Reichardtiolus duriculus ( Reitter, 1904 ), 1976

Lackner, Tomáš, 2010, Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 50, pp. 1-254 : 187-191

Reichardtiolus duriculus ( Reitter, 1904)

( Figs. 27 , 67 , 132 , 593–610 )

Saprinus duriculus Reitter, 1904: 31 .

Styphrus duriculus: JAKOBSON (1911) : 651.

Hypocacculus duriculus: BICKHARDT (1916) : 97.

Exaesiopus duriculus: REICHARDT (1926) : 17; REICHARDT (1941): 330, 333, Fig. 172 .

Reichardtiolus duriculus: KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976) : 239, Figs. 465, 466, 468 ; MAZUR (1984): 103; MAZUR (1997): 265; MAZUR (2004): 96.

Type locality. Turkmenistan, Mary.

Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: 1 spec., last two metatarsomeres of right hind tibia broken off:‘Merw [printed] // Ahnger [printed] // coll. Reitter [printed] // Holotypus 1904 / Saprinus / duriculus / Reitter [red-framed printed-written] // 1960 / Exaesiopus / ( Reichardtiolus ) / duriculus Rchdt. [sic!] / Kryzhanovskij det.[printed-written]’ ( HNHM).

Additional material examined. JORDAN: 60 km N El Mudawwara , 1000 m, 29º20'N, 35º32'E, 5.iv.1994, 2 ♁♁ 3 spec., Bečvář J. & S. lgt . TURKMENISTAN: Annau , Karakum, 21.iv.1981, 1♁, A. Olexa lgt .; Repetek , 12.iv.1989, 1 spec., M. Nikodým lgt. ( TLAN) .

Redescription. Body length: PEL: 2.00– 3.40 mm; APW: 0.65–1.05 mm; PPW: 1.375–2.40 mm; EL: 1.25–2.25 mm; EW: 1.50–2.70 mm.

Body ( Figs. 593–594 ) elongate oval, strongly convex, cuticle dark brown with feeble metallic luster, legs, antennae and mouthparts rufous. Antennal scape ( Fig. 596 ) slightly thickened, with several short setae; club ( Fig. 595 ) rather large, without visible articulation, apical four-fifths covered with short sensilla intermingled with longer sparse erect sensilla, basal fifth glabrous; sensory structures of antennal club ( Fig. 27 ) in form of stipe-shaped vesicle situated under circular sensory area on internal distal margin of the ventral side of antennal club.

Mouthparts. Mandibles ( Fig. 101 ) with rounded outer margin, strongly curved inwardly, mandibular apex acutely pointed; sub-apical tooth on inner margin of left mandible blunt; labrum ( Fig. 67 ) convex, coarsely punctate; with two labral pits, each with two well-sclerotized setae; terminal labial palpomere thickened, its width about half its length; mentum subtrapezoid, anterior margin shallowly emarginate medially ( Fig. 132 ); antero-lateral corners with few short setae, lateral margins with a single row of short ramose setae; disc of mentum imbricate, asetose; cardo of maxilla with few short setae on lateral margin; stipes triangular, with three short setae; terminal maxillary palpomere thickened, its width about half its length, about twice as long as penultimate.

Clypeus ( Fig. 596 ) slightly concave medially, rounded laterally, rugulose-lacunose; frontal stria well impressed, carinate, almost straight, somewhat weakened medially, continued as well-impressed, carinate supraorbital stria; frontal disc ( Fig. 596 ) rugulose-lacunose; eyes slightly convex, visible from above.

Pronotum ( Fig. 593 ) convex, pronotal sides rounded, strongly convergent anteriorly, apical angles inconspicuous; marginal pronotal stria complete, carinate; disc with very deep, dense and coarse punctures, laterally rugulose-lacunose, medially punctation weakens and becomes sparser; pronotal hypomeron with sparse short amber setae.

Elytral epipleura with a row of deep punctures; marginal epipleural stria well impressed, complete; marginal elytral stria complete, deeply impressed, carinate, continued as complete apical elytral stria. Humeral elytral stria weakly impressed on basal third, often doubled; inner subhumeral stria inconspicuous, present as tiny median fragment; elytra with four dorsal striae 1–4, bearing large punctures; first, second and third dorsal striae about the same length, reaching approximately elytral half apically, fourth dorsal elytral stria weakly impressed on basal third (occasionally longer apically), connected to complete sutural elytral stria. Elytral disc with deep round punctation, punctures separated by 2–4 times their diameter, becoming finer apically and laterally; between sutural elytral stria and elytral suture a row of regular fine punctures present.

