Agathocles normalis (Distant, 1901) Salini & Kment, 2021

Salini, S. & Kment, Petr, 2021, The genera Agathocles and Surenus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) tribal reassessment, redescription, new synonyms, and description of two new species, Zootaxa 4958 (1), pp. 510-559 : 542-543

Agathocles normalis (Distant, 1901) , comb. nov.

( Figs 9 , 14, 19, 21 , 106–124 , 139 )

Surenus normalis Distant, 1901a: 107 (original description). Lectotype (here designated) (see Figs 1–2 ): ♀, Myanmar: Carin Cheba (MCSN).

Surenus normalis: Distant (1902) : 117 (description repeated, figures of dorsal habitus and thorax and abdomen in ventral view); Bergroth (1908): 154 (catalogue); Kirkaldy (1909): 195 (world catalogue); Memon et al. (2011): 1153 (figure of dorsal habitus).

Surenus cf. normalis: Arnold & Arnold (2017) : 13 (record).

Type locality. Myanmar: ‘ Carin Chebà’ [= Karen Hills, ca. 19°13′N 96°35′W — R. Poggi, pers. comm. in Jendek (2003)] .

Type material. Lectotype (here designated) (see Figs 110–112 ): ♀, Myanmar: ‘Carin Chebà / 900–1100 m / L.Fea [p] V.XII 88 [hw, white label with black submarginal frame] // Typus [p in red, white label with red submarginal frame] // Surenus / normalis / Dist. [hw, white label] // Surenus / normalis / Typus! Dist. [hw, orange label] // normalis / Dist. [hw, white label]’ ( MCSN). We provided the specimen with the following label: ‘ LECTOTYPUS / SURENUS / NORMALIS / Distant, 1901 / des. Salini & Kment 2020 [p, red label]’.

Additional material examined. LAOS: Houa Phan Province: Ban Saluey → Phou Pane Mt. , 20°12 –13.5′N 103°59.5′– 104°01′E, 1340–1870 m a.s.l., primary mountain forest, individual collecting, 1.–24.vi.2012, 1 ♂, Vít Kubáň & Lao collectors lgt., P. Kment det. ( NMPC) .

Redescription (male). Colouration ( Figs 108–111 ). Body black, except clavus, corium, acetabula, genital capsule posteroventrally, antennomeres I–III, and legs blackish brown; labium and distiflagellum (IV) pale brown. Apices of humeri, apex of scutellum, propleuron sublaterally, lateral margin of abdominal ventrite II, antero- and posterolateral angles of connexival segments III to VII, and exocorium with small to very small, yellowish ochraceous callosities. Peritremal surface and small round fields surrounding abdominal trichobothria black. Membrane dark brown, translucent. Remaining parts of genital capsule yellowish.

Integument and vestiture. Body shining, clavus, corium and evaporatorium matt. Body above covered with dense, coarse, black punctures, including apex of scutellum; only endocorium with punctures distinctly smaller and sparser than on exocorium; disc of pronotum (posteromedially) and scutellum (anteriorly) with prominent transverse wrinkles ( Fig. 108 ); head underside and thoracic sterna with dense, coarse punctures; surface of abdominal sternites smooth with fine punctures. Body mostly glabrous (see generic description).

Structure. Head ( Fig. 9 ). Head slightly shorter than wide (length: width ratio 0.88). Mandibular plates with lateral margins distinctly sinuate in front of eyes above the small antenniferous tubercle, parallel-sided about their midlength, and regularly rounded anteriorly; mandibular plates not meeting anteriorly, apex of clypeus free, inner margins of apical incisure parallel. Antennomeres from shortest to longest: I <IIa <IV <IIb <III. Scape (I) reaching about apex of head, basipedicellite (IIa) distinctly (1.54×) longer than scape and shorter than IIb (length of IIa: IIb ratio: 1: 1.70). Labiomeres from shortest to longest (n = 1): I = IV (1.47 mm) <III (2.11 mm) <II (2.30 mm). Labium reaching between metacoxae.

Pronotum ( Figs 108, 110 ). Lateral tooth on anterolateral angles small, directed laterad ( Fig. 9 ). Lateral pronotal margin anteriorly only minutely crenulate. Humeri rectangular, slightly surpassing laterad over base of corium. Posterior margin slightly concave.

Scutellum ( Figs 108, 110 ). Disc of scutellum convex in prefrenal portion, only its postfrenal portion flat; apex narrowly rounded.

Hemelytra. Costal margin of corium only slightly insinuated basally ( Fig. 108 ).

Thorax. Ostiole large, oval, opening posteriad; median furrow deep, reaching nearly apex of peritreme ( Fig. 19 ). Metasternum medium wide.

Male genitalia. Genital capsule ( Figs 113–116 ) nearly quadrangular in dorsal/ventral view, longer than wide. Ventral rim deeply incised medially ( Fig. 115 ); ventral rim infolding wide, medially with crescent-shaped depression ( Figs 113–114 ). Superior processes of dorsal rim present, small, subtriangular ( Figs 113–114, 117 ), trapezoid, laterally constricted about midlength ( Fig. 113 ). Parameral socket open ( Fig. 114 ). Paramere ( Figs 118–124 ) with basal process with a foliaceous, roughly semicircular lobe positioned rather vertically, bearing row of many long setae ( Figs 118, 121–122, 124 ); apical process hook-shaped, apically obtuse ( Figs 118, 122, 124 ); mesal angle of stem without additional projection ( Figs 118, 122, 124 ). Phallus ( Figs 106–107 ) with pair of dorsal conjunctival processes transversely placed and ending in sclerotised processes, median penial plates (mpp) fused basally, outer margins broadly and thickly sclerotized, encircling short, curved aedeagus (ad).

