Corylus colurna (La Tourrette & Rozier, 1787)

Holstein, Norbert, Tamer, Sarah el & Weigend, Maximilian, 2018, The nutty world of hazel names - a critical taxonomic checklist of the genus Corylus (Betulaceae), European Journal of Taxonomy 409, pp. 1-45 : 17-20

5. Corylus colurna L.

Species Plantarum: 999 (Linnaeus 1753). – C. tubulosa var. colurna (L.) Risso, Histoire Naturelle des Principales Productions de l’Europe Méridionale et particulièrement de Celles des Environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes 2: 333 ( Risso 1826) nom. illegit. superfl. – Orignal citation: “Habitat Byzantii.” – Type: Herb. Linn. no. 1132.4 (lecto-, designated by Browicz 1972: 5: LINN!). – Note: Corylus colurna is recognized in the Flora of the USSR ( Bobrov 1936a), in the Flora Europaea ( Tutin & Walters 1993), and in the World Checklist and Bibliography of Fagales ( Govaerts & Frodin 1998) .

C. arborescens Münchh. , Hannover’sche Gelehrte Anzeigen 3 (61): 929 ( Münchhausen 1754). – Original citation: “Es ist bekannt, dass es an einigen Orten, als in Frankfurt” [am Main, Germany, in the garden of the Merchant du Fay ( Burchardt 1833)] (...) “Ich habe dergleichen selber bey mir”. – Type: not localized. – Note: the Frankfurt Hazel tree was very well known back then, and it was speculated that it was the same one that was introduced by Clusius in the end of the 16 th century that he obtained from the Austrian baron von Ungnad from Constantinople ( Goeschke 1887). The authorship of the name C. arborescens is not obvious, as the article is only cited as “S. im Jul 1753. M.”. However, the name C. arborescens is usually attributed to Münchhausen, the author of the horti- and agricultural book “Der Hausvater” who owned an estate called Schwöbber near Hameln in Lower Saxony, Germany. Given that the protologue is published in a journal from Lower Saxony, it is reasonable to assume Münchhausen’s authorship of C. arborescens .

C. byzantina P.Herm. ex Mill., The Gardeners Dictionary ed. 7 [unnumbered] ( Miller 1759) nom. inval. pro syn. – Original citation: “Byzantine.” – Type: not localized. – Note: Miller used this name in synonymy, as he did not adopt binomials until the 8 th edition of his The Gardeners Dictionary ( Miller 1768). There, Miller synonymizes C. byzantina under C. colurna . Originally, Miller cited Linnaeus’ Hortus Cliffordianus ( Linnaeus 1737: 448) and Hermann (1687: 121). The latter refers to Caspard Bauhin’s Avellana peregrina humilis ( Bauhin 1623: 418) and Jean Bauhin et al. ’s Avellana byzantina ( Bauhin et al. 1650: 270) , both of which were also cited by Linnaeus (1737). A cluster of nuts with deeply laciniate bracts is depicted in Bauhin et al. (1650), clearly what is nowadays regarded as C. colurna , and consistent to his later synonymization.

C. nana Tourrette & Rozier, Démonstrations Élémentaires de Botanique 3: 448 ( La Tourrette & Rozier 1787). – Type: not localized. – Note: the authors just gave description and the species’ origin, but do not refer to any earlier publication. However, given the origin and description, they mean the lowgrowing form of the Byzantine Hazel ( C. colurna ). Original material might be found in Claret de La Tourrette’s or in Rozier’s herbarium, both held at LYJB.

C. macedonica V.Cordus & Gesner ex Strelin, Realwörterbuch für Kameralisten und Oekonomen 4: 528 ( Strelin 1788). – Type: Germany, [cult.] in Schwöbber. [originally from Macedonia, cult. by Münchhausen in Schwöbber estate, Lower Saxony, Germany]. – Type: not localized. – Note: It was described as a tree in contrast to C. colurna that was, incorrectly, considered to be a shrub. Basically, this is another name for Münchhausen’s C. arborescens .

C. avellana var. glomerata Aiton, Hortus Kewensis 3: 363 ( Aiton 1789). – C. glomerata (Aiton) Nois., Manuel Complet du Jardinier, Maraicher, Pépiniériste, Botaniste, Fleuriste et Paysagiste 2: 464 ( Noisette 1825). – Original citation: “ Corylus nucibus in racemum congestis” ( Bauhin 1623). – Note: apparently a hazel from Macedonia [Balkan peninsula] growing as a tree with clustered fruits. Bauhin’s citations lead to a short description by Cordus (1561: 25 r) without a figure. According to the descriptions, this is C. colurna .

C. colurna var. avellanoides Spach, Annales des Sciences naturelles, seconde série – Botanique 16: 104 ( Spach 1841). – Type: Cult. in H[ortus] P[arisiensis], (E), 1834, s. coll., s.n. in Herb. Spach (lecto-, designated here: P06809956!).

C. colurna var. brachycarpa Spach, Annales des Sciences naturelles, seconde série – Botanique 16: 103 ( Spach 1841). – Type: iconotype, Watson (1823 –1825: tab. 99).

