Phallospinophylus, WEIRAUCH, 2006

WEIRAUCH, CHRISTIAN E., 2006, New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America, American Museum Novitates 3521 (1), pp. 1-56 : 11-14

Phallospinophylus , new genus

Figures 1 , 3 , 6–12

TYPE SPECIES: Phallospinophylus setosus , new species.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the moderate size (male total length: 3.17–3.78), rather uniform pale orange to red coloration with anterior portion of the cuneus transparent; left side of the pygophore with a group of stout and erect setae anterior to genital opening (figs. 9C, D), phallotheca with two subapical hook-shaped processes (figs. 3, 9E), left paramere large and deeply excavate, apex of posterior process ventrally bent and truncate (figs. 3, 9C), vesica slender, J-shaped, with two short apical blades, secondary gonopore apical, small, and oval, and with weakly sclerotized serrated lobe caudal of secondary gonopore (figs. 3, 10). Most similar in general habitus and coloration to Crassomiris , Rubeospineus , Rubellomiris , Pygovepres , and Quercophylus but larger than Crassomiris , Rubellomiris , and Quercophylus , and distinguished by the structure of the male and female genitalia. Also distinct from Rubellomiris by the larger eyes in frontal view (fig. 3).

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, size moderate (3.17–3.78), elongate and subparallel body form. COLORATION (fig. 1): General coloration pale orange to orange, anterior portion of cuneus hyaline. Head: Whitish and pale orange, vertex and frons whitish, suffused with pale orange at the posterior margin and transverse paired fasciae and spot on inner rim of eye orange, clypeus whitish with base and two longitudinal stripes orange, mandibular plate whitish, whitish with central orange spot or largely suffused with orange, maxillary plate and gena orange, buccula and gula whitish, neck whitish suffused with brown; antennal segments 1 and 2 yellowish, segment 1 sometimes with pale brown basal and apical ring, segment 2 slightly darkened toward apex, segments 3 and 4 pale brown; labium yellowish, with segment 4 suffused with brown. Thorax: Dorsum orange or whitish, paired median areas of posterior pronotal lobe often pale orange to orange, with margins and median stripe very pale orange or sometimes whitish, less often entire duplicature pale; mesoscutum pale orange, sometimes almost whitish; scutellum sometimes entirely pale, more often with anterior median area and longitudinal medial stripe pale orange to orange, remaining parts whitish; propleura whitish with the lateral area suffused with brown, mesepisternum uniformly brown, mesepimeron whitish, metapleuron whitish to weakly suffused with pale brown, evaporatorium weakly pale brown with the anterior lip whitish. Legs: Pale with base of coxa suffused with pale brown, femur with small, scattered dark spots, at least proximal tibial spines with dark bases, tibia suffused with pale brown toward apex, tarsus pale with apical tarsomere suffused with brown. Hemelytra: Corium including clavus and cuneus pale orange to orange, small white spot at posterior margin distal to apex of clavus, with anterior crescent-shaped portion of cuneus transparent and whitish; membrane translucent, sometimes with infuscate areas. Abdomen: Venter rather uniformly brown, sometimes with pale to yellow areas on the anterior margin of each ventral laterotergite, or with entire ventral laterotergites pale; pygophore ranging from pale yellow to pale brown, anteriorly and ventrally suffused with brown, vesica dark brown. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum and hemelytra weakly shiny to shiny, covered rather densely with two types of relatively long and slender, subadpressed setae, two types (black vs. white asterisks) differing slightly in their diameter (fig. 8). STRUCTURE: Head (fig. 3): Head only slightly broader than long, vertex wide, slightly convex, posterior margin straight, vertex and frons sloping, clypeus moderately produced, mandibular and maxillary plates short, latter sunken, buccula short, buccal cavity oval, gula short; eye almost as high as head, rather large, only weakly emarginated posterior of fossa, posterolateral margin contiguous with anterolateral margin of pronotum; antennal insertion contiguous with anterior margin of eye, antennal segment 1 short and slender, moderately widened toward apex, segment 2 longest, about as long as greatest pronotal width, diameter similar to segment 1, very slightly increasing toward apex, densely setose, segments 3 and 4 with diameter smaller than segments 1 and 2, together shorter than segment 2; labium surpassing base of metacoxa. Thorax: Pronotum trapeziform, anterior margin slightly sinuate, lateral margins weakly convex, posterior margin slightly concave, anterior and posterior pronotal lobes weakly demarcated, calli not developed, sometimes demarcated by distinct coloration; metapleural evaporatorium with mushroomlike cuticle area broad (fig. 6B), mushroomlike cuticle around mesothoracic spiracle well developed. Legs: Slender; claws slender, claw hairs present, pulvilli large, covering more than half of the ventral claw surface (fig. 7B), parempodia setiform. Hemelytra: Subparallel, cuneus elongate triangular. Abdomen: Tip of abdomen reaching to apex of cuneus. GENITALIA (figs. 3, 9C–E, 10): Pygophore: Pygophore on left side anterior to the genital opening with a patch of setae (figs. 9C, D). Parameres: Right paramere typically phyline lanceolate (fig. 3), left paramere large, with body dorsally extended, apex of posterior process bent ventrally, and truncate and anterior process long and slender, pointing dorsad (figs. 3, 9C). Phallotheca: Relatively large and stout, with a subapical dorsal hookshaped process and a more proximal lateral hook-shaped process, both pointing right (figs. 3, 9C), ventrally with slitlike opening. Vesica: J-shaped (figs. 3, 10; vesica in fig. 10 slightly distorted), apex formed by two short, acute, well-sclerotized spines of almost equal length, and a weakly sclerotized lobe with serrated edges posterior to the secondary gonopore, secondary gonopore subapical, small and oval, facing left, gonopore sclerite inconspicuous.