Female genitalia. Unknown.

Measurements (mm). See Table 2. Distant (1901a) give the length of female holotype as 20.0 mm.

Variation. The lectotype female differs from the examined male by presence of small yellowish callosities also on corium ( Fig. 110 ).

Differential diagnosis. See key and Table 3. This species could be recognized by combination of apically narrowly free clypeus, scape about reaching apex of head, and blackish-brown colouration with less conspicuous whitish spot with concolorous punctures at the apex of scutellum.

Distribution ( Fig. 139 ). Laos (new record), Myanmar ( Distant 1901a, 1902). The record from India: West Bengal: Darjiling ( Arnold & Arnold 2017) requires confirmation.

Nomenclature. Distant (1901a) did not indicate the number and sex of the specimen(s) he studied, though a single measurement given suggests only one specimen. The ventral illustration of abdomen in Distant (1902) clearly shows a female. According to Maria Tavano (pers. comm.), there is only a single female labelled as ‘typus’ in the collection of the Museum of Natural History in Genoa, most probably the only specimen Distant studied. According to the Recommendation 73F of the ICZN (1999) we designate here the single type specimen present in MCSN ( Figs 110–112 ) as lectotype to fix the identity of the species.

Figures

FIGURE 139. Distribution of the Agathocles species. T—type locality;?—doubtful record. Orig. P. Kment.

FIGURES 6–13. Head. 6–8—Agathocles limbatus Stål, 1876: 6—dorsal view, Vietnam: Phia Oac NP (magnification 20×); 7— dorsal view, Thailand: Phu Kradung NP (20×); 8—lateral view, Laos: Phou Pane Mt. (30×). 9—A. normalis (Distant, 1901a), male, dorsal view, Laos: Phou Pane Mt. (23× mm). 10–11—A. flavipes sp. nov., female, dorsal (10, 30×) and ventral (11, 40×) view, India: Maharashtra: 70 km N of Pune. 12–13—A. joceliae sp. nov.: 12—holotype, male, dorsal view, Malaysia: Kelantan (25×); 13—female, ventral view, Malaysia: Kelantan: Kampong Sungai Om (27×). Lettering: at—antenniferous tubercle, bu— buccula, cl—clypeus, la—labium, lr—labrum, mp—mandibular plate, oc—ocellus. Scale bars: 1 mm. Orig. P. Kment.

FIGURES 14–22. External scent efferent system of metathoracic scent gland. 14—Agathocles normalis (Distant, 1901), male, Laos: Phou Pane Mt. (23×). 15—A. joceliae sp. nov., female, Malaysia: Kelantan: Kampong Timor. 16–19—ostiole and peritreme: 16—A. limbatus Stål, 1876 (90×); 17—A. flavipes sp. nov. (100×); 18—A. joceliae sp. nov. (75×); 19—A. normalis (Distant, 1901) (85×). 20—A. joceliae sp. nov., evaporatorium laterally on mesopleuron (75×). 21—A. normalis, metathoracic spiracle (42×). 22—A. limbatus, detail of metathoracic spiracle with reticulate filter processes (320×). Lettering: ev—evaporatorium, mf—median furrow, o—ostiole, pe—peritreme, sms—smooth spot on mesopleuron, sp—spiracle. Scale bars: 1 mm (14, 15, 21), 0.5 mm (16–20), 0.1 mm (22). Orig. P. Kment.

FIGURES 102–107. Penis of Agathocles species. 102–105—A. joceliae sp. nov. (102–104—not inflated, 105—inflated): 102—dorsal view, 103—lateral view, 104—ventral view, 105—apical view. 106–107—A. normalis (Distant, 1901), inflated: 106—dorsal view, 107—ventral view. Lettering: ad—aedeagus, dlc—dorsolateral conjunctival processes, mpp—median penial plate, pt—phallotheca. Scale bars: 1 mm. Orig. P. Kment.

FIGURES 108–112. Agathocles normalis (Distant, 1901), habitus. 108–109—male, Laos, Phou Pane Mt. (body length 18.78 mm) (108—dorsal view, 109—ventral view).110–112—holotype of Surenus normalis Distant, 1901, female (110—dorsal view, 111—lateral view, 112—labels). Orig. P. Kment (108–109), M. Tavano (110–112).

FIGURES 113–117. Male genital capsule of Agathocles normalis (Distant, 1901): 113—caudal view (27×); 114—caudal view, dissected (32×); 115—ventral view (21×); 116—lateral view (27×); 117—superior process of dorsal rim (150×). Lettering: plp—posterolateral projection of genital capsule, sp—superior process of dorsal rim. Scale bars: 1 mm (113–116), 0.1 mm (117). Orig. P. Kment.

FIGURES 118–124. Paramere of Agathocles normalis (Distant, 1901), five different views (118–123, 100×) and detail of microsculpture (124, 150×). Lettering: ap—apical process of paramere, bp—basal process of paramere. Scale bars: 1 mm (118–123), 0.25 mm (124). Orig. P. Kment.

FIGURES 1–5. Agathocles limbatus Stål, 1876. 1–2—habitus of male from Laos: Ban Saluey → Phou Pane Mt. (22.2 mm). 3–5—habitus and labels of holotype of A. yunnanensis Zhang & Lin, 1984, syn. nov., female, China: Yunnan: Cang-yuan (scale bar 1 mm). Orig. P. Kment (1–2), D. Rédei (3–5).