 100. Terminalia, lateral view. 101. Terminalia, posterior view. 102–104. Oxysarcodexia diana (Lopes) (Colombia, Antioquia, Medellín, CE-TdeA). 102. Habitus, lateral view. 103. Terminalia, lateral view. 104. Terminalia, posterior view. 105–107. Oxysarcodexia eberti Lopes & Tibana (Brazil, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, MNRJ). 105. Habitus, lateral view. 106. Terminalia, lateral view. 107. Terminalia, posterior view. Figs 99–101 by D. Grimaldi (AMNH).

FIGURES 264–273. Oxysarcodexia spp., males. 264–266. Oxysarcodexia trivialis (Wulp) (Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Las Alturas, Cerro Chai, NHMD). 264. Habitus, lateral view. 265. Terminalia, lateral view. 266. Terminalia, posterior view. 267– 270. Oxysarcodexia varia (Walker) (267: Argentina, MACN; 268–269: Argentina, Chubut, NRM; 270: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Extrema, LIE). 267. Habitus, lateral view. 268. Terminalia, lateral view. 269. Distiphallus, anterior view. 270. Terminalia, posterior view. 271–273. Oxysarcodexia ventricosa (Wulp) (USA, Alabama, Madison County, NRM). 271. Habitus, lateral view. 272. Terminalia, lateral view. 273. Terminalia, posterior view. Fig. 267 by P.R. Mulieri (MACN).

FIGURES 237–243. Oxysarcodexia spp., males. 237–240. Oxysarcodexia rimata sp. n., holotype (Ecuador, Napo Province, MZPUCE). 237. Habitus, lateral view. 238. Terminalia, lateral view. 239. Terminalia, posterior view. 240. Terminalia, ventroapical view. 241–243. Oxysarcodexia riograndensis Lopes (Brazil, São Paulo, Campinas, LIE). 241. Habitus, lateral view. 242. Terminalia, lateral view. 243. Terminalia, posterior view.