FEMALE: Elongate ovoid and stout compared with male; coloration similar to male, but somewhat paler; surface and vestiture as in male, but diameter of antennal segment 2 not increasing toward apex and less densely setose. GENITALIA: See description of the type species P. setosus .

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the diagnostic spinelike processes on the phallotheca, combining the first syllable of phallotheca with Latin adjective spinus, meaning ‘‘thorn,’’ and with the generic name Phylus to emphasize its systematic position within Miridae . The gen- der of the name is masculine.

DISCUSSION: A subapical dorsal spine on the phallotheca similar to the one seen in Phallospinophylus is also one of the diagnostic characters and apparent apomophies of the genus Pseudatomoscelis Poppius ( Henry 1991) . Phallospinophylus differs from Pseudatomoscelis spp. by the orange coloration and different pattern on the antenna, the presence of only simple setation, features of the left paramere (e.g., the truncate anterior process), and the structure of the vesica.

Phallospinophylus setosus , new species

Figures 1 , 3 , 6–12

HOLOTYPE: Male: USA: California: Los Angeles Co.: 33 mi E of La Canada on Rt 2, 34.20611 ° N 117.63981 ° W, 218 m, 26 Jun 1980, R. T. Schuh, Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , det. J. Grimes 1980, 13 ( AMNH _PBI 00095257) ( AMNH).

DIAGNOSIS: Refer to generic diagnosis.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Macropterous, size moderate, elongate, almost parallel sided; total length 3.17–3.78, length from apex of clypeus to cuneal fracture 2.15–2.54, width across pronotum 0.98–1.20. COLORATION (fig. 1): General coloration pale orange to orange, anterior portion of cuneus and membrane hyaline, sometimes anterior margin of anterior and posterior pronotal lobes as well as apical portion of scutellum whitish. Head: Head including eyes, antennae, and labium as in generic description. Thorax: As in generic description. Legs: As in generic description. Hemelytra: As in generic description. Abdomen: As in generic description. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum and hemelytra weakly shining and covered rather densely with simple, long and slender, subadpressed setae, some of them more slender than others (fig. 8). STRUCTURE: Head (fig. 3): Head, eyes, antennae, and labium as in generic description; labium surpassing base of metacoxa. Thorax: As in generic description (fig, 6B). Legs: As in generic description (fig. 7B). Abdomen: As in generic description. GENITALIA (figs. 3, 9C–E, 10): Pygophore: As in generic description; Parameres: As in generic description; Phallotheca: As in generic description; Vesica: As in generic description.

