Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa, 1980

Lackner, Tomáš, 2010, Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 50, pp. 1-254 : 86-89

Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa, 1980

( Figs. 16 , 50 , 84 , 113 , 248–265 )

Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa, 1980: 254 , Figs. 1–9 .

Chivaenius kryzhanovskii: MAZUR (1984) : 91; MAZUR (1997): 256; MAZUR (2004): 91.

Type locality. Uzbekistan, Khiva.

Type material. PARATYPES: ♁, ‘Chiva [= Khiva] / Karakum / Uzbek. 3.v. / A. Olexa 1978 (printed) // Tamarix [printed] // PARATYPUS [red label, written] // Chivaenius / kryzhanovski / A. Olexa det. [red label, printed-written] // D07-018 [pink label, written]’; ♁, ditto, but with blue [instead of pink] label ‘06-024 ’; 3 spec., ditto, but without additional pink or blue labels ( TLAN) .

Additional material examined. UZBEKISTAN: 6 spec., ditto as paratypes, but 1.–5.v.1979 ( TLAN).

Redescription. Body length: PEL: 2.25–3.00 mm; APW: 0.775–1.00 mm; PPW: 1.75–2.375 mm; EL: 1.50–2.00 mm; EW: 1.95–2.575 mm.

Body ( Figs. 248–249 ) rectangular oval, strongly convex; cuticle castaneous brown with a feeble metallic luster; legs, antenna and mouthparts reddish-brown.

Antennal scape ( Fig. 251 ) gently thickened; with several well sclerotized moderately long setae; club rather small, round, without visible articulation, with short dense sensilla intermingled with much sparser and longer erect sensilla; basal sixth of club glabrous; eighth antennomere saucer-like; sensory structures of antennal club ( Fig. 16 ) in form of stipe-shaped vesicle situated under a large circular sensory area under apical surface of antennal club supplemented by another large sensory area under apical surface of club.

Mouthparts. Mandibles ( Fig. 84 ) with carinate outer margin strongly curved inwardly; mandibular apex acutely pointed; sub-apical tooth on left mandible large, almost perpendicular; labrum ( Fig. 50 ) sparsely punctate; labral pits absent; anterior margin slightly emarginate medially; terminal labial palpomere thickened, its width about half its length, apically truncate, sensory region wide; mentum square shaped, anterior margin ( Fig. 113 ) shallowly emarginate medially, with numerous long setae, lateral margins with one row of sparse shorter setae; cardo of maxilla with two long setae on lateral margin; stipes triangular, with four strongly sclerotized long setae; terminal maxillary palpomere thickened, its width about half its length, apically truncate, sensory region wide.

Clypeus ( Fig. 251 ) rounded laterally, anterior margin slightly elevated, somewhat depressed medially, with granulate punctures; frontal stria well impressed, carinate, straight, continued as carinate supraorbital stria, posteriorly connected as complete occipital stria; frontal disc flat, about twice as broad as long; disc with vague shallow punctures and vaguely marked longitudinal rugae; eyes flattened, inconspicuous from above.

Pronotal sides ( Fig. 248 ) almost straight on posterior tenth, thence moderately convergent forwardly; apical angles rather blunt, median incision for head relatively deep, almost straight in middle; marginal pronotal stria well impressed, carinate on outer margin, weakened behind head, along entire length visible from dorsal view; disc rather flattened, laterally shallowly areolate-rugulose, interspaces with microsculpture, punctation medially weakened, antescutellar area almost smooth, with only few scattered punctures; base of pronotal disc with a row of ovoid deep dense punctures; pronotal hypomeron glabrous.

