Cephalotes fiebrigi (Forel, 1906)

Oliveira, Aline Machado, Powell, Scott & Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado, 2021, A taxonomic study of the Brazilian turtle ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Cephalotes), Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 65 (3), No. e 20210028, pp. 1-52 : 27-28

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0028
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512295
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587E5-FFEE-FFDB-FFFD-FF0BD1B4FD52
treatment provided by	Carolina
scientific name	Cephalotes fiebrigi
status

Treatment

The fiebrigi View in CoL species group

( Figs. 27 View Figure 27 , 28 View Figure 28 , 29 View Figure 29 , 30 View Figure 30 , 31 View Figure 31 , 32 View Figure 32 )

Kempf (1958a) created the jheringi subgroup of the angustus group in Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) with seven species ( C. bivestitus , C. bohlsi , C.bruchi , C.fossithorax , C.jheringi , C.prodigious, andC.quadratus ). Later, De Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) separated it into three groups of Cephalotes . The first is the monotypic bruchi group, characterized by cephalicdiscincompleteinsoldiersandgynes,asignificantcharacterintheir analysis.Thesecondistheexclusively Argentinianprodigiosus groupwith the species C. bivestitus and C. prodigiosus , characterized by the concave cephalic disc insoldiers.Finally, the fourremaining species of thejheringi subgroup were joined to the Kempf’s pilosus group, originally formed by C.fiebrigi , C.liogaster ,andC. pilosus ; resultinginthecurrentfiebrigi group, with the addition of C.guayaki , C.lanuginosus , and C.supercilii described by De Andrade in De Andrade and Baroni Urbani, 1999.

Inthemorphological phylogeny(De Andradeand Baroni-Urbani,1999, see their Fig. 24 View Figure 24 ) the bruchi group was recovered as sister to the fiebrigi group. The authors argued that the incomplete cephalic disc could be a secondary loss in bruchi group, and the unknown ancestor of C. bruchi should have had both soldiers and gynes with a complete disc, but they keptthespeciesinaseparatedgroup.However,themolecularphylogenies ( Fig. 54 View Figure54 ) recovered C. bruchi within the fiebrigi group, as sister to the groupingformed byC. jheringi , C.bohlsi andC. specularis . Therefore,based onmorphologicalandmolecularevidence,weheretransfer C.bruchi tothe fiebrigi group, extinguishingthe bruchi speciesgroup ( Fig. 54 View Figure54 ).

Diagnosis: In workers, dorsal and declivous faces of propodeum continuous, not meeting in a distinct propodeal angle, and converging posteriorly towards the petiolar insertion, the lateral marginswithout lamellar expansions ( Fig. 2n View Figure 2 ). Anterior portion of gaster with opaque expansion, never extending posteriorly in the form of translucent lateral lamellae ( Fig. 2q View Figure 2 ). In soldiers, propodeum with variable number of spines, if there are two pairs, the anterior one is never longer than the posterior. Anterior gastral expansions not translucent ( Fig. 2q View Figure 2 ).

Brazilian species of fiebrigi group

Cephalotes bruchi (Forel, 1912)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus bruchi

= Cephalotes jheringi pampaensis (Santschi, 1931)

= Cephalotes ridiculus (Santschi, 1915)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus ridiculus

Cephalotes fiebrigi (Forel, 1906)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus pilosus fiebrigi

= Cephalotes guttifer (Santschi, 1919)

Obsoletecombination:Cryptocerus (Paracryptocerus) guttifer Cephalotes guayaki De Andrade, 1999

Cephalotes jheringi (Emery, 1894)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus jheringi

= Cephalotes peltatus (Emery, 1896)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus peltatus

= Cephalotes peltatus ellenriederi (Forel, 1911)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus peltatus ellenriederi Cephalotes liviaprado new species

Cephalotes pilosus (Emery, 1896)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus pilosus

Cephalotes quadratus (Mayr, 1868)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus quadratus

= Cephalotes convexus (Santschi, 1916)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus convexus

Cephalotes specularis Brandão, Feitosa, Powell and Del-Claro, 2014

Key to the identification of Brazilian species of the fiebrigi View in CoL group of Cephalotes View in CoL based on workers

( Figs. 27 View Figure 27 a-l)

1 Body with long, flexuous and abundant hairs ( Fig. 27j View Figure 27 )........................2

1’ Pilosity with a different pattern ( Fig. 27g, h, k View Figure 27 ).......................................3

2 In frontal view, frontal carinae with a lateral projection anteriorly to the eyes ( Fig. 27d View Figure 27 )................................................. C. liviaprado new species

