Lymantes scrobicollis Gyllenhal, 1838

Anderson, Robert S., 2016, A Taxonomic Revision of the GenusLymantesSchönherr, 1838 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae: Lymantini) in the United States Ofamerica, The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (1), pp. 111-124 : 111-124

Lymantes scrobicollis Gyllenhal, 1838 ( Figs. 1–5 , 14 , 19 )

Lymantes scrobicollis Gyllenhal 1838: 1086 . Holotype male (damaged; Figs. 1–2 ), “America borealis”, examined (SMNH). Sleeper 1965: 147; O’ Brien and Wibmer 1982: 85; Howden 1992: 12; Anderson 2009: 117.

Typhloglymma puteolatum Dury 1901: 243 . New synonymy. Holotype female “Batavia Junction, near Cincinnati, Ohio ” supposedly in the Cincinnati Museum Center, not found, not examined. Blatchley and Leng 1916: 523; Dietrich 1942: 178.

Lymantes puteolatum puteolatum: Sleeper 1965: 148 . O’ Brien and Wibmer 1982: 85; Howden 1992: 13.

Lymantes puteolatum dietrichi Sleeper 1965: 150 . New synonymy. Holotype female “Lucedale, Mississippi ” supposedly in Cornell University collection, not found, not examined. O’ Brien and Wibmer 1982: 85; Howden 1992: 13.

Lymantes arkansasensis Sleeper 1965: 151 . New synonymy. Holotype female “Washington- Benton County, Arkansas ” supposedly in Elbert Sleeper personal collection (type # 75), not found, not examined. O’ Brien and Wibmer 1982: 85; Howden 1992: 13.

Lymantes sandersoni Sleeper 1965: 151 . New synonymy. Holotype female “Champion Spring, Anapolis, Missouri ” supposedly in Illinois Natural History Survey collection (acc. 49572), not found, not examined. O’ Brien and Wibmer 1982: 85; Howden 1992: 14.

Diagnosis. Eyes present as small, curved row of 4–6 individually indistinct facets on slight ocular swelling ( Fig. 14 ). Punctures of body generally large, deep, closely spaced, those of pronotal disc deep, large, very closely spaced, distance between punctures much less than diameter of a puncture,

10–11) L. fowleri ; 12–13) L. obrieni .

many nearly contiguous with adjacent punctures ( Fig. 5 ). Punctures of striae of elytral disc large, deep, linearly arranged, interstriae distinct, much narrower than diameter of a strial puncture ( Fig. 5 ). Dorsal vestiture short and fine, each seta about as long as diameter of an elytral strial puncture ( Fig. 5 ). Legs rather robust, hind femora about 4X as long as wide, apex reaching slightly beyond suture between ventrites 2 and 3. Aedeagus as in Fig. 19 .

Description. Male, length 3.0– 3.3 mm, width 1.1–1.3 mm. Color dark red-brown to black throughout. Head globose, minutely finely reticulate. Eyes present as small, curved row of 4–6 individually indistinct facets on slight ocular swelling. Rostrum with antennae inserted slightly beyond apical 1/3 of length, slightly wider in dorsal view beyond antennal insertion, scrobes narrowly visible at point of antennal insertion in dorsal view. Rostrum about 0.6X length of pronotum, slightly arcuate in lateral view, dorsally deeply, densely punctate, punctures separated by less than their own diameter, row of punctures above scrobe coalescent, forming vague groove. Ventrally moderately densely punctate, punctures distinct, separate, with median posterior extension represented by narrow ridge, extended to base of rostrum between scrobes. Antennae with scape not reaching base of rostrum, funicle with articles 1 and 2 short, robust, subequal in length, articles 3–5 shorter, subquadrate, articles 6 and 7 wider than long, 7 distinctly wider towards apex. Pronotal width about 0.6–0.7X length, lateral margins slightly arcuate, widest at about midlength, subapical constriction not evident dorsally, impressed laterally as series of deep punctures, disc with punctures deep, large, very closely spaced, distance between punctures much less than diameter of a puncture, many nearly contiguous with adjacent punctures, each puncture with a small, fine, erect seta. Elytra about 1.6X as long as wide, lateral margins subparallel to slightly rounded from behind humeri to apical 1/4, humeri not pronounced, disc with striae with large, deep, linearly arranged punctures numbering 15–20 per complete discal stria, interstriae very finely punctate, shiny, much narrower than diameter of strial punctures, punctures each with a fine, erect seta, each seta about as long as diameter of strial puncture. Striae 1–6 complete to base, 7 and 8 fused opposite metacoxae, not continuous to base, stria 10 terminating opposite metacoxa. Venter deeply, moderately densely,

