Handaoia Seyrig, 1952

Bordera, Santiago & Broad, Gavin R., 2021, Six new species of Handaoia Seyrig, 1952 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Phygadeuontinae): the first to be described from the New World, European Journal of Taxonomy 757, pp. 80-101 : 81-82

Genus Handaoia Seyrig, 1952

Handaoia Seyrig, 1952: 26

(type species: Handaoia spinosa Seyrig, 1952 , by original designation).

Diagnosis

Handaoia can be recognized and separated from other Phygadeuontinae genera by the combination of the distally expanded and ventrally flattened antennal flagellum, complete posterior transverse carina of the mesosternum, isolated ʻpit’ (episternal scrobe) in the mesopleuron, and a single bulla in fore wing vein 2 m-cu. The following more complete diagnosis is modified from Townes (1970), who included Handaoia in a key to the genera of ‘Chiroticina’. Townes’ definition applies equally well to the Afrotropical species originally included as well as to the Neotropical and Palaearctic species: flagellum of female antenna fusiform (expanded beyond the middle and flattened ventrally) with a median white ring; genal carina reaching base of mandible; mandibular teeth subequal; maxillary palp long, reaching beyond centre of mesosternum; pronotum with two dorsal pits separated by weak longitudinal carina, usually flanked laterally by 3–4 longitudinal carinae; epomia absent; median lobe of mesoscutum without median longitudinal groove; scutellum without lateral carinae; mesopleural impression (episternal scrobe) ventral to speculum as an isolated pit, some distance from mesopleural furrow; posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete; fore wing with areolet pentagonal, its outer side open (vein 3 rs-m missing), vein 2 m-cu with one wide bulla; area superomedia always separated from area petiolaris and usually confluent with area basalis; laterotergites of metasomal tergites 2 and 3 not separated or only weakly separated from tergite. Small species, body length 2–5 mm.

Key to the New World species of Handaoia

1. Apophysis of propodeum high, parallel sided or subtriangular, with blunt tip ( Figs 2F , 4G , 7H , arrows) .............................................................................................................................................. 2

– Apophysis of propodeum as a low transverse rounded crest, or slightly pointed ( Figs 3G , 5I , 8I , arrows) .............................................................................................................................................. 4

2. Area externa of propodeum confluent with area dentipara ( Fig. 1A ). Juxtacoxal carina absent ( Fig. 2C ). First and second flagellomeres about 5.6 and 6.5 × as long as wide respectively. Hind coxa tinged with white ( Fig. 2A ) .............................................................. H. cuscoensis Bordera sp. nov.

– Area externa of propodeum separated from area dentipara by strong carina ( Fig. 1C, E ). Juxtacoxal carina present, usually strong ( Figs 4F , 7G ). First and second flagellomeres about 4–5 and 3.2–5.4 × as long as wide, respectively. Hind coxa entirely dark brown ( Figs 4A , 7A ) .................................. 3

3. Fore wing with well-defined transverse dark brown band ( Fig. 4A ). Inner side of area externa 4.7 × as long as inner side of area dentipara ( Fig. 1C ). Juxtacoxal carina strong, irregular, joining submetapleural carina at its mid-length ( Fig. 4F ). Tergite I about 1.8× as long as its maximum width. First and second flagellomeres about 5 and 5.4× as long as wide respectively. Flagellum dark brown (except white band), with first and second flagellomeres light brown ( Fig. 4A– B ) .................................................................................................... H. mercedensis Bordera sp. nov.

– Fore wing evenly infuscate ( Fig. 7A ). Inner side of area externa 7.0× as long as inner side of area dentipara ( Fig. 1E ). Juxtacoxal carina weak but complete, joining anterior part of submetapleural carina ( Fig. 7G ). Tergite I about 2.4× as long as its maximum width. First and second flagellomeres 4.1 and 3.3× as long as wide respectively. Flagellum dark brown (except white band), with only first flagellomere light brown ( Fig. 7A ) ................................................ H. ruizcancinoi Bordera sp. nov.

4. Area externa of propodeum confluent with area dentipara ( Fig. 1D ). Juxtacoxal carina absent ( Fig. 5H ). Sternaulus very short and weak, reaching at most 0.3× the length of the mesopleuron ( Fig. 5E ). Head coarsely granulate ( Fig. 5B–C ) ............................................. H. plaumanni sp. nov.