Elytral epipleura smooth; marginal epipleural stria complete, well impressed and carinate; marginal elytral stria well impressed, apically shortly continued along elytral apex, next evanescent. Humeral elytral stria vaguely impressed on basal third; inner subhumeral stria present medially as a short fragment; elytra with four dorsal elytral striae 1–4, first the longest, reaching about half of elytral length apically; slightly curved inwardly; second and third dorsal elytral striae rather thin, about the same length, not reaching elytral half apically, fourth elytral stria the shortest, reaching about one-fifth of elytral length apically, basally connected with sutural elytral stria; sutural stria vaguely impressed, on apical half obliterated beneath punctation. Elytral disc (apart from impunctate flanks and elytral intervals), entirely with dense and coarse punctures separated by half to their own diameter, punctures confluent along on elytral apex.

Propygidium ( Fig. 254 ) completely exposed, about twice as broad as long, with large dense shallow punctures, along posterior margin punctures become sparser and confluent, interspaces with microsculpture; pygidium ( Fig. 254 ) convex, with smaller but even denser punctation; pygidial flanks smooth.

Anterior margin of median portion of prosternum ( Fig. 253 ) obtuse-angulate; marginal prosternal stria absent; pre-apical foveae small (can be completely absent in some specimens); prosternal process compressed, almost knife-like, dorsally concave; laterally finely strigulate; carinal prosternal striae absent (in some specimens vaguely present on prosternal apophysis); lateral prosternal striae well impressed, strongly convergent anteriorly, united in front near pre-apical foveae.

Anterior margin of mesoventrite almost straight, discal marginal mesoventral stria anteriorly weakly impressed; disc with sparse punctures separated by about 2–4 times their diameter; meso-metaventral sutural stria vaguely impressed in a row of large irregular punctures; intercoxal disc of metaventrite medially concave in male, longitudinal suture of metaventrite well impressed, disc microscopically punctate, posterior margin with few scattered punctures; lateral metaventral stria well impressed, carinate, curved outwardly, shortened; lateral disc of metaventrite concave, with scattered shallow punctures fringed with long setae, interspaces with microsculpture; metepisternum + fused metepimeron with long amber setae, punctation unrecognizable.

Intercoxal disc of first abdominal sternite almost completely striate laterally; disc almost smooth, posterior margin with a double row of small shallow punctures; all visible abdominal sternites setose laterally.

Protibia ( Figs. 255–256 ) strongly dilated, outer margin with three low teeth topped with large triangular denticles, followed by three to four minuscule denticles; outer row of setae completely absent on apical two-thirds; protarsal groove deep; protibial spur minuscule, almost unrecognizable; tarsus shortened, but not rudimentary; outer part of posterior surface ( Fig. 255 ) areolate-rugulose, clearly separated from smooth median part of posterior surface; posterior protibial stria intermittent but complete, terminating in two short inner posterior denticles; inner row of setae dense, setae short, ramose; apical margin of protibia ventrally with two short broad denticles.

Mesotibia ( Figs. 257–258 ) slender, outer margin with two rows of dense short denticles abutting each other; outer row of setae long, setae dense, well sclerotized; inner row of setae much shorter and sparser; posterior mesotibial stria intermittent, shortened apically; anterior surface ( Fig. 257 ) smooth; anterior mesotibial stria unrecognizable; inner margin with a single row of moderately dense short setae; mesotibial spur long, prominent, surrounded by numerous denticles on apical margin; each tarsomere ventrally with one long denticle and an additional minuscule sclerotized seta; claws of apical tarsomere thin, slightly bent, longer than half its length; metatibia ( Fig. 250 ) slender, slightly curved, in all aspects similar to mesotibia, but denticles on outer margin and setae of outer- and median rows somewhat sparser.

Male genitalia. Eighth sternite ( Figs. 259–260 ) on apical half longitudinally fused medially; apex laterally with dense brush of longer setae; eighth tergite and eighth sternite fused laterally ( Fig. 261 ). Morphology of 9 th tergite ( Figs. 264–265 ) typical for the subfamily; spiculum gastrale ( Fig. 264 ) expanded on both ends. Basal piece of aedeagus ( Figs. 262–263 ) short, ratio of its length: length of parameres 1: 3; parameres fused almost along their entire length; aedeagus apically gently curved ventrad ( Fig. 263 ).