22) L. fowleri ; 23) L. obrieni .

regularly punctate, punctures well-spaced, except punctures lacking on ventrites 3 and 4. Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 very long, 1 about as long as ventrites 3–5 combined, 2 slightly shorter than ventrites 3 and 4 combined, ventrites 3 and 4 very short, subequal in length, ventrite 5 about as long as 3 and 4 combined. Legs moderately robust, sparsely shallowly punctate, punctures well-spaced, femora extended slightly beyond suture between ventrites 2 and 3, about 4X as long as wide, tibiae straight, moderately robust, about as long as femora. Tarsi slender, ventrally with a few setae, tarsal claws minute, fine. Aedeagus with pedon short, very slightly longer than wide; with internal sac with extensive internal sclerotization in form of a pair of distal arciform sclerites, basally with medial, U-shaped sclerite basal to an irregularly shaped, dark median complex; struts long, about 2X length of pedon.

Female differs from male as follows: length 3.1–3.5 mm, width 1.1–1.4 mm. Rostrum with antennae inserted slightly proximad of apical 1/3 of length.

Taxonomic Notes. One of the problems in treating the eastern North American representatives of this genus is the unavailability of type specimens, particularly those of Sleeper (1965). Sleeper described two new species ( L. arkansasensis and L. sandersoni ) and one new subspecies ( L. puteolatum dietrichi ) but only a male paratype of L. puteolatum dietrichi deposited in the USNM can be located. Sleeper (1965) had recorded the holotype of L. puteolatum dietrichi as in Cornell University but staff there were unable to find it. Similarly, the holotype of L. sandersoni reportedly in the Illinois Natural History Survey (with the accession number 49572) was not located by the staff. The holotype of L. arkansasensis is noted as in his personal collection (as type #75), but Sleeper’ s collection, slated to be deposited in the CASC, is not there yet and Sleeper himself has been (and continues to be) unresponsive to correspondence. The holotype of L. puteolatum supposedly in the Cincinnati Museum Center has been noted as examined by Sleeper (1965), but the same author failed to locate it in 1961.

Gyllenhal (1838) described L. scrobicollis from “America borealis”, and I have examined the holotype (badly damaged with no abdomen and broken appendages, pronotum attached with glue) housed in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stockholm. Sleeper (1965), followed by Howden (1992), identified L. scrobicollis as having elytra with an ‘obvious’ emargination behind the humeri, a character shared with no other Lymantes species and regarded as diagnostic; however, examination of the holotype shows that this is clearly a developmental artefact present only on the right side of the body, the left side being as in all other Lymantes specimens I have seen. In distinguishing his other species and subspecies, Sleeper (again followed by Howden) used the form of the venter of the rostrum, form of the intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite 1, form of elytral interstriae, and number of setae in the apical tibial comb as diagnostic of his taxa. No dissections were made by Sleeper. Thus, in the absence of types, I have examined specimens from throughout eastern North America and cannot see any patterns in these characters which might indicate presence of more than one species. Similarly, I have dissected males from throughout eastern North America and see no significant variation in genitalia. Thus, I consider there to be only one species present in eastern North America under the name L. scrobicollis .

Natural History. D u r y (1 9 0 1) d e s c r i b e d L. puteolatum from a single specimen collected in debris taken from a cavity at the roots of a large oak tree with the honeycombed center of the tree occupied by a nest of Formica pennsylvanica De Geer ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae ). Dury thought the species might be myrmecophilous, but based on numerous other collection records this appears not to be true. The type series of L. puteolatum dietrichi was collected from under bark (Sleeper 1965). One specimen in Alabama was taken from the gut of the salamander Eurycea lucifuga Rafinesque. Otherwise , specimens have been taken by general sampling in forest floor leaf litter.

Distribution. This species is known from the eastern USA in the states of AL, AR, FL, GA, IN, KY, MS, MO, OH, OK, and TN. The OH record is based on the holotype of T. puteolatum .

