Enyalioides Boulenger 1885

Torres-Carvajal, Omar, Etheridge, Richard & Queiroz, Kevin De, 2011, A systematic revision of Neotropical lizards in the clade Hoplocercinae (Squamata: Iguania), Zootaxa 2752, pp. 1-44 : 11

Enyalioides Boulenger 1885

Proposed standard English name: woodlizards

Proposed standard Spanish name: lagartijas de palo

Enyalus (part) — Guichenot (1855:20, 21); Bocourt (1874:1).

Enyalius (part) — Cope (1876:169); Boulenger (1881:246); O’Shaughnessy (1881:238, 240); Boulenger (1883:46); Boulenger

(1885: 120).

Enyalioides Boulenger (1885:112) ; Burt & Burt (1933:23); Etheridge (1969:256); Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970:114). Type

species (not originally designated): Enyalioides heterolepis Bocourt 1874 ( Burt & Burt 1933) .

Definition. The crown clade originating with the most recent common ancestor of Enyalioides cofanorum Duellman 1973 , E. heterolepis ( Bocourt 1874) , E. laticeps ( Guichenot 1855) , E. microlepis ( O’Shaughnessy 1881) , E. oshaughnessyi ( Boulenger 1881) , E. palpebralis ( Boulenger 1883) , E. praestabilis ( O’Shaughnessy 1881) , and E. touzeti Torres-Carvajal et al. 2008 (Torres-Carvajal & de Queiroz 2009).

Diagnosis. Enyalioides can be distinguished from Hoplocercus by having a laterally compressed or rounded (rather than depressed) tail that is longer than the body (i.e., tail length> SVL). Enyalioides also differs from Hoplocercus and Morunasaurus in having pointed, conical scales on dorsal surface of head and gular region; raised scales posterior to the superciliaries; keeled dorsal scales; a continuous vertebral crest formed by large, trihedral or conical scales (except E. palpebralis , in which most specimens have a nuchal gap in the vertebral crest); and one or more enlarged pretympanic scales (except E. heterolepis ). Enyalioides can be further distinguished from Morunasaurus by having a parietal eye.

Composition. Nine species: Enyalioides cofanorum Duellman 1973 , E. heterolepis ( Bocourt 1874) , E. laticeps ( Guichenot 1855) , E. microlepis ( O'Shaughnessy 1881) , E. oshaughnessyi ( Boulenger 1881) , E. palpebralis ( Boulenger 1883) , E. praestabilis ( O'Shaughnessy 1881) , E. rubrigularis Torres-Carvajal et al. 2009 , E. touzeti Torres- Carvajal et al. 2008.

Remarks. Most phylogenetic analyses of Hoplocercinae have not found Enyalioides to be a monophyletic group (Etheridge & de Queiroz 1988; Wiens & Etheridge 2003 [between-character scaling]; Torres-Carvajal & de Queiroz 2009), though Wiens & Etheridge (2003) found strong to moderate nodal support for monophyly of Enyalioides under their between-state (bootstrap value = 94) and mixed (bootstrap value = 72) scaling methods. Moreover, in their molecular phylogenetic study of Hoplocercinae , Torres-Carvajal & de Queiroz (2009) could not reject monophyly of Enyalioides based on several statistical tests. The same authors estimated 27.38 million years (HPD = 22.73–32.31) as the age of Enyalioides including Morunasaurus annularis .