Aristolochia faucimaculata Hao Zhang & C.K.Hsieh (1984: 13)

Zhu, Xin-Xin, Liao, Shuai, Zhang, Lin, Wang, Zhang-Hua, Du, Cheng & Ma, Jin-Shuang, 2016, The taxonomic revision of Asian Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) I: Confirmation and illustration of A. austroszechuanica, A. faucimaculata and A. yunnanensis var. meionantha from China, Phytotaxa 261 (2), pp. 137-146 : 140-145

Aristolochia faucimaculata Hao Zhang & C.K.Hsieh (1984: 13) , Figs. 2 & 3 A–B .

Type:— CHINA. Sichuan: Huidong County, Xinjie, 2570 m, 20 April 1981, H.Zhang 81010 (fl., holotype WCU [not found], isotype PEM [not found]).

Liana, perennial. Stems terete, densely villous when young, old branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1–8 cm long, villous; leaf blade ovate or ovate-cordate to oval, 3–20 × 3–15 cm, adaxially slightly villous, abaxially densely villous when young, become sparsely when mature; deeply cordate at base; apex acute to acuminate. Flowers solitary. Pedicel pendulous, 2–4 cm long, villous; bracteoles 1, ovate, conduplicate or flat, ca. 3–5 × 2–4 mm, densely villous on both surfaces, rarely adaxially smooth, inserted at base of the pedicel. Calyx reddish with purple veins; tube geniculately curved, abaxially villous; basal portion of tube 10–18 mm long, upper portion of tube 15–23 mm long; limb discoid, ca. 3.5 cm in diam.; shallowly 3-lobed, lobes claybank to dark purple with dense papillae; throat faint yellow or white with dense big brownish red patches, smaller, ca. 6 mm in diam. Anthers 6, oblong, adnate in 3 pairs to the base of gynostemium, opposite to the lobe. Gynostemium ca. 4 mm long, 3-lobed, apex of lobes obtuse, margin crispate. Ovary terete, ca. 10 mm long, densely grayish yellow villous. Capsule commonly cylindric, 6–8 × 2–2.5 cm, dehiscing basipetally. Seeds triangularly ovate, ca. 4–6 × 3–5 mm.

Distribution and habitat: — China: Sichuan, Yunnan. It is locally very common, growing on roadsides or mountain slopes, in thickets or woodland, at elevations between 2400 and 3100 m.

Phenology: ―Flowering from April to May; fruiting from July to August.

Notes: ―Hao Zhang and C.K.Hsieh (1984) noted that A. faucimaculata is similar to A. moupinensis Franchet (1887: 79) , but differs in size and indumentum of the leaves, limb with dense papillae and smaller throat ca. 6 mm in diam. However, Hwang (1988) did not documented it in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Ma (1989) reported the greatly variable indumentum and leaf texture of A. moupinensis at different periods and treated it as a synonym of A. moupinensis in his revision of Aristolochia from eastern and southern Asia, and this treatment was followed by Tao (1997) in Flora Yunnanica. While Yang (1992) accepted it as a distinct species in Flora Sichuanica, and this was not adopted by Hwang et al. (2003), who regarded A. faucimaculata as a doubtful species as they were unable to obtain further information beyond the protologue.

Accordingly, we examined paratypes and color photos of Aristolochia faucimaculata which were taken by D.Song from Luquan County (the paratype locality), and materials (including color photos) we collected in Yulong County. It is confirmed that A. faucimaculata differs from A. moupinensis in having a larger limb (ca. 3.5 cm in diam. vs. ca. 2–2.5 cm in diam.), densely papillate lobes and smaller throat (ca. 6 mm in diam. vs. 8–11 mm in diam.). A detailed morphological comparison of these two species is given in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 3 .