FEMALE: As in generic description. Total length 3.30–3.69, length from apex of clypeus to cuneal fracture 2.26–2.57, width across pronotum 1.10–1.29. GENITALIA: Vestibulum broad and semicircular, opening into bursa copulatrix visible in dorsal view, bursa of medium size, posterior margin with distinct indentation, sclerotized rings of medium size, slender, posterior wall with distinct sclerotization (fig. 11).

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the patch of stout and erect setae on the pygophore, from Latin adjective setosus (mas.), meaning ‘‘hairy’’.

HOSTS: Recorded from several species of Ceanothus ( C. cordulatus Kell. , C. greggii Gray , C. integerrimus H. and A., C. leucodermis Greene ) and Rhamnus californica Esch. (Rhamnaceae) and Quercus (Fagaceae) , with very occasional records from other plants (e.g., Prunus , Ribes ). Within Quercus , the species Q. kellogii Newb. and Q. wislizenii A. DC. are most often recorded as hosts, but specimens of P. setosus are also known from Q. agrifolia Née , Q. chrysolepis Liebm. , Q. dumosa Nutt. , and Q. palmeri Engelm.

DISTRIBUTION: Occurs in California in the United States and Baja California Norte in Mexico. In California, P. setosus is known as far north as Siskiyou Co., and occurs roughly along the margins of the Sierra Nevada , in the Coast Range, and the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto mountains in the south (fig. 12).

DISCUSSION: Across its range of distribution, P. setosus occurs sympatrically (i. e., at the same collecting event) with a rather large number of other species of orange oak bugs, and it was in some instances also collected on the same host plant. At one locality in Tulare Co. (NE of Springville on Bear Creek Road), P. setosus and Crassomiris anaticula were recorded from Quercus wislizenii . Phallospinophylus setosus is sympatric with Pygovepres vaccinicola , new combination, in a number of localities ranging from the Cascade Range in Shasta Co. in the north of California, along the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada , to the mountain ranges in San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego counties in the south. At some localities, the two species were collected during the same collecting event on the same host plant, e.g., on Ceanothus leucodermis in the San Bernardino National Forest (Riverside Co.) and on Quercus wislizeni near Caliente (Kern Co.). During one collecting event, P. setosus was found together with Quercophylus gonoporospinus , n.sp., on Quercus agrifolia (close to Morena Lake, San Diego Co.). Phallospinophylus setosus is also sympatric with Rubellomiris bispinosus , n.sp., in localities in Riverside, San Bernardino, and Kern counties. At the locality near Caliente (Kern Co.) both species were collected on Quercus wislizeni . Phallospinophylus . setosus is also sympatric with Rubeospineus bicorniger , n.sp., in some localities in San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego counties. The only locality for which specimens were collected during the same collecting event and for which host records for both species are available is in the San Bernardino National Forest, where one specimen of P. setosus was recorded from Quercus wislizeni , and a series of specimens of R. bicorniger was taken on Q. agrifolia .

