Okanagana rubrobasalis Davis, 1926

Cole, Jeffrey A., Chatfield-Taylor, Will, Smeds, Elliott A., Cooley, John R., Gonzalez, Valorie A. & Wong, Caressa, 2023, Phylogeny of North America’s largest cicada radiation redefines Tibicinoides and Okanagana (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae), Zootaxa 5346 (5), pp. 501-531 : 522-523

Okanagana rubrobasalis Davis, 1926 stat. rev.

= Okanagana tristis rubrobasalis Davis, 1926

Okanagana tristis rubrobasalis — Davis, 1926: 184.

Okanagana rubrobasalis — Katō, 1932: 175 (Revised status to species level).

Okanagana tristis rubrobasilis — [sic], Simons, 1954: 178 (Revised status to original combination and spelling error)

Okanagana rubrobasalis stat. rev. (Revised to species level as proposed by Katō, 1932).

Type Locality: Holotype: male from Nellie , San Diego Co., CA, 24 June 1918 ; Allotype from Upland , San Bernardino Co., CA 1 July 1920 . Holotype and allotype are deposited at American Museum of Natural History ( Sanborn & Heath 2017).

Rationale for status revision: Two fresh specimens were sequenced, including one from near the allotype locality of O. tristis rubrobasalis at Upland, San Bernardino Co., California ( Davis 1926; Supp. Table 1 ). Our results found a sister relationship for O. tristis tristis + O. canescens ( Figs. 5–7 ). Unlike O. tristis , this species exhibits a rainfall-mediated protoperiodical phenology ( Chatfield-Taylor & Cole 2017) and has a southern distribution that is allopatric from O. tristis tristis . There are also measurable, consistent differences in the dominant frequency of their call (unpublished data). The clear genetic separation from O. tristis tristis (COI uncorrected distance 5.56–5.68%; Supp. Table 2 ), combined with differing ecology and an allopatric distribution support revising the status of O. tristis rubrobasalis to the level of species as O. rubrobasalis stat. rev. as first proposed by Katō (1932).

Description: O. rubrobasalis was originally described as a subspecies of O. tristis ( Davis 1926) . Major separating features from O. tristis included the blood-red wing membranes in O. rubrobasalis ( Fig. 13A, B ) compared to pale orange in O. tristis , a longer, red sternite VIII ( Fig. 13C, D ), broader wings, and the differing geographic distribution ( Davis 1926). We here add that the front is strongly pronounced as in O. cruentifera rather than like O. tristis . The trapezoidal pattern of markings on the mesonotum are red and much less pronounced than the orange markings in typical O. tristis . In new specimens (which Davis seldom had) the sternites are also blood red ( Figs 13B, E ) rather than orange, losing this strong color gradually over time. The tergites are lined with red along their distal margins ( Fig. 13A ).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Bayesian consensus tree of mtDNA (analysis 2 in Methods: Phylogenetic analysis). Annotations as in Fig. 4.

FIGURE 6. Bayesian consensus phylogram of concatenated matrix (analysis 3 in Methods: Phylogenetic analysis).Annotations as in Fig. 4. Parsimony reconstruction of the uncus shape character is shown as black=hooked uncus (HU) and white=uncus without distoventral hook.

FIGURE 7. Bayesian consensus tree of concatenated matrix (analysis 3) as in Fig. 6 with branches proportional to lengths. Outgroups are cartooned. Concepts of genera as revised in this work appear on relevant branches. Photographed representatives of each genus appear to the right of the tree (Supp. Table 3).

FIGURE 13. Okanagana rubrobasalis A. male habitus, dorsal view, B. male habitus, ventral view, C. male genitalia, right lateral view, D. male genitalia, dorsal view, E. female genitalia, ventral view, F. timbal.