Figures

Figs. 9–28. Saprininae, sensory structures of the antennal club (vesicles marked with grey; sensory areas shaded): 9 – Saprinus (Saprinus) semistriatus (Scriba, 1790); 10 – Saprinus (Hemisaprinus) subvirescens (Ménétries, 1832); 11 – Myrmetes paykulli Kanaar, 1979; 12 – Styphrus corpulentus Motschulsky, 1845; 13 – Saprinus (Phaonius) pharao (Marseul, 1855); 14 – Ammostyphrus cerberus Reichardt, 1924; 15 – Chalcionellus amoenus (Erichson, 1834); 16 – Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa,1980; 17 – Ctenophilothis chobauti (Théry,1900); 18 – Eopachylopus ripae (Lewis, 1885); 19 – Exaesiopus grossipes grossipes (Marseul, 1855); 20 – Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus) rugiceps (Duftschmid, 1805); 21 – Hypocaccus (Baeckmanniolus) dimidiatus dimidiatus (Illiger, 1807); 22 – Hypocacculus (Hypocacculus) metallescens (Erichson, 1834); 23 – Hypocacculus (Colpellus) praecox (Erichson, 1834); 24 – Hypocacculus (Nessus) rubripes (Erichson, 1834); 25 – Paravolvulus lateristrius (Solskij, 1876); 26 – Pholioxenus phoenix (Reichardt, 1930); 27 – Reichardtiolus duriculus (Reitter, 1904); 28 – Xenonychus tridens (Jacquelin-Duval, 1852).

Figs. 47–73. Saprininae, labral structures, dorsal view (left half showing external and right half showing internal structures): 47 – Alienocacculus neftensis (Olexa, 1984); 48 – Ammostyphrus cerberus Reichardt, 1924; 49 – Chalcionellus amoenus (Erichson, 1834); 50 – Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa, 1980; 51 – Eopachylopus ripae (Lewis, 1885); 52 – Eremosaprinus vlasovi (Reichardt, 1941); 53 – Euspilotus (Neosaprinus) perrisi (Marseul, 1872); 54 – Exaesiopus grossipes grossipes (Marseul, 55); 55 – Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann, 1792); 56 – Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus) rugiceps (Duftschmid, 1805); 57 – Hypocacculus (Hypocacculus) metallescens (Erichson, 1834); 58 – Hypocacculus (Colpellus) praecox (Erichson, 1834); 59 – Hypocacculus (Nessus) rubripes (Erichson, 1834); 60 – Microsaprinus therondianus (Dahlgren, 1973); 61 – Myrmetes paykulli Kanaar, 1979; 62 – Paravolvulus lateristriatus (Solskij, 1876); 63 – Philothis (Philothis) arcanus Reichardt, 1930; 64 – Philothis (Atavinus) atavus (Reichardt, 1931); 65 – Philothis (Farabius) hexeris Reichardt, 1930; 66 – Pholioxenus phoenix (Reichardt, 1930); 67 – Reichardtiolus duriculus (Reitter, 1904); 68 – Saprinus (Saprinus) semistriatus (Scriba, 1790); 69 – Saprinus (Hemisaprinus) subvirescens (Ménétries, 1832); 70 – Saprinus (Phaonius) pharao (Marseul, 1855); 71 – Styphrus corpulentus Motschulsky, 1845; 72 – Xenonychus tridens (Jacquelin-Duval, 1852); 73 – Xenophilothis choumovitchi (Thérond, 1965).

Figs. 81–89. Saprininae, mandibles, ventral view: 81 –Alienocacculus neftensis (Olexa, 1984); 82 – Ammostyphrus cerberus Reichardt, 1924; 83 – Chalcionellus amoenus (Erichson, 1834); 84 – Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa, 1980; 85 – Ctenophilotis chobauti (Théry, 1900); 86 – Eopachylopus ripae (Lewis, 1885); 87 – Eremosaprinus vlasovi (Reichardt, 1941); 88 – Euspilotus (Neosaprinus) perrisi (Marseul, 1872); 89 – Exaesiopus grossipes grossipes (Marseul, 1855).