– Area externa of propodeum separated from area dentipara by a strong carina ( Fig. 1B, F ). Juxtacoxal carina present ( Figs 3F , 8H , arrows). Sternaulus deep, reaching at least 0.5 × the length of the mesopleuron ( Figs 3D , 8G ). Head finely granulate .......................................................................... 5

5. Inner side of area externa 3.0–3.4 × as long as inner side of area dentipara ( Fig. 1B ); inner side of area dentipara (section of the lateromedian longitudinal carina) 0.4–0.5 × the length of the outer side (section of the lateral longitudinal carina) ( Fig. 1B ). Lateromedian longitudinal carina of first metasomal tergite weak, reaching at most 0.6× the length of the tergite, or sometimes inconspicuous ( Fig. 1B ). Malar space 1.15–1.25× as long as basal mandibular width ( Fig. 3E ). Tergite II smooth and shiny ( Fig. 3B ). Clypeus 2.1–2.2 × as wide as high ( Fig. 3E ) ..................................................... ................................................................................................................................... H. fritzi sp. nov.

– Inner side of area externa about 8.0× as long as inner side of area dentipara ( Fig. 1F ); inner side of area dentipara 0.25 × the length of the outer side ( Fig. 1F ). Lateromedian longitudinal carina of tergite I strong, reaching 0.8 × the length of the tergite ( Fig. 1F ). Malar space 1.4 × as long as mandible base ( Fig. 8B ). Tergite II finely granulate ( Fig. 8D ). Clypeus 1.6× as wide as high ( Fig. 8B ) ................................................................................................................. H. urceus sp. nov.

Figures

Fig. 2. Morphology of Handaoia cuscoensis Bordera sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (AEIC). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, front view. C. Metapleuron. D. Head and mesosoma, lateral view. E. Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. F. Propodeum (arrow: propodeal apophysis). G. Metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, D–E, G = 0.2 mm; C, F = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 4. Morphology of Handaoia mercedensis Bordera sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (CEUA). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, front view. C. Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D. Head and mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, dorsal view. F. Metapleuron (arrow: juxtacoxal carina). G. Propodeum (arrow: propodeal apophysis). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–E = 0.2 mm; F–G = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 7. Morphology of Handaoia ruizcancinoi Bordera sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (CEUA). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, front view. C. Head and mososoma, lateral view. D. Head and mososoma, dorsal view. E. Tergite I, dorsal view. F. Metasoma, dorsal view. G. Metapleuron (arrow: juxtacoxal carina). H. Propodeum (arrow: propodeal apophysis). Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–F = 0.2 mm; G–H = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3. Morphology of Handaoia fritzi sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (NHMUK010636396). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Head and mesoscutum, dorsal view. D. Head and mesosoma, lateral view. E. Head, front view. F. Metapleuron (arrow: juxtacoxal carina). G. Propodeum (arrow: propodeal apophysis). Scale bars: A–D = 0.5 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 5. Morphology of Handaoia plaumanni sp. nov. A. Habitus, lateral view, holotype, ♀ (NHMUK010636386). B. Head, dorsal view, paratype, ♀ (NHMUK010636395). C. Head, front view, paratype, ♀ (NHMUK010636382). D. Mesoscutum, dorsal view, paratype, ♀ (NHMUK010636395). E. Head and mesosoma, lateral view, paratype, ♀ (NHMUK010636395). F. Metasoma, lateral view, paratype, ♀ (NHMUK010636382). G. Metasoma, dorsal view, paratype, ♀ (NHMUK010636382). H. Metapleuron, paratype, ♀ (NHMUK010636395). I. Propodeum, paratype, ♀ (NHMUK010636382) (arrow: propodeal apophysis). J. Tergite I, dorsal view, paratype, ♀ (NHMUK010636382). Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–G = 0.2 mm; H–J = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 8. Morphology of Handaoia urceus sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (NMHUK). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, front view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Metasoma, dorsal view. E. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. F. Metasoma, lateral view. G. Head and mesosoma, dorsolateral view. H. Metapleuron (arrow: juxtacoxal carina). I. Propodeum (arrow: propodeal apophysis). Scale bars: A, D–G = 0.5 mm; B–C, H–I = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 1. Propodeum and tergite I of Handaoia spp., ♀♀. A. H. cuscoensis Bordera sp. nov., holotype (AEIC).B. H. fritzi sp. nov., holotype (NHMUK).C. H. mercedensisBordera sp. nov., holotype (CEUA). D. H. plaumanni sp. nov., holotype (NHMUK). E. H. ruizcancinoi Bordera sp. nov., holotype (CEUA). F. H. urceus sp. nov., holotype (NHMUK). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.