PARATYPES: USA: California: Kern Co.: E of Caliente on Walker Basin Road, 35.38774 ° N 118.425 ° W, 1220 m, 22 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 63 (AMNH_PBI 00094785- AMNH_PBI 00094790) (AMNH). Los Angeles Co.: 33 mi E of La Canada on Rt 2, 34.20611 ° N 117.63981 ° W, 218 m, 26 Jun 1980, R. T. Schuh, Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , det. J. Grimes 1980, 223 (AMNH_PBI 00059086-AMNH_ PBI 00059091, AMNH_PBI 00059093-AMNH_ PBI 00059097, AMNH_PBI 00059099-AMNH_ PBI 00059107, AMNH_PBI 00059109-AMNH_PBI 00059110), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00059111-AMNH_PBI 00059116) Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , det. J. Grimes1980, 2♀ (AMNH_PBI00095260,AMNH_PBI 00095261) (AMNH). Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , det. J. Grimes 1980, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00059098), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00059118) (CNC). Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , det. J. Grimes 1980, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00059108), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00059117) (USNM). Riverside Co.: 2 mi N of Idyllwild on Rt243,San Bernardino National Forest, 33.75317 ° N 116.7229 ° W, 1717 m, 20 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Quercus kellogii Newb. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00094769), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00094778) (AM). Quercus kellogii Newb. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 133 (AMNH_PBI 00094755- AMNH_PBI 00094758, AMNH_PBI 00094760- AMNH_PBI 00094768), 8♀ (AMNH_PBI 00094775- AMNH_PBI 00094777, AMNH_PBI 00094779- AMNH_PBI 00094782, AMNH_PBI 00094784) (AMNH). Quercus kellogii Newb. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00094759), 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00094783) (ZISP).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO: Baja California Norte: 20.4 mi E of San Telmo, 30.9662 ° N 115.75465 ° W, 23 May 1980, Brown and Faulkner, 13 (SDNH). USA: California: Butte Co.: 5 miles W Paradise, 39.75968 ° N 121.7151 ° W, 13 May 1961, G. W. Frankie, 13 (UCB). Chico, 39.72861 ° N 121.83639 ° W, 18 Apr 1928, H. H. Keifer, 13 Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae) , 13 (CAS). Oroville, 39.51389 ° N 121.55528 ° W, 29 Apr 1927, H. H. Keifer, 13 (CAS); 14 Apr 1926, H. H. Keifer, 13 (CAS). Calaveras Co.: 4.8 km S of West Point, 38.35607 ° N 120.52639 ° W, 22 May 1981 - 24 May 1981, S. C. Williams, 23 (CAS). Mokelumne Hill, 38.30056 ° N 120.70528 ° W, 18 May 1931, R. L. Usinger, 13 (UCB). El Dorado Co.: Greenwood, 38.89667 ° N 120.91167 ° W, 21 Jun 1967, J. Powell, 13 (UCB). Humboldt Co.: Blocksburg, 40.27611 ° N 123.63528 ° W, 25 May 1941, B. P. Bliven, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00077555) (CAS). Kern Co.: 5 mi N of Kernville, 35.827 ° N 118.42444 ° W, 15 May 1968, S. W. Earnshaw, 13 (UCB). 7 km W of Wofford Heights on Rt 155, 35.725 ° N 118.51027 ° W, 1210 m, 18 May 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Ceanothus leucodermis Greene (Rhamnaceae) , det. L. Raz 2002, 43, 4♀ (AMNH). E of Caliente on Walker Basin Road, 35.38774 ° N 118.425 ° W, 1220 m, 22 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Quercus wislizenii A. DC. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 63 Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 53, 6♀ (AMNH). Tehachapi Pass, 35.1 ° N 118.29444 ° W, 6 Jun 1929, R. L. Usinger, 13 (CAS). Lake Co.: Blue Lakes, 39.17162 ° N 123.01074 ° W, 8 May 1985, W. F. Chamberlain, 33 (TAMU). Los Angeles Co.: 0.9 mi W of Wrightwood on Rt 2, 34.36083 ° N 117.64826 ° W, 2030 m, 30 Jun 1980, R. T. Schuh, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 13, 2♀ (AMNH). 