C. colurna var. leptochlamys Spach, Annales des Sciences naturelles, seconde série – Botanique 16: 104 ( Spach 1841). – Type: Cult. in H[ortus] P[arisiensis], 1841, s. coll., s.n. in Herb. Spach (lecto-, designated here: P06809951!).

C. colurna var. macrochlamys Spach, Annales des Sciences naturelles, seconde série – Botanique 16: 104 ( Spach 1841). – Type: Cult. in H[ortus] P[arisiensis], 1841, s. coll., s.n. in Herb. Spach (lecto-, designated here: P06809954!).

C. colurna var. trichochlamys Spach, Annales des Sciences naturelles, seconde série – Botanique 16: 104 ( Spach 1841). – Type: Cult. in H[ortus] P[arisiensis], Ménagerie, 1835, s. coll., s.n. in Herb. Spach (lecto-, designated here: P06809953!). – Additional original material: Cult. in H[ortus] P[arisiensis], 1827, s. coll., s.n. in Herb. Spach (P06809955!); cult. in H[ortus] P[arisiensis], Ménagerie, 1835, s. coll., s.n. in Herb. Spach (P06809955!); cult. in Hort[us] Par[isiensis], 1841, s. coll., s.n. in Herb. Spach (P06809955!); s.d., s. coll., s.n. (P06810646!, P06810647!).

C. cervorum Petrov , Byulleten’ Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii n.s., 45: 121 ( Petrov 1936). – Type: Azerbaijan, Karabagh, Querceto-coryleta in decliviis vallis fl. Khoross [Kores] superiori, alt ci[rc]a 1200–1400 m supra nivem maris, I. Petrov s.n. (holo-: not localized).

C. iberica Wittm. ex Kem. -Nath., Trudy Tbilisskogo Botaniceskogo Instituta 6: 11 ( Kemularia-Nathadze 1938). – Type: Georgia, Iberia, in sylvis montanis, Sep. 1843, Wittman 351 (syn-: not localized; isosyn-: BM!, K000859912!); Georgia, prov. Kuthaisi, Ratscha, Tschelischskaya datscha, 25 Aug. 1910, Fijenko s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, Ratscha, Teschelishis Udabno prope pag. Nikortzminda in calcar., 16 Sep. 1929, L.M. Kemularia-Nathadze s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, [no locality given], 20 Oct. 1937, L.M. Kemularia-Nathadze s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, Лес около сеп. Горолеша [in silva Gorolesha], иЗвестн [limestone], 20 Oct. 1937, L.M. Kemularia- Nathadze s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, prov. Tiflis, distr. Duschethi, fauces Gudamakhari, loc. Thchemliani, 1903, A. Fomin s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, prov. et distr. Tiflis, Saguramo, 25 Jul. 1917, L.M. Kemularia-Nathadze s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, Udzo, prope Tblisi, 16 Aug. 1937, L.M. Kemularia-Nathadze s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, distr. Manglis, prope pag. Prijut, 9 Jul. 1903, A. Fomin s.n. (syn-: TBI1006417!); Georgia, [without locality], 28 Mar. 1936, L.M. Kemularia-Nathadze s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, in faucibus fl. Algeti, 22 Aug. 1924, L.M. Kemularia-Nathadze s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, distr. Aghbulach in silva Gudarethi (in calcar.), 28 Aug. 1937, L.M. Kemularia-Nathadze s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, distr. Thionethi, Chisso, 29 Aug. 1935, I.I. Tumadjanov s.n. (syn-: not localized); Georgia, distr. Signach, prope pag. Lagodechi, 29 Sep. 1905, E. Koenig s.n. (syn-: not localized). – Note: the L.M. Kemularia- Nathadze’s specimen from 28 Mar. 1936 was not listed in the specimen list in Russian. Corylus iberica is regarded as a synonym of C. colchica ( The Plant List 2013) , but as Kosenko pointed out, it is more likely synonymous to C. colurna ( Kosenko 2002) in agreement to Bobrov (1936b). Corylus iberica and C. colurna are both supposed to growth as trees and share the clustered nuts with laciniate bract margins.

C. iberica var. glandulosa Kem. -Nath., Trudy Tbilisskogo Botaniceskogo Instituta 6: 15 (Kemularia- Nathadze 1938). – Original citation: “Вместе с типичной формой, часто.” [Together with typical form, common.]. No specimens cited. – Type: not localized.