Specimens of A. faucimaculata examined: — CHINA. Sichuan: Huidong County, 27 June 1959, Sichuan Econ. Pl. Exped. 1586 ( CDBI) . Yunnan: Luquan County, 10 May 1952, P. I. Mao 00656 (paratypes: IBSC barcode 0127845!, KUN barcode 0433126!, PEM barcode 0002165!), 15 May 1952, P. I. Mao 00757 ( KUN, PEM), 5 June 1952, P. I. Mao 01127 ( PEM) ; Yulong County, 18 July 1937, T. T. Yu 15330 ( PEM), 16 October 1939, R. C. Ching 22012 ( PEM), 25 April 1940, K. M. Feng 3466 ( KUN, PEM), 18 August 1942, K. M. Feng 9065 ( PEM), 4 June 1957, Z. J. Gao 1084 ( PEM), 10 May 1962, A. L. Zhang 100042 ( KUN), 10 May 1962, A. L. Zhang & S. W. Yu 100042 ( KUN), 10 May 1962, Lijiang Botanical Garden 100042 ( KUN, PEM), 22 May 1962, Lijiang Botanical Garden 100254 ( KUN), 22 May 1962, A. L. Zhang 100254 ( KUN), 22 May 1962, A. L. Zhang & S. W. Yu 100254 ( KUN), 5 June 1962, Lijiang Botanical Garden 100808 ( KUN), 5 June 1962, A. L. Zhang 100808 ( KUN), 5 June 1962, A. L. Zhang & S. W. Yu 100808 ( KUN), 1 June 1973, W. Z. Lv 73-283 ( KUN), 11 June 1973, W. Z. Lv 73-306 ( KUN), 26 April 2015, X.X.Zhu & Z. X.Hua ZH042 ( CSH), 17 August 2015, D. T. Liu. ZH 123 ( CSH) .

Aristolochia meionantha (Hand.-Mazz.) X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma, comb. & stat. nov. Basionym: Aristolochia yunnanensis var. meionantha Handel-Mazzetti (1924: 163) , Figs. 3 G–H & 4 & 5 .

Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Dji-schan ad bor.-or. urbis Dali ( Talifu ) ( Mount Ji Shan i.e. Mount Jizu to northeast of Dali City [ Handel-Mazzetti 1927: map; 1996: 57–61, 180]), 3100 m, 21 May 1915, Handel-Mazzetti 6403 (type WU barcode 0037863!)

Shrubs, climbing, to 5 m long or more. Stems terete, striate, densely villous; old branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1–7 cm long, densely grayish yellow villous; leaf blade ovate or ovate-cordate to oval, 4–14 × 3–11 cm, base deeply cordate or auriculate, sinus 0.5–3 cm deep, apex acute to acuminate, papery, densely villous on both surfaces when young, abaxially densely villous, mature leaves adaxially sparsely villous, veins palmate, 2 or 3 pairs from base. Flowers solitary. Pedicel pendulous, 1–3 cm long, densely grayish yellow villous; bracteole 1, broadly ovate to widely triangular, conduplicate or flat, ca. 2–5 × 3–5 mm, abaxially densely grayish yellow villous, adaxially smooth, inserted from lower part to upper part of pedicel, amplexicaul. Calyx reddish, with purple veins, sometimes wholly amaranthine; tube geniculately curved, abaxially grayish yellow villous; basal portion of tube 18–23 mm long, upper portion of tube 28–30 mm long; limb discoid, ca. 3 cm in diam., shallowly 3-lobed, lobes amaranthine, with light or inconspicuous faint yellow patches; throat faint yellow with large dense brownish red patches, 8–9 mm in diam. Anthers 6, oblong, ca. 1.8–2 mm long, adnate in 3 pairs to base of gynostemium, opposite the lobes. Gynostemium ca. 3.5–6 mm long, 3-lobed, margin crispate, apex of lobes acute or obtuse, rarely bilobate. Ovary terete, ca. 10 mm long, densely grayish yellow villous. Capsule commonly cylindrical, 5–7 × 2–2.5 cm, dehiscing basipetally. Seeds broadly ovoid, ca. 3–4 × 4–5 mm.

Distribution and habitat: — China, Yunnan, Dali City, Heqing County and Yangbi County. It is locally common on roadsides and on open sunny slopes at elvation range of 2500–3100 m.