33 mi E of La Canada on Rt 2, 34.20611 ° N 117.63981 ° W, 218 m, 26 Jun 1980, R. T. Schuh, Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , 83 (AMNH_PBI 00095256) 2♀ Ceanothus cordulatus (AMNH_PBI 00059096) ( Rhamnaceae ), det. J. Grimes 1980, 83, 2♀ Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , det. J. Grimme 1980, 83, 2♀ (AMNH). Pasadena, 34.14778 ° N 118.14361 ° W, 5 Jun 1909, Grinnell, 23 (CAS). Madera Co. : 1.8 mi SE of Route 41 at Route 274 and Pettit Rd, 37.00969 ° N 119.79426 ° W, 1036 m, 22 May 2001, T. J. Henry, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 33, 2♀ (USNM). Mendocino Co.: Hopland Experiment Station, 38.97306 ° N 123.11528 ° W, 792 m, 5 May 1968, W. J. Turner, 33, 11♀ (UCB). Hopland Experiment Station, Kelsey Cab. Orchard area, 38.97306 ° N 123.11528 ° W, 808 m, 18 May 1973, C. Pickel, 13 (UCB). UC Hopland Field Station, near Headquarters, 39.00194 ° N 123.08361 ° W, 18 May 1968, W. J. Turner, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00079623) (UCB). UC Hopland Field Station, near Headquarters, 39.00194 ° N 123.08361 ° W, 268 m, 7 Jun 1969, W. J. Turner, 13 (UCB). Monterey Co.: Bradley, 35.86333 ° N 120.79972 ° W, 18 May 1920, E. P. Marks, 13 (CAS). Chew’s Ridge, 36.40099 ° N 121.76408 ° W, 1554 m, 23 Jun 1967, R. G. Denno, 13 (UCD). Greenfield, 36.32083 ° N 121.24278 ° W, 11 May 1959, T. R. Haig, 13 (UCD). Napa Co.: 2 mi NNE of Angwin, on N side of Howell Mountain, 38.57583 ° N 122.44889 ° W, 396 m, 18 Apr 1986, H. B. Leech, 13 (CAS). Lake Berryessa, Steele Park Resort, unnamed creek, 38.51361 ° N 122.10278 ° W, 100 m, 6 May 1978, P. H. Arnaud, Salix hindsiana (Salicaceae) , 23 (CAS). Nevada Co. : Grass Valley, Csl. 8 mi So., 39.21917 ° N 121.06 ° W, 18 May 1930, E. P. Van Duzee, 13 (CAS). Orange Co.: Santiago Peak, Santa Ana Mts. , 33.71056 ° N 117.53333 ° W, 15 Jun 1965, G. A. Marsh, 33, 2♀ (UCB). Trabuco Canyon, 33.66722 ° N 117.56556 ° W, 23 May 1971, J. S. Kent, 1♀ (UCB). Riverside Co.: 10 mi E of Hemet, San Bernardino National Forest, 33.73813 ° N 116.838 ° W, 581 m, 20 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Quercus wislizeni A. DC. var. frutescens (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 1♀ (AMNH). 10 mi N of Idyllwild on Rt 243, San Bernardino National Forest, 33.80087 ° N 116.7803 ° W, 1637 m, 20 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Quercus wislizeni A. DC. var. frutescens Engelm. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 153, 6♀ (AM). Quercus wislizeni A. DC. var. frutescens Engelm. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 503, 54♀ Quercus wislizenii A.DC. X Quercus kelloggii Newb. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 43, 5♀ Ceanothus leucodermis Greene (Rhamnaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 103, 13♀, 1;u (AMNH). 12 mi N of Idyllwild on Rt 243, San Bernardino National Forest., 33.83216 ° N 116.7978 ° W, 1558 m, 20 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Quercus kellogii Newb. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 23, 3♀, 1;u Ceanothus integerrimus H. and A. ( Rhamnaceae ), det. A. Sanders 2004 UCR 140673, 503, 53♀ Prunus virginiana demissa Torr. (Rosaceae) , det. A. Sanders 2004 UCR 140659, 53 (AMNH). 2 mi N Poppet Flat on Hwy 243, 33.87901 ° N 116.85167 ° W, 22 May 1976, J. D. Pinto, Quercus dumosa (Fagaceae) , 13 (UCR). 2 mi N of Idyllwild on Rt 243, San Bernardino National Forest, 33.75317 ° N 116.7229 ° W, 1717 m, 20 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Quercus kellogii Newb. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 5;u (AMNH). 