Figs. 109–141. Saprininae, anterior margin of mentum, ventral view: 109 – Alienocacculus neftensis (Olexa, 1984); 110 – Ammostyphrus cerberus Reichardt, 1924; 111 – Axelinus ghilarovi Kryzhanovskij, 1976; 112 – Chalcionellus amoenus (Erichson, 1834); 113 – Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa, 1980; 114 – Ctenophilotis chobauti (Théry, 1900); 115 – Eopachylopus ripae (Lewis, 1885); 116 – Eremosaprinus vlasovi (Reichardt, 1941); 117 – Euspilotus (Neosaprinus) perrisi (Marseul, 1872); 118 – Exaesiopus grossipes grossipes (Marseul, 1855); 119 – Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann, 1792); 120 – Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus) rugiceps (Duftschmid, 1805); 121 – Hypocaccus (Baeckmanniolus) dimidiatus dimidiatus (Illiger, 1807); 122 – Hypocacculus (Hypocacculus) metallescens (Erichson, 1834); 123 – Hypocacculus (Colpellus) praecox (Erichson, 1834); 124 – Hypocacculus (Nessus) rubripes (Erichson, 1834); 125 – Microsaprinus therondianus (Dahlgren, 1973); 126 – Myrmetes paykulli Kanaar, 1979; 127 – Paravolvulus ovillum (Solskij, 1876); 128 – Philothis (Philothis) arcanus Reichardt, 1930; 129 – Philothis (Atavinus) atavus (Reichardt, 1931); 130 – Philothis (Farabius) hexeris Reichardt, 1930; 131 – Pholioxenus phoenix (Reichardt, 1930); 132 – Reichardtiolus duriculus (Reitter, 1904); 133 – Saprinillus paromaloides Kryzhanovskij, 1974; 134 – Saprinus (Saprinus) semistriatus (Scriba, 1790); 135 – Saprinus (Hemisaprinus) subvirescens (Ménétries, 1832); 136 – Saprinus (Phaonius) pharao (Marseul, 1855); 137 – Styphrus corpulentus Motschulsky, 1845; 138 – Turanostyphrus ignoratus Tishechkin, 2005; 139 – Xenonychus tridens (Jacquelin-Duval, 1852); 140 – Xenophilotis choumovitchi (Thérond, 1965); 141 – Zorius funereus (Schmidt, 1890).

Figs. 248–258. Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa, 1980, SEM micrographs: 248 – habitus, dorsal view; 249 – ditto, ventral view; 250 – metatibia, ventral view; 251 – head, dorsal view; 252 – ditto, ventral view; 253 – prosternum; 254 – propygidium and pygidium; 255 – protibia, ventral view; 256 – ditto, dorsal view; 257 – mesotibia, ventral view; 258 – ditto, dorsal view.

Figs. 259–265. Chivaenius kryzhanovskii Olexa, 1980, male terminalia: 259 – 8th sternite and tergite, ventral view; 260 – ditto, dorsal view; 261 – ditto, lateral view; 262 – aedeagus, dorsal view; 263 – ditto, lateral view; 264 – 9th tergite, 10th tergite (dorsal view) and spiculum gastrale (ventral view); 265 – 9th tergite, 10th tergite and spiculum gastrale, lateral view.

Fig. 1. Saprininae, biometric measurements.

Fig. 2. Saprininae, habitus, dorsal view.

Fig. 3. Saprininae, head, dorsal view, schematic.

Fig. 4. Saprininae, antenna, dorsal view, schematic.

Figs. 5–7. Saprininae, 8th antennomere: 5 – Paravolvulus ovillum (Solskij, 1876); 6 – Philothis (Atavinus) atavus (Reichardt, 1931); 7 – Turanostyphrus ignoratus Tishechkin, 2005.

Fig. 8. Antennal club of Saprininae showing three types of sensillum.