2’ In frontal view, frontal carinae straight ( Fig. 27e View Figure 27 )................. C. pilosus View in CoL

3 In dorsal view, frontal carinae strongly bent dorsally over the eyes ( Fig. 27f View Figure 27 )..................................................................................................... C. bruchi View in CoL

3’ In dorsalview,frontalcarinae notbentdorsally over theeyes ( Fig.27c View Figure 27 )...4

4 In lateral view, first gastral tergite with erecthairs ( Fig. 27h, k View Figure 27 )........5

4’ In lateral view, first gastral tergite without erect hairs ( Fig. 27g View Figure 27 )....6

5 Firstgastral tergite withless than 50 erecthairs ( Fig.27h View Figure 27 )................ C. guayaki View in CoL

5’Firstgastraltergitewithmorethan100erecthairs( Fig.27k View Figure 27 )..................... C.fiebrigi View in CoL

6 In lateral view, head veryconvex, forming deep depressionsanterior to theeyes ( Fig.27a View Figure 27 )................................................................................... C. quadratus View in CoL

6’ In lateral view, head slightly convex or straight, not forming deep depressions ( Fig. 27b View Figure 27 )...........................................................................................7

7 Gaster shiny, with equal sized hairs, evenly distributed throughout the tergite ( Fig. 27i View Figure 27 )........................................................................ C. specularis

7’ Gaster opaque, with shorter andsparser hairs in the central portion, and longerandmore abundanthairs inthe anterior portion ( Fig. 27l View Figure 27 )........ ......................................................................................................................... C. jheringi View in CoL Key to the identification of Brazilian species of the fiebrigi View in CoL group of Cephalotes View in CoL based on soldiers

( Figs. 28 View Figure 28 a-l)

1 In frontal view, cephalic dorsum domeshaped, not totally marginated by a carina (blue dotted), and continuous with the vertexal corners (pink dotted) ( Fig. 28c View Figure 28 )........................................................................................2

1’ In frontal view, cephalic dorsum disc shaped, totally enclosed by a carina (blue dotted), which separate the dorsum from the vertexal corners (pink dotted) ( Fig. 28a, b, d, e View Figure 28 )............................................................3

2 In dorsal view, propodeal groove strongly impressed forming a depression in the integument ( Fig. 28g View Figure 28 )................................. C. quadratus View in CoL

2’ Indorsal view, propodeal grooveweakly impressed, withoutdepression in the integument ( Fig. 28h View Figure 28 ).............................................................. C. guayaki View in CoL

3 In lateral view, dorsum of first gastral tergite only with appressed hairs ( Fig. 28l View Figure 28 )........................................................................................................4

3’ Inlateral view, dorsum of firstgastral tergite with erect hairs ( Fig.28j View Figure 28 ); appressed hairs can be present ( Fig. 28k View Figure 28 ).....................................................6

4 Cephalic dorsum with erect clavate hairs ( Fig. 28f View Figure 28 )......... C. specularis

4’ Cephalic dorsum with appressed canaliculate hairs ( Fig. 28i View Figure 28 )..........5

5 In frontal view, the distance between the anterior and posterior margins of the dorsum of head greater than the distance between the eyes ( Fig. 28a View Figure 28 )....................................................................................... C. jheringi View in CoL

5’ In frontal view, distance between the anterior and posteriormargins of the dorsum of head shorter than or equal to the distance between theeyes ( Fig. 28b View Figure 28 )................................................................................... C. bruchi View in CoL

6 In lateral view, first gastral tergite without canaliculate appressed hairs. Simple sparse appressed hairs can be present laterally ( Fig. 28j View Figure 28 )................................................................... C. liviaprado new species

6’ Indorsal view, first gastral tergite with evenly distributed, canaliculate appressed hairs ( Fig. 28k View Figure 28 )..................................................................................7

7 In frontal view, the long hairs posterior to the eyes are as long as the length eyes ( Fig. 28d View Figure 28 ). Dorsum of head with comparatively small foveae, and canaliculate suberect hairs present only anteriorly ( Fig. 28d View Figure 28 ).................................................................................................. C. pilosus View in CoL

7’ Infrontal view, the long hairsposteriorto the eyes areshorter than half lengtheyes ( Fig.28e View Figure 28 ). Dorsumof head withcomparativelylargefoveaeand canaliculate suberecthairs evenly distributed ( Fig. 28e View Figure 28 )........... C. fiebrigi View in CoL