2 mi N of Poppet Flat on Rt 243, 33.87891 ° N 116.85167 ° W, 22 May 1976, J. D. Pinto, Quercus dumosa (Fagaceae) , 33, 3♀ (UCR). 2 mi SE Poppet Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, 33.82947 ° N 116.82696 ° W, 1 Jun 1940, F. Rindge, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 23 (UCB). 5 mi N of Idyllwildon Rt 243, San Bernardino National Forest, 33.78326 ° N 116.7489 ° W, 1775 m, 20 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Ceanothus leucodermis Greene (Rhamnaceae) , det. A. Sanders 2004 UCR 140683, 33, 1♀ (AMNH). 8 mi W Keen Camp, San Jacinto Mountains, 33.70186 ° N 116.85091 ° W, 17 May 1929, E. G. Linsley, Eriodictyon sp. (Hydrophyllaceae) , 13 (UCB). Dark, San Jacinto Mountains, 33.75028 ° N 116.66667 ° W, 1 Jun 1940, C. D. Michener, Ribes sp. (Grossulariaceae) , 13 (UCB). Herkey Creek Camp, 33.67666 ° N 116.67983 ° W, 31 May 1963, E. I. Schlinger, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 13 (UCR). Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mountains, 33.78389 ° N 116.95778 ° W, 23 May 1940, R. L. Usinger, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 13 (UCB). Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 13 (UCR). Palm Canyon, 5 mi S of Palm Springs, 33.75799 ° N 116.54444 ° W, 5 Jul 1978, John D. Pinto, Light Trap, 13 (UCR). Poppet Flat, 33.85 ° N 116.85167 ° W, 22 May 1976, B. A. Bowers, 13, 2♀ (UCR). San Jacinto Mountains, junction Poppet Flat Road and Route 243, 33.75028 ° N 116.66667 ° W, 20 May 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Quercus palmeri (Fagaceae) , det. L. Raz 2002, 33 Rhamnus tomentella (Rhamnaceae) , det. L. Raz 2002, 133, 3♀ (AMNH). San Jacinto River Canyon, San Jacinto Mountains, 33.78389 ° N 116.95778 ° W, 30 May 1940, R. L. Usinger, 23, 13 (UCB). Sacramento Co.: Carmichael, 38.61722 ° N 121.32722 ° W, 19 Apr 1960, R. W. Wilkey, 13 (CAFA). San Bernardino Co.: 2 km NW of I-15 on Rt 138, N of San Bernardino, 34.31089 ° N 117.4971 ° W, 1555 m, 18 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 243, 24♀ (AM). Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Corville (Sterculiaceae) , 423, 7♀ Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 373, 53♀ Quercus wislizeni A. DC. var. frutescens Engelm. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 113, 8♀ Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 523, 49♀ Adenostoma fasciculatum H. and A. ( Rosaceae ), 43, 3♀ (AMNH). 3.8 mi S Camp Angelus, San Bernardino Mountains, 34.06986 ° N 116.875 ° W, 11 Jun 1977, A. J. Mayor, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae) , 53 (AMNH_PBI 00082728), 6♀ (AMNH_PBI 00082729) Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae) , 1♀ (UCR). Camp Baldy, 41.82417 ° N 121.89083 ° W, 14 Jun 1926, L. J. Muchmore, 13 (LACM). Jettey Park, 37.43278 ° N 121.09889 ° W, 23 May 1936, Timberlake, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae) , 23, 2♀ (UCR). Mill Creek, 34.08721 ° N 117.11396 ° W, 1829 m, 6 Jul 1940, Timberlake, Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) , 33 Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae) , 3♀ (UCR); 9 Jun 1947, Timberlake, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae) , 63, 10♀ (UCR); 4 Jul 1953, Timberlake, Rhamnus californica (Rhamnaceae) , 13, 1♀ (UCR); 4 Jul 1949, Timberlake, Rhamnus californica (Rhamnaceae) , 23 (UCR); 3 Jul 1949, Timberlake, Rhamnus californica (Rhamnaceae) , 23 (UCR); 4 Jun 1950, Timberlake, Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , 13 (UCR); 4 Jul 1946, Timberlake, Rhamnus californica (Rhamnaceae) , 13 (UCR); 10 Jul 1956, Timberlake, Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , 23 (UCR); 30 May 1940, Timberlake, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae) , 13, 2♀ (UCR); 5 Jul 1955, Timberlake, Rhamnus californica (Rhamnaceae) , 13 (UCR); 17 Jul 1957, Timberlake, Rhamnus californica (Rhamnaceae) , 13 (UCR); 19 Jul 1941, Timberlake, Quercus chrysolepis (Fagaceae) , 13 (UCR); 20 Jul 1941, Timberlake, 13 (UCR); 26 Jul 1944, Timberlake, Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , 13 (UCR). Mojave R. Forks Hesperia, 10 km SE, 34.42639 ° N 117.3 ° W, 6 May 1986, Tadashi Nitta, 13 (UCR). San Diego Co.: Laguna Mountains, Kitchen Creek Rd 1.4 mi N of Rt 8, 32.73222 ° N 116.48778 ° W, 1100 m, 21 May 2000, M. D. Schwartz, Ceanothus greggii perplexans (Rhamnaceae) , det. H. D. Hammond 2002, 133, 20♀ (AMNH). Lake Henshaw Resort, 32.93146 ° N 116.9371 ° W, 25 May 1992, W. F. Chamberlain, Light Trap, 13 (TAMU). Mount Laguna, 32.87222 ° N 116.4175 ° W, 21 Jun 1963, J. Powell, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae) , 113, 1♀ (UCB); 21 Jun 1963, H. L. Griffin, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae) , 43, 2♀ (UCB); 21 Jun 1963, Tina Bolton, 13 (UCB); 28 Jun 1963, J. Powell, 2♀ (UCB). Mount Laguna, 32.87222 ° N 116.4175 ° W, 23 Jun 1964, W. F. Chamberlain, 33 (TAMU). Mt. Laguna, 33.97667 ° N 118.13889 ° W, 23 Jun 1964, W. F. Chamberlain, 23, 1♀ (TAMU). Nate Harrison Rd. nr. Mt. Palomar, 40.08417 ° N 123.6575 ° W, 1463 m, 2 Jun 1968, E. I. Schlinger, 13 (UCR). Palomar Mountain, 33.36333 ° N 116.83528 ° W, 28 Jun 1963, J. Powell, Ceanothus integerrimus (Rhamnaceae) , 33, 1♀ Prunus emarginata (Rosaceae) , 13, 1♀ (UCB). S1 at Old Rt 80 N of Morena Lake, 32.84625 ° N 117.16289 ° W, 1000 m, 29 Apr 1985, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, Quercus agrifolia oxyadenia (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 1985, 143 (AMNH_PBI 00095255, AMNH_PBI 00095258), 9♀ AMNH_PBI 00095259) Quercus agrifolia oxyadenia (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 1985, 2♀ (AMNH). Santa Barbara Co. : Figueroa Park, Santa Barbara National Forest, 34.42083 ° N 119.69722 ° W, 7 Jun 1919, Ralph Hopping, 13 (CAS). Shasta Co.: Redding, 40.58667 ° N 122.39056 ° W, 1 May 1977, T. R. Haig, 113 (CAFA). Stanislaus Co.: Del Puerto Canyon, Frank Raines Park, 37.48833 ° N 121.20583 ° W, 341 m, 24 May 1980, N. Hostettler, 13 (UCB). 13 (UCR). Tehama Co. : Red Bluff, 40.17861 ° N 122.23472 ° W, 30 Apr 1953, H. T. Osborn, clover, 13 (CAFA). Tulare Co.: 5.7 mi N of Kernville, Hospital Flat Campground, 35.91101 ° N 118.45778 ° W, 28 Apr 1978, J. D. Pinto, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) , 43, 4♀ Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 103, 4♀ (UCR). Headquarters Camp, Sequoia National Forest, 36.00028 ° N 118.50028 ° W, 10 May 1997, W. F. Chamberlain, 13 (TAMU). NE of Springville on Bear Creek Rd near Scicon, 36.21394 ° N 118.7716 ° W, 700 m, 23 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Quercus wislizenii A. DC. (Fagaceae) , det. K. Nixon 2004, 33, 23♀ Aesculus californica (Spach) (Hippocastanaceae) , 33, 3♀ (AMNH). Potwisha, 3 mi NE Ash Mountain Headquarters, 36.5175 ° N 118.79889 ° W, 610 m, 4 May 1979, J. A. DeBenedictis, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 13 (UCB). Sequoia National Park, 36.56417 ° N 118.77278 ° W, 29 May 1949, W. D. Pierce, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 13 (LACM). Yuba Co.: 3 mi N of Smartville, Sierra Foothill Field Station, 39.25087 ° N 121.2975 ° W, 427 m, 2 May 1980, J. A. Powell, Light Trap, 13 (AMNH_PBI 00079566) (UCB). 5 mi S Brownsville, Willow Glenn Creek, 39.41973 ° N 121.29082 ° W, 6 May 1980, J. Liebherr, Prunus virginiana (Rosaceae) , 23 (UCB).