Phenology: —Flowering from March to May; fruiting from May to July.

Note: ― Handel-Mazzetti (1931), Wu (1984) and Hwang(1988) accepted this account as a variety of A. yunnanensis , but Ma (1989) treated it as a synonym of A. kunmingensis C.Y.Cheng & J.S.Ma in Ma & Cheng (1989: 296) in his revision of Aristolochia from eastern and southern Asia. But this plant was overlooked by Tao (1997), while Hwang et al. (2003) placed it conspecific with A. griffithii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Duchartre (1864: 437) .

We examined type specimens and other material (including color photos) of Aristolochia yunnanensis var. meionantha collected in Yunnan and conclude that it represents a distinct species, although similar to A. moupinensis and A. weixiensis X.X.Zhu & J.S.Ma in Zhu et al. (2015: 54) in the shape and size of the leaves. It differs from the latter two in its purple limb with light or inconspicuous faint yellow patches, ca. 3 cm in diam., smaller faint yellow throat with dense, brownish red patches ca. 8–9 mm in diam. Though A. meionantha was treated as A. kunmingensis or A. griffithii in former work (Ma 1989, Hwang et al. 2003), there are big difference among them. A detailed morphological comparison of these five species is shown in Table 3, and comparison of A. meionantha , A. moupinensis , A. weixiensis and A. kunmingensis is also shown in Figure 3 .

Specimens of A. meionantha examined: — CHINA. Yunnan: Dali City , 22 May 1929, R. C.Ching 22720 ( KUN, PEM), 22 May 1929, R. C.Ching 23006 ( KUN, PEM), October 1929, G.Forrest 28037 ( PE), May 1935, H. C.Wang 63153 ( PEM), 1945, H. C.Wang 4702 ( KUN), 13 May 1973, Z. W.Lv 73-204 ( KUN), 15 May 1981, S. B. E. C. 0615 ( KUN), 17 May 1981, S. B. E. C. 0652 ( KUN), 10 May 1984, Sino-German. Exped. 0197 ( KUN), 14 May 1984, Sino-German. Exped. 0095 ( KUN), 20 April 2009, Z. J.Yin & H. J.Dong 0586 ( PE), 24 April 2015, X.X.Zhu & Z. X.Hua ZH039 ( CSH, XYTC), 31 May 2015, X.X.Zhu & Z. X.Hua ZH086 ( CSH) ; Heqing County, 21 April 1939, K. M. Feng 760 ( KUN, PEM), 21 July 1963, NW Yunnan Jinshajiang Exped. 4685 ( KUN), 29 May 1982, B. X.He 82079 ( LBG) ; Yangbi County, 12 April 1942, H. C. Wang 1885 ( PE, IBSC), 5 May 1981, S. B. E. C. 0195 ( KUN), 28 May 1984, Sino-German. Exped. 980 ( KUN), 30 June 1984, Sino-Amer. Bot. Exped. 606 ( KUN) .