C. abchasica Kem. -Nath., Zametki po Sistematike i Geografii Rastenii. Tiflis 35: 3 ( Kemularia-Nathadze 1978). – C. colchica var. abchasica Kem. -Nath., Flora Gruzii 3: 40 ( Ketskhoveli et al. 1975) nom. inval. (without Latin description). – Type: Georgia, Abkhazia, Abchazia occid., ad pedem merid. montis Arabica, in fruticetis subalpinis, ca. 6000 ft., G. Woronow 139 (holo-: not localized; iso-: TBI1005852!). – Additional type material: Georgia, Abkhazia, mons Karschlara inter montem Mamdzischcha et Kutysch ad rupes calcareas; jugum Bzibi, m. Japsu, 28 Mar.1948, N. Purtzchvanidze s.n. (para-: TBI1005851!, TBI1005853!); Georgia, Abkhazia, Tscherkesskaja polyana, 29 Jul. 1934, A.G. Doluchanov s.n. (para-: TBI1005849!); Georgia, distr. Gudauty, in jugo Chitsma, in monte “Lyssaja gora”, 27 Jul. 1929, M. Gubbis s.n. (para-: TBI1005856!); Georgia, Abkhazia, Suchum, in monte Apianča [Apiantcha], 29 May 1927, S. Petjaev s.n. (para-: TBI1005858!). – Note: There is a typographical error in the Latin translation of the specimen list of C. abchasica : the paratype collection of N. Purtzchvanidze is listed in the Latin section as being from March, but the month is written in Roman numerals on the sheets and in the Russian text, and so the forgotten “V” changes the original August (VIII) to March (III).

C. egrissiensis Kem. -Nath., Zametki po Sistematike i Geografii Rastenii. Tiflis 35: 6 (Kemularia- Nathadze 1978). – Type: Georgia, Megrelia, in silva montis Quibia prope pag. Salchino, 21 Jul. 1953, L.M. Kemularia-Nathadze s.n. (lecto-, designated here: TBI1006350!; isolecto-: TBI1006351!). – Additional type material: Georgia, Abkhasia, Prope Novi-Athoni [Novy Afon], angustiae Psychra, 300 m a.s.l., 24 Jul. 1934, A. Doluchanov s.n. (para-: TBI1006337!); Georgia, Abkhasia, Gagri ad ripas flum. Djovekwara, 16 Oct. 1939, W. Sherozia s.n. (para-: not localized); Georgia, Abkhasia, vicinis Gagri, 29 Jul. 1912, J. Gusev s.n. (para-: TBI1006334!); Georgia, Abkhasia, pag. Otradnoe inter Bzipi et Gegi [in hortis Otradnoe], 3 Jul. 1929, S. Saakov s.n. (para-: TBI1006339!); Georgia, Abkhasia, distr. Suchum, in m. Byrtsch, 4 Jul. 1927, s. coll.?, s.n. (para-: not localized); Georgia, Abkhasia, Gudauthi et Kaldachvara, 24 Jun. 1927, s. coll.?, s.n. (para-: not localized); Georgia, Abkhasia, prope som. Kamany, 29 Jun. 1930, S. Petjaev s.n. (para-: TBI1006336!); Georgia, Abkhasia, in fauces fl.September Gumista, 26 Jun. 1927, Nikolaev s.n. (para-: not localized); Georgia, Svanetia, prope pag. Chaischi [Khashi] in angust. fl. Tcheischi [Tkheishtshi] et Chaischura [Khaishuru], 23 Jul. 1937, L.M. Kemularia-Nathadze and A. Kharadze s.n. (para-: TBI1006345!); Georgia, Megrelia, vicinis pag. Salchino in angustis fl. Tzatschcuris, 20 Jul. 1953, L.M. Kemularia- Nathadze s.n. (para-: not localized); Georgia, Adjaria, distr. Batumi, angustiae prope pag. Macrial, 1908, I. Woronov and E. Bobrov s.n. (para-: not localized). – Note: the lectotype of C. egrissiensis was designated because the protologue does not indicate a herbarium, and there are two specimens in TBI.

C. kachetica Kem. -Nath., Zametki po Sistematike i Geografii Rastenii. Tiflis 35: 5 ( Kemularia-Nathadze 1978). – C. kachetica Kem. -Nath., Flora Gruzii 3: 40 ( Ketskhoveli et al. 1975) nom. inval. (without Latin description). – Type: Georgia, Pshavi: Angustiae Gometsari, 28 Jul. 1935, N. Ketzkoveli s.n. (lecto-, designated here: TBI1006504!; isolecto-: TBI1006505!). – Additional type material: Georgia, Kachetia, Лагодехи ущелье [Lagodekhi Gorge] р. Апцал [Aptsal river], 22 Aug. 1938, A.G. Doluchanov s.n. (para-: not localized); Georgia, ущ. р. Качал [gorge of Kakhal river], 10 May 1939, L.M. Kemularia-Nathadze s.n. (spara-: not localized); Georgia, Kachetia, Напареули, Дидихеви [Napareuli, Didikhebu], 12 Jul. [Aug.?] 1936, P.P. Zagareli s.n. (para-: TBI1006501!?); Georgia, Телавский район [Telavi district], около деревии Цагаури [near Zagauri forest], долина Турдо [Turdo valley], 1 Sep. 1958, S. Kutatenadze et al. s.n. (para-: TBI1006506!). – Note: The Zagareli specimen (TBI1006501) matches the locality and date except for the month (August instead of July as in the protologue). Possibly, there was a typographical error in the publication.