Propygidium transverse, almost completely exposed, coarsely and densely punctate; pygidium almost as long as broad, with similar punctation; interspaces in both cases finely imbricate.

Anterior margin of median portion of prosternum ( Fig. 598 ) rounded; marginal prosternal stria present laterally and as vague anterior fragment; pre-apical foveae rather small; prosternal process rather narrow, slightly concave; carinal prosternal striae slightly carinate, almost parallel, united in front of strongly carinate shortened lateral prosternal striae. Surface between carinal prosternal striae almost smooth, prosternal apophysis with several microscopic setae; lateral parts of prosternal process strigulate with scattered microscopic punctures fringed with tiny setae.

Anterior margin of mesoventrite ( Fig. 599 ) feebly emarginate medially; discal marginal mesoventral stria well-impressed, carinate, slightly weakened anteriorly; disc of mesoventrite with scattered deep, round punctures, fringed with microscopic setae; meso-metaventral sutural stria absent; meso-metaventral suture well discernible.

Intercoxal disc of metaventrite longitudinally concave in male, with coarse scattered punctures, area around lateral metaventral stria smooth; lateral metaventral stria ( Fig. 600 ) deeply impressed, carinate, extending obliquely and shortened apically; lateral disc of metaventrite ( Fig. 600 ) with shallow large setiferous punctures; metepisternum on basal half with similar punctation, apical half of metepisternum ( Fig. 600 ) almost smooth, fused metepimeron with few punctures; metepisternal stria present along entire fused metepimeron and metepisternum, basally intermittent.

Intercoxal disc of the first abdominal sternite completely striate laterally, with sparse coarse punctation.

Protibia ( Fig. 603 ) flattened and somewhat dilated, anterior margin formed by anterior margin of large sub-triangular distal-most tooth topped with large triangular denticle, outer margin apart from this tooth with another similar tooth topped with large triangular denticle, followed by another, much lower tooth topped by much smaller triangular denticle and another microscopic denticle entombed in outer margin of protibia; setae of outer row sparse, regular and short; setae of median row similarly sparse and regular, much shorter than those of outer row; protarsal groove moderately deep; anterior protibial stria present only on basal third; tarsal denticles absent; protibial spur tiny, bent, growing out from apical protibial margin; apical margin of protibia posteriorly without denticles; outer part of posterior surface of protibia sparsely punctate, distinctly separated from glabrous median part of posterior surface by irregular costiform stria fringed with sparse microscopic setae; posterior protibial stria complete, deeply impressed, with sparse microscopic setae; inner-ventral denticles absent; inner margin with single row of well sclerotized setae.

Mesotibia ( Fig. 601 ) slightly thickened, outer margin with two sparse rows of thin denticles growing in size apically; setae of outer row rather dense, strongly sclerotized and longer than denticles of outer margin; setae of median row sparse, microscopic; posterior mesotibial stria inconspicuous; anterior surface of mesotibia imbricate, with scattered minuscule punctures with microscopic setae; anterior mesotibial stria shortened apically, almost complete; mesotibial spur stout, rather short; apical margin with several tiny denticles; claws of apical tarsomere longer than half its length; metatibia basically similar to mesotibia, but much more thickened and dilated, rows of denticles of outer margin widely separated, outer row of denticles ( Fig. 602 ) observable only from ventral view.

Male genitalia. Eighth sternite ( Figs. 604–605 ) longitudinally separated medially, apically with large setose inflatable membrane (velum), with numerous dense short setae; eighth tergite and eighth sternite fused laterally ( Fig. 606 ). Morphology of 9 th tergite ( Figs. 607–608 ) typical for the subfamily; spiculum gastrale ( Fig. 607 ) expanded on both ends. Basal piece of aedeagus ( Figs. 609–610 ) short, ratio of its length: length of parameres 1: 5; parameres fused along their basal third; aedeagus conspicuously curved ventrad ( Fig. 610 ).

