Promachus

Dennis, D. Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2008, Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), Zootaxa 1868 (1), pp. 1-98 : 62

Key to known pupal cases of Nearctic species of Promachus

1 Labral sheath with slight keel or posterior tubercle; proboscial sheath with 1–2 median tubercles on each side of midline; anterior coxal sheath without callosity on each side of midline near proboscial sheath tubercle; dorsal abdominal spines not sagittate or broad basally; abdominal segment 9 with ventral posterolateral processes not basally fused to dorsal posterolateral processes .......................................................2

­ Labral sheath with posterior keel; proboscial sheath with 2 median tubercles on each side of midline; anterior coxal sheath with 1–2 callosities on each side of midline near proboscial sheath tubercle; dorsal abdominal spines sagittate or broad basally; abdominal segment 9 with or without ventral posterolateral processes basally fused to dorsal posterolateral processes..........................................................................3

2 Proboscial sheath usually with 1–2 median tubercles on each side of midline; maxillary sheath often with minute median processes on each side of labral sheaths; venter of abdominal segment 2 with 5–8 bristlelike spines on each side of hind leg sheath; segment 8 with 1 dorsolateral bristle­like spine on each side..... .................................................................................................................. Promachus bastardii (Macquart)

­ Proboscial sheath with 1 median tubercle on each side of midline; maxillary sheath without median processes on each side of labral sheaths; venter of abdominal segment 2 with 1–2 bristle­like spines on each side of hind leg sheaths; segment 8 without dorsolateral bristle­like spines on each side ............................ ...................................................................................................................... Promachus rufipes (Fabricius)

3 Anterior coxal sheath with 1 small callosity on each side of midline near proboscial sheath tubercle; abdominal segments 2–4 with long, sagittate spurs; segment 7 with alternating long, narrow, dorsal spurs and short, dorsal spines; segment 9 with ventral posterolateral processes not basally fused to dorsal posterolateral processes ..................................................................................... Promachus fitchii Osten Sacken

­ Anterior coxal sheath with 1–2 small callosities on each side of midline near proboscial sheath tubercle; abdominal segments 2–4 with long, broad spurs; segment 7 with long, dorsal, sagittate spurs, rarely with a small spine between long spurs; segment 9 with ventral posterolateral processes basally fused to dorsal posterolateral processes ................................................................................. Promachus vertebratus (Say)