Amplirhagada carinata Solem, 1981

Köhler, Frank, 2011, Descriptions of New Species of the Diverse and Endemic Land Snail Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 from Rainforest Patches across the Kimberley, Western Australia (Pulmonata: Camaenidae), Records of the Australian Museum 63 (2), pp. 167-202 : 195-196

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.3853/j.0067-1975.63.2011.1581
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1BCD4085-D2B9-400D-B504-8C85C30303D6
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384503A-FFA7-3C40-FC18-FF49FEF269F1
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Amplirhagada carinata Solem, 1981
status

Treatment

Amplirhagada carinata Solem, 1981 View in CoL

Amplirhagada carinata Solem, 1981: 205–208 View in CoL , pl. 13e, figs. 37g, 43a–b, 45a–b

Type locality. Western Australia, SW Kimberley, 5 km N of Mt Hart Station , immediately W of Mt Matthew, Upper Barker Drainage, King Leopold Ranges.

Material examined ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ). WAM S34759 View Materials (8 preserved specimens) , FMNH 220843 About FMNH (7 preserved specimens) , WAM S34760 View Materials (13 dried shells) , FMNH 220842 About FMNH (13 dried shells), all from 3.6 km SSE of Mt. Talbot, 3.2 km from coast, near Walcott Inlet ; 16°29'25"S 124°48'05"E GoogleMaps , RFS-21-3; coll. V. Kessner, 21 Jun 1987 (“NSP36”) . WAM S34761 View Materials (8 preserved specimens) , FMNH 221066 About FMNH (8 preserved specimens) , AM C.472938 (6 dried shells), WAM S34762 View Materials (13 dried shells) , FMNH 221065 About FMNH (19 dried shells), all from 34 km S of Mt. Kitchener, 9 km from coast, S of Calder River ; 16°19'40"S 125°01'10"E GoogleMaps ; RFS-27-1, coll. V. Kessner, 27 Jun 1987 (“NSP36”) . WAM S34763 View Materials (5 preserved specimens) , FMNH 221096 About FMNH (5 preserved specimens) , AM C.472939 (5 dried shells), WAM S34764 View Materials (15 dried shells) , FMNH 221095 About FMNH (20 dried shells), all from NW hump of The Dromedaries , E of Isdell River; 16°34'20"S 124°56'40"E GoogleMaps ; RFS-28-1, coll. V. Kessner, 28 Jun 1987 (“NSP38”) . WAM S34765 View Materials (4 preserved specimens) , FMNH 220782 About FMNH (4 preserved specimens) , WAM S34766 View Materials (9 dried shells) , FMNH 220781 About FMNH (10 dried shells), all from Walcott Inlet , 6 km E of Mt. Talbot, 2 km from coast; 16°27'30"S 125°50'30"E GoogleMaps ; RFS 19-2 , coll . V. Kessner, 19 Jun 1987 (“NSP42”) . FMNH 220755 About FMNH (2 preserved specimens) , WAM S34767 View Materials (11 dried shells) , FMNH 220755 About FMNH (11 dried shells), all from Walcott inlet, 14.5 km E of Mt. Talbot; 16°25'20"S 124°54'00"E GoogleMaps ; RFS 18-4 , leg . V. Kessner, 18 Jun 1987 (“NSP42”) . AM C.472940 (6 preserved specimens), WAM S34768 View Materials (10 preserved specimens) , FMNH 220987 About FMNH (15 preserved specimens) , WAM S34769 View Materials (17 dried shells) , FMNH 220986 About FMNH (16 dried shells), all from 25.3 km WSW of Mt. Blithe, on Charney River ; 16°22'35"S 125°12'35"E GoogleMaps ; RFS 25-2 , coll . V. Kessner, 25 Jun 1987 (“NSP42”) .

Diagnosis

Shell (Pl. 1.16; Fig. 46 A–C View Figure 46 ) broadly conical to discoid with low spire, slightly to sharply angulated periphery, well rounded upper and basal sectors of whorls. Umbilicus 10–80% concealed by columellar reflection. Background colour pale yellowish brown; peripheral band usually diffuse, thin, brown, visible on most whorls; sub-sutural band diffuse, brown, thin; outer and inner lip colour like shell. Protoconch c. 1.5 mm in diameter, with about 1.5 whorls, with very indistinct radially elongated pustulations. Teleoconch with faint, regular axial growth lines; evenly distributed across shell surface.Angle of aperture 45–60 degrees; outer lip thin to moderately thick, well rounded, slightly to well expanded, not reflected; basal node absent or weak. Parietal wall of inner lip inconspicuous. Average shell size 10.7±16.9 × 1.4± 1.1 mm ( Table 1).

Radular tooth formula C + 12–14 + 4 + 16–20, with on average 130 of rows of teeth (n = 4), jaw with 10 plates ( Fig. 46 D–E View Figure 46 ).

Penis heavily coiled within penial sheath, thick, longer than anterior part of oviduct, with thick penial sheath. Penial verge moderate in size, comprising c. 1/10 of length of penial chamber, conical, with rounded tip. Inner penial wall penial wall with dense, fine pustulation, main stimulatory pilaster weakly to well developed, extending about half of length of penial chamber, consisting of enlarged and partly fused pustules forming hooked corrugations or an elongated, conical pilaster; a gutter forming along inner penial wall. Vas deferens moderately thick, winding, entering penial sheath close to penial apex. Vagina moderately long, distally inflated, inner wall with rows of densely arranged triangular pustules. Bursa copulatrix clearly extending base of spermoviduct ( Figs 47–48).Aestivation strategy unknown.

Remarks. Description based on dissections of four specimens. Material of three distinct manuscript species differentiated by Solem (1991), Amplirhagada NSP 36, NSP38, and NSP 42, are subsumed under A. carinata Solem, 1981 . Solem (1991) indicated serious problems with the correct delimitation of A. carinata and was puzzled by its unusually large distributional range. However, there are other congeners, such as A. burnerensis ( Smith, 1894) , A. pusilla Solem, 1981 and A. osmondi Solem, 1988 , that occupy similarly large ranges in the interior of the SW and E Kimberley.

The various populations currently included within A. carinata indeed reveal considerable levels of anatomical differentiation. While inner penial wall always supports dense and conspicuous pustulation, a main stimulatory pilaster may or may not be developed. However, anatomical variation in shell and penial anatomy is large also within populations and I am not able to unequivocally delimit taxa by using these features. As outlined by Cameron (1992) for similar patterns of shell differentiation found in a number of camaenid species in the Oscar and Napier Ranges of the interior SW Kimberley, this might indicate the presence of unresolved species complexes that are currently undergoing the process of lineage differentiation (i.e., speciation). A careful analysis of the spatial patterns of anatomical and genetic differentiation is needed to resolve these problems and suggest a proper taxonomic solution for these species complexes.