Remarks. MAZUR (1997: 265) erroneously stated the type locality for this species as ‘Kazakhstan’. In fact, it is the city of Mary, which lies in Turkmenistan.

Figures

Figs. 9–28. Saprininae, sensory structures of the antennal club (vesicles marked with grey; sensory areas shaded): 9 – Saprinus (Saprinus) semistriatus (Scriba, 1790); 10 – Saprinus (Hemisaprinus) subvirescens (Ménétries, 1832); 11 – Myrmetes paykulli Kanaar, 1979; 12 – Styphrus corpulentus Motschulsky, 1845; 13 – Saprinus (Phaonius) pharao (Marseul, 1855); 14 – Ammostyphrus cerberus Reichardt, 1924; 15 – Chalcionellus amoenus (Erichson, 1834); 16 – Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa,1980; 17 – Ctenophilothis chobauti (Théry,1900); 18 – Eopachylopus ripae (Lewis, 1885); 19 – Exaesiopus grossipes grossipes (Marseul, 1855); 20 – Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus) rugiceps (Duftschmid, 1805); 21 – Hypocaccus (Baeckmanniolus) dimidiatus dimidiatus (Illiger, 1807); 22 – Hypocacculus (Hypocacculus) metallescens (Erichson, 1834); 23 – Hypocacculus (Colpellus) praecox (Erichson, 1834); 24 – Hypocacculus (Nessus) rubripes (Erichson, 1834); 25 – Paravolvulus lateristrius (Solskij, 1876); 26 – Pholioxenus phoenix (Reichardt, 1930); 27 – Reichardtiolus duriculus (Reitter, 1904); 28 – Xenonychus tridens (Jacquelin-Duval, 1852).

Figs. 47–73. Saprininae, labral structures, dorsal view (left half showing external and right half showing internal structures): 47 – Alienocacculus neftensis (Olexa, 1984); 48 – Ammostyphrus cerberus Reichardt, 1924; 49 – Chalcionellus amoenus (Erichson, 1834); 50 – Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa, 1980; 51 – Eopachylopus ripae (Lewis, 1885); 52 – Eremosaprinus vlasovi (Reichardt, 1941); 53 – Euspilotus (Neosaprinus) perrisi (Marseul, 1872); 54 – Exaesiopus grossipes grossipes (Marseul, 55); 55 – Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann, 1792); 56 – Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus) rugiceps (Duftschmid, 1805); 57 – Hypocacculus (Hypocacculus) metallescens (Erichson, 1834); 58 – Hypocacculus (Colpellus) praecox (Erichson, 1834); 59 – Hypocacculus (Nessus) rubripes (Erichson, 1834); 60 – Microsaprinus therondianus (Dahlgren, 1973); 61 – Myrmetes paykulli Kanaar, 1979; 62 – Paravolvulus lateristriatus (Solskij, 1876); 63 – Philothis (Philothis) arcanus Reichardt, 1930; 64 – Philothis (Atavinus) atavus (Reichardt, 1931); 65 – Philothis (Farabius) hexeris Reichardt, 1930; 66 – Pholioxenus phoenix (Reichardt, 1930); 67 – Reichardtiolus duriculus (Reitter, 1904); 68 – Saprinus (Saprinus) semistriatus (Scriba, 1790); 69 – Saprinus (Hemisaprinus) subvirescens (Ménétries, 1832); 70 – Saprinus (Phaonius) pharao (Marseul, 1855); 71 – Styphrus corpulentus Motschulsky, 1845; 72 – Xenonychus tridens (Jacquelin-Duval, 1852); 73 – Xenophilothis choumovitchi (Thérond, 1965).

