Syneches tomentosus Smith, 1962

Soares, Matheus M. M., Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2021, Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species, Zootaxa 5049 (1), pp. 1-84 : 68-69

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F9647501-7F6B-4286-AEEE-19B620F697ED

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5579492

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384CB1B-A431-C918-9689-2AACFAD2F86C

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Syneches tomentosus Smith
status

 

Syneches tomentosus Smith View in CoL

( Figs 45A–E View FIGURE 45 , 46A–E View FIGURE 46 , 55 View FIGURE 55 )

Syneches tomentosus Smith, 1962: 216 View in CoL ; 1967:10 (cat.); Yang et al., 2007 (cat.). Type locality: Nova Teutônia, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Diagnosis. Medium size (3.3 mm) ( Fig. 45A View FIGURE 45 ). Antenna brown except postpedicel dark brown and apex of pedicel and base of postpedicel paler ( Fig. 45C View FIGURE 45 ). Scutum rounded, as broad as mesopleuron in lateral view, covered with reddish brown pruinescence ( Fig. 45B View FIGURE 45 ). Legs with fore tibia dark yellow, apex of fore femur with a small spot, fore tarsus and mid and hind tarsomeres 3–5 brown ( Figs 45A, D View FIGURE 45 ); hind femur slender ( Fig. 45D View FIGURE 45 ). Wing sub-hyaline, pale brown; pterostigma about 3.5 x longer than wide, oval, brown, with a marginal proximal invagination, extended from apex of R 1 and not filling apex of cell r 1; second section of M 1 longer than crossvein r-m ( Fig. 45E View FIGURE 45 ).

Re-description. Holotype male. Body length: 3.3 mm. Wing length: 3.4 mm. Head ( Fig. 45C View FIGURE 45 ). Ocellar triangle protuberant, covered with gray pruinescence; 2 pairs of ocellar bristles (anterior pair about 2 x longer than anterior). Face wide, black, covered with gray pruinescence. Antenna brown except postpedicel dark brown and apex of pedicel and base of postpedicel paler; postpedicel short oval, about 1.3 x longer than wide, about as long as preceding segments combined, covered with brown pruinescence, 1 long mediodorsal bristle, about 2 x longer than postpedicel; antennal stylus brown, about 3 x longer than preceding segments combined, covered with short microtrichia, bare on apical third. Proboscis yellow, palpus and palpifer brown; palpus about 1/3 length of proboscis, covered with golden pruinescence, with 2 bristles as long as palpus (1 medioventral, 1 apical). Postcranium black, covered with reddish brown pruinescence. Thorax ( Fig. 45B View FIGURE 45 ). Proepisternum short; prosternum isolated, not fused to proepisternum. Thorax dark brown covered with reddish brown pruinescence, except posterior margin of pprn lb and pal cal pale yellow and anepimeron paler. Scutum rounded, as broad as mesopleuron in lateral view. Chaetotaxy: acr 6-serial, dc uniserial, bristles short and sparse; prescutellar disc with 2 acr and 2 dc longer, posterior-most dc longest and curved apically; 2 npl, long, strong and close to each other; 2 pal cal bristles (anterior short and thin, posterior long and strong, about 3 x longer than anterior); scutellum with 12 marginal bristles (1 convergent apical pair, 1 long, strong and parallel subapical pair, about 1.5 x longer than apicals, 1 lateral slightly longer than apical and 3 lateral bristles similar to apical). Legs ( Figs 45A, C, D View FIGURE 45 ). Fore femur slightly swollen on basal half, mid and hind femora slender. Legs with fore tibia dark yellow, apex of fore femur with small spot, fore tarsus and mid and hind tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Chaetotaxy: fore tibia with 1D series of bristles slightly longer than cover bristles; mid femur with 1AV and 1PV series of long bristles, shortening towards femur apex; mid tibia with 1D long bristle on basal third, 1AV and 1PV long subapical bristle; hind femur with 1AV series of long, sparse and thin bristles; hind tibia with 1AD long on basal half, 1AD, 1D and 1PD long subapical bristle. Wing ( Fig. 45E View FIGURE 45 ). Sub-hyaline, pale brown; pterostigma oval, brown, with marginal proximal invagination, about 3.5 x longer than wide, extended from apex of R 1, not filling apex of cell r 1; R 2+3 slightly angulate apically; second section of M 1 longer than crossvein rm; cell bm longer than cells br and cua. Halter dark brown, except base of stem dark yellow. Abdomen ( Fig. 45A View FIGURE 45 ). About 2 x longer than thorax. Dark brown, covered with reddish brown pruinescence; bristles brown, dorsal short, laterodorsal long. Male terminalia (specimen compared with holotype, Figs 46A–C View FIGURE 46 ). Distal margin of hypandrium with shallow mid-width concavity, forming two short lobes, each bearing 1 long apical bristle about as long as exposed part of phallus. Phallus short and strong, apex rounded, lateral flaps short and strong, pointing anteriorly to base of phallus, arising next to base of phallus. Postgonite short and wide, about as long as exposed part of phallus, more sclerotized on basal third, narrowing apically. Dorsal connection of epandrial lamellae wide. Epandrial lamella wide in lateral view, concave on apical 1/4 and 1 long and narrow apicodorsal projection.