Specimens of A. moupinensis examined: — CHINA. Chongqing: Nanchuan District , 27 May 1957, J. H.Xiong & Z. L.Zhou 91052 ( IBSC), 11 July 1957, S. Y.Chen et al. 95126 ( NAS), 12 July 1957, J. H.Xiong & Z. L.Zhou 91972 ( IBSC), 25 July 1957, J. H.Xiong & Z. L.Zhou 92285 ( IBSC), 28 May 1981, H.Zhang 81027 ( PEM), 10 May 1986, J. S.Ma 1080 ( PEM), 10 May 1986, J. S.Ma 1081 ( PEM), 10 May 1986, J. S.Ma 1082 ( PEM), 10 May 1986, J. S.Ma 1085 ( PEM), 3 May 2015, X.X.Zhu & Z. X.Hua ZH059 ( CSH), 22 May 2015, X.X.Zhu & Z. X.Hua ZH075 ( CSH) . Sichuan: Baoxing County, 4 August 1936, K. L. Chu 3410 ( IBSC, PEM), 1954, T. P. Soong 38982 ( IBSC, NAS), 20 May 1958, Sichuan Agricultural College 4867 ( IBSC) ; Dayi County, 26 May 2015, X.X. Zhu & Z.X. Hua ZH082 ( CSH), 26 May 2015, X.X.Zhu & Z. X.Hua ZH083 ( CSH) ; Emeishan City , 5 August 1951, W. P.Fang 20483 ( PEM), 11 May 1952, J. H.Xiong et al. 30475 ( IBK, IBSC, NAS), 24 May 1952, J. H.Xiong et al. 30750 ( IBSC), 26 June 1960, Sichuan Med. Pl. Exped. 12729 ( NAS), 29 April 2015, X.X.Zhu & Z. X.Hua ZH046 ( CSH) ; Jinyang County, 29 April 2013, C. Du & Y. Wang DC-325 ( CSH) ; Luding County, 14 July 2006, X. M. Gao G06117 ( WCSBG) ; Pengzhou City , 17 May 2007, Z. B. Feng et al. 20070508 ( PE, WCSBG) ; Yingjing County, 20 May 1940, K. L. Chu 6901 ( NAS) . Yunnan: Gongshan County, 25 May 2011, J. Cai et al. 11 CS2767 ( KUN) ; Qiaojia County, 27 May 2014, Q. Wang Q095 ( CSH) .

Specimens of A. weixiensis examined: — CHINA. Yunnan: Weixi County, Kangpu , 12 May 1940, K. M. Feng 3832 ( KUN, PEM) ; Tacheng, 29 May 2015, X.X. Zhu & Z.X. Hua ZH084 ( CSH), 11 August 2015, X.X.Zhu & S. Liao ZH 116 ( CSH) ; Weideng, 19 May 1982, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 6571 ( KUN, PE) ; Yezhi , August 1935, C. W.Wang 68113 ( PE, PEM), 14 May 1940, K. M.Feng 3863 ( KUN), 17 May 1940, K. M.Feng 3944 ( KUN), 27 May 1940, K. M.Feng 4204 ( KUN, PEM), 4 June 1964, S.Chow 1057 ( KUN), 7 May 1982, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 6298 ( KUN, PE) ; Dêqên County, 17 July 1940, K. M. Feng 5522 ( KUN), 5 August 1940, K. M. Feng 5959 ( PEM), 8 June 1960, South-to-North Water Diversion Exped. 9382 ( PEM) .

griffithii .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Aristolochia faucimaculata. A. Habitat, B. Leaves, C–E. Flower, F. Anthers and Gynostemium, G–H. Fruit, I. Seeds. (photographed by X.X.Zhu)

FIGURE 3. A–B: Aristolochia faucimaculata. A. Flower (front view), B. Flower opened, showing inside structure. C–D: A. moupinensis (calyx limb yellow). C. Flower (front view), D. Flower opened, showing inside structure. E–F: A. moupinensis (calyx limb dark red). E. Flower (front view), F. Flower opened, showing inside structure. G–H: A. meionantha. G. Flower (front view), H. Flower opened, showing inside structure. I–J: A. weixiensis. I. Flower (front view), J. Flower opened, showing inside structure. K–L: A. kunmingensis. K. Flower, L. Flower opened. (A–J: photographed by X.X.Zhu; K–L: photographed by Z.Zhuo)

FIGURE 4. Aristolochia meionantha. A. Flowering branch, B. Flower (front view), C. Opened flower (showing inside structure), D. Anthers and gynostemium, E. Fruit.—Drawn by Y.Zhang, A–D from X.X.Zhu & Z.X.Hua ZH039, E from X.X.Zhu & Z.X.Hua ZH086.

FIGURE 5. Aristolochia meionantha. A. Growth habit, B. Leaves, C. Inflorescence, D. Opened flower (showing inside structure), E. Anthers and gynostemium, F. Fruits and seeds. (photographed by X.X.Zhu)