Figs. 109–141. Saprininae, anterior margin of mentum, ventral view: 109 – Alienocacculus neftensis (Olexa, 1984); 110 – Ammostyphrus cerberus Reichardt, 1924; 111 – Axelinus ghilarovi Kryzhanovskij, 1976; 112 – Chalcionellus amoenus (Erichson, 1834); 113 – Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa, 1980; 114 – Ctenophilotis chobauti (Théry, 1900); 115 – Eopachylopus ripae (Lewis, 1885); 116 – Eremosaprinus vlasovi (Reichardt, 1941); 117 – Euspilotus (Neosaprinus) perrisi (Marseul, 1872); 118 – Exaesiopus grossipes grossipes (Marseul, 1855); 119 – Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann, 1792); 120 – Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus) rugiceps (Duftschmid, 1805); 121 – Hypocaccus (Baeckmanniolus) dimidiatus dimidiatus (Illiger, 1807); 122 – Hypocacculus (Hypocacculus) metallescens (Erichson, 1834); 123 – Hypocacculus (Colpellus) praecox (Erichson, 1834); 124 – Hypocacculus (Nessus) rubripes (Erichson, 1834); 125 – Microsaprinus therondianus (Dahlgren, 1973); 126 – Myrmetes paykulli Kanaar, 1979; 127 – Paravolvulus ovillum (Solskij, 1876); 128 – Philothis (Philothis) arcanus Reichardt, 1930; 129 – Philothis (Atavinus) atavus (Reichardt, 1931); 130 – Philothis (Farabius) hexeris Reichardt, 1930; 131 – Pholioxenus phoenix (Reichardt, 1930); 132 – Reichardtiolus duriculus (Reitter, 1904); 133 – Saprinillus paromaloides Kryzhanovskij, 1974; 134 – Saprinus (Saprinus) semistriatus (Scriba, 1790); 135 – Saprinus (Hemisaprinus) subvirescens (Ménétries, 1832); 136 – Saprinus (Phaonius) pharao (Marseul, 1855); 137 – Styphrus corpulentus Motschulsky, 1845; 138 – Turanostyphrus ignoratus Tishechkin, 2005; 139 – Xenonychus tridens (Jacquelin-Duval, 1852); 140 – Xenophilotis choumovitchi (Thérond, 1965); 141 – Zorius funereus (Schmidt, 1890).

Figs. 593–603. Reichardtiolus duriculus (Reitter, 1904), SEM micrographs: 593 – habitus, dorsal view; 594 – ditto, ventral view; 595 – antennal club, dorsal view; 596 – head, dorsal view; 597 – ditto, ventral view; 598 – prosternum; 599 – mesoventrite; 600 – lateral disc of metaventrite, metepisternum and fused metepimeron; 601 – mesotibia, dorsal view; 602 – metatibia, ventral view; 603 – protibia, dorsal view.

Figs. 604–610. Reichardtiolus duriculus (Reitter, 1904), male terminalia: 604 – 8th sternite and tergite, ventral view; 605 – ditto, dorsal view; 606 – ditto, lateral view; 607 – 9th tergite, 10th tergite (dorsal view) and spiculum gastrale (ventral view); 608 – 9th tergite, 10th tergite and spiculum gastrale, lateral view; 609 – aedeagus, dorsal view; 610 – ditto, lateral view.

Figs. 168–173. Saprininae, male terminalia, schematic: 168 – 8th sternite, ventral view; 169 – 8th sternite and tergite, dorsal view; 170 – ditto, lateral view; 171 – ninth tergites and tenth tergite, dorsal view; 172 – spiculum gastrale (10th sternite), ventral view; 173 – aedeagus, dorsal view.

Figs. 462–470. Hypocaccus (Baeckmanniolus) dimidiatus dimidiatus (Illiger, 1807), male terminalia: 462 – 8th sternite and tergite, ventral view; 463 – ditto, dorsal view; 464 – ditto, lateral view; 465 – 9th tergite, 10th tergite, dorsal view; 466 – ditto, lateral view; 467 – aedeagus, dorsal view; 468 – ditto, lateral view; 469 – spiculum gastrale, ventral view; 470 – ditto, lateral view.

Figs.99–107.Saprininae, mandibles,ventral view:99 – Philothis (Farabius) hexeris Reichardt, 1930; 100 – Pholioxenus phoenix (Reichardt,1930); 101 – Reichardtiolus duriculus (Reitter, 1904); 102 – Saprinus (Saprinus) semistriatus (Scriba, 1790); 103 – Saprinus (Hemisaprinus) subvirescens (Ménétries, 1832); 104 – Saprinus (Phaonius) pharao (Marseul, 1855); 105 – Styphrus corpulentus Motschulsky, 1845; 106 – Xenonychus tridens (Jacquelin-Duval, 1852); 107 – Xenophilothis choumovitchi (Thérond, 1965).