Figures

Fig. 1. Habitus photographs of Crassomiris spp., Phallospinophylus setosus, Pygovepres vaccinicola, and Quercophylus gonoporospinus.

Fig. 3. Head and male genitalic structures of Crassomiris spp. and Phallospinophylus setosus.

Fig. 6. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent gland evaporatory area, scale bar: 200 Mm. A. Crassomiris fatisco. B. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. Pygovepres vaccinicola. D. Quercophylus gonoporospinus. E. Rubellomiris bispinosus. F. Rubeospineus truncatus.

Fig. 7. Pretarsus, scale bar: 50 Mm. A. Crassomiris fatisco. B. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. Pygovepres vaccinicola. D. Quercophylus gonoporospinus. E. Rubellomiris bispinosus. F. Rubeospineus truncatus.

Fig. 8. Detail of setae comprising hemelytral vestiture, scale bar: 50 Mm. A. Crassomiris fatisco. B. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. Pygovepres vaccinicola. D. Quercophylus gonoporospinus. E. Rubellomiris bispinosus. F. Rubeospineus truncatus. Slender and stout setae are indicated by a white or black asterisk, respectively.

Fig. 9. Male genitalic structures, scanning micrographs, scale bar measurements in Mm. A, B. Crassomiris fatisco. A. left: posterior view of the left paramere, right: apex of the posterior process of the left paramere. B. posterolateral view of phallotheca and right paramere from the right side. C–E. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. posterolateral view of pygophore, showing patch of stout setae. D. patch of stout setae on the pygophore. E. phallotheca. F–H. Pygovepres vaccinicola. F. anterolateral view of pygophore, showing spinous process phallotheca and left paramere. G. left: spinous process, right: close up of one of the spines. H. apex of the phallotheca. I. Rubeospineus truncatus, phallotheca and left paramere from the left side.

Fig. 10. Male genitalic structures, scanning micrographs, scale measurements in Mm.

Fig. 11. Female genitalic structures, comprising bursa copulatrix and seminal depository in dorsal view, vestibulum in anterior view, and—if sclerotizations are present—posterior wall.

Fig. 12. Distribution of species of the genera Crassomiris, Phallospinophylus, and Pygovepres.