Female. Similar to male, except by wing hyaline and pterostigma pale brown. Female terminalia ( Figs 46D, E View FIGURE 46 ). Tergite 8 slightly longer than wide, distal margin with long bristles; sternite 8 about 1.5 x longer than wide, narrowing on proximal third, membranous on central part of proximal 3/4, distal margin bearing long bristles; cercus shorter than sternite 10.

Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ ( NHMUK) labelled: “ BRASIL, [Santa Catarina, Seara], Nova Teutônia, 16.ix.1937, Fritz Plaumann ” “(Hol. ♂ n°1938-40)” . Holotype condition: good, right wing mounted between cover slides. PARATYPES: Same data as holotype (1 ♀, NHMUK) ; idem, 21.ix.1938 (1 ♂, NHMUK) ; idem, 31.xii.1938, (1 ♀, NHMUK) .

Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia, Fritz Plaumann , x.1971, 27°11′S 52°23′W, Compared with holotype, Syneches tomentosus, Smith, 1962 , Det. R. Ale-Rocha [green label] (1 ♂, 1 ♀, INPA) GoogleMaps ; idem, 300–500 m, x.1971 (8 ♂, 8♀, MZUSP) GoogleMaps ; idem, ix.1971 (3 ♀, MZUSP) GoogleMaps ; idem, i.1976, Cal. Acad. Sci. Coll. (2 ♂, 1 ♀, CAS) GoogleMaps ; idem, ix.1976 (2 ♂, CAS) GoogleMaps ; idem, viii.1977 (1 ♂, CAS) GoogleMaps ; idem, xi.1977 (62 ♂, 59 ♀, CAS; 10 ♂, 10 ♀, INPA) GoogleMaps ; idem, x.1977 (3 ♂, 3 ♀, CAS) GoogleMaps . Paraná: Piraquara, Mananciais da Serra Mar , 25°29′46″S 48°58′54″W, 01.xi.2007, Varredura, J.A. Rafael col. (1 ♂, INPA) GoogleMaps .

Distribution. Brazil (Paraná * and Santa Catarina) ( Fig. 55 View FIGURE 55 ). Syneches tomentosus is known to occur only in the Atlantic Forest biome.

Variation. Apex of pedicel and base of postpedicel yellow. Scutellum pale brown, with anterior margin yellow and the lateral scutellar bristles vary from 4–6. On the legs, mid tarsomeres 3–4 yellow in some specimens.

Remarks. Syneches tomentosus is similar to S. nordestino sp. nov. by the medium size, thorax dark brown covered with reddish brown pruinescence and legs mostly yellow. However, S. tomentosus can be differentiated by the oval pterostigma, about 3.5 x longer than wide, with a marginal proximal invagination and postpedicel mostly dark brown (pterostigma absent and postpedicel pale yellow in S. nordestino sp. nov.). Additionally, the characters of the male terminalia contribute to distinguish these species. See also “Remarks” under S. nordestino sp. nov.

NHMUK

Natural History Museum, London

INPA

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia

MZUSP

Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo

CAS

California Academy of Sciences

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Diptera

Family

Hybotidae

Genus

Syneches

Loc

Syneches tomentosus Smith

Soares, Matheus M. M., Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly 2021
2021
Loc

Syneches tomentosus Smith, 1962: 216

Smith, K. G. V. 1967: 10
Smith, K. G. V. 1962: 216
1962
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