Material Examined. Holotype male ( NHRS), “America Borealis”. Alabama: Bibb County, Glades Pres., 33°03′27″N, 87°01′54″W, 2 May 2003, J.A. MacGown, soil and litter under cedars (3, MEM). Bibb County, Glades Pres., 33°03′26″N 87°02′02″W, 5 June 2003, J.C. Trager, J.G. Hill, oak-pine litter (1, MEM). Blount County, Oneonta, 14 Dec 1969, T. King (1, FMNH). Blount County, near Inland Lake, 28 Sep 1958, H.R. Steeves, forest floor debris (2, FMNH). Blount County, 1 mi. S.E. Blount Spring, 5 Apr 1967, S. Peck, berlese (1, CMNC). Hale County, Moundville Mound State Park, no date, S. Peck, A. Fiske (1, CMNC). Jackson County, 5 mi. N. Garth, 19 May 1972, S. Peck, berlese (2, CMNC). Jackson County, Nat Cave, 9 May 1972, S. Peck, ex Eurycea lucifuga (1, CMNC). Jackson County, 10 mi. N. Scottsboro, 16 May 1972, S. Peck, berlese (1, CMNC). Jefferson County, Crystal Cave, 2 Apr 1982, T. King, (1, CWOB). Jefferson County, Rocky Cave National Monument, 21 Sep 1958, H.R. Steeves, rock crevice debris (1, CWOB). Lauderdale County, Joe Wheeler State Park, 34°48′ 01″N 87°19′49″W, 27 May 2004, J.A. MacGown, J.G. Hill, soil and log litter in deciduous forest (1, MEM). Lauderdale County, Joe Wheeler State Park, 34°47′09″N 87°23′16″W, 26 May 2004, J.A. MacGown, J.G. Hill, soil and log litter in mixed forest (1, MEM). Marshall County, Creek Cave, 27 May 1958, H.R. Steeves, debris near entrance (1, FMNH). Marshall County, outside Merrill Cave, 1 mi. N. Guntersville Dam, 26 Jun 1967, S. Peck, A. Fiske (1, CMNC). Monroe County, Holly Mill Creek, 31°40′39″N 87°24′21″W, 27 May 1995. C.E. Carlton, upland deciduous berlese (1, CWOB). Monroe County, 1 mi. S. Claiborne Dam, 31°35′30″N 87°32′21″W, 31 May 1995. C.E. Carlton, beech/magnolia riparian berlese (2, CWOB; 4, LSAM). Monroe County, 1 mi. S. Claiborne Dam, 6 Sep 2005. A. Tishechkin, forest litter (1, CWOB). Monroe County, S.E. Franklin, 31°42′30″N 87°23′18″W, 29 May 1995. C.E. Carlton, beech/magnolia berlese (1, CWOB; 1, LSAM). Monroe County, Haines Island Park, 31°43′23″N 87°28′10″W, 31 May 1995. C.E. Carlton, beech/magnolia berlese (3, CWOB; 7, LSAM). Morgan County, 3.5 mi. S.E. Fayette, 21 May 1972, S. Peck, forest litter (3, CMNC). Arkansas: Conway County, Petit Jean State Park, 35°06′43″N 92°56′59″W, 5 Aug 2008, J.G. Hill, J.A. MacGown, hardwood forest litter (1, MEM). Conway County, Petit Jean Mountain, N.W. slope, 16 Apr 1988, C. Carlton, berlese pine-hardwoods (1, CMNC). Independence County, 4 mi. E. County Line on Hwy 14, 17 Apr 1978, R. Chenowith (1, CMNC; 2, CWOB). Montgomery County, 1.6 mi. N. Norman on Hwy 27, 15 Sep 1977, R. Chenowith (1, CWOB). Perry County, Cedar Creek Gorge, ca. 12 mi. W. Oppelo, 14–16 Oct 1999, E.G. Riley, berlese forest litter, steep wooded ravine (2, CWOB). Pike County, Crater of Diamonds State Park, 13 Aug 1988, R. Anderson, berlese hardwood leaf litter (2, CMNC). Polk County, 1.25 mi. N. Shady Lake, 34.3800 − 94.0266, 27 Apr 2014, L.E. Watrous, #1228 (12, CMNC). Polk County, 1.25 mi. N. Shady Lake, 34.3800 − 94.0266, 26 Apr 2014, L.E. Watrous, #1227 (3, CMNC). Polk County, Bard Springs Rec Area, 34.3899 − 94.0093, 24 Apr 2014, L.E. Watrous, #1224 (12, ASUHIC, BMNH, CMNC, USNM). Polk County, Bard Springs Rec Area, 34.3899 − 94.0093, 28 Apr 2014, L.E. Watrous, #1232 (1, CMNC). Polk County, Caney Creek Trailhead, 34.3978 − 94.0265, 25 Apr 2014, L.e. Watrous, #1225 (6, CMNC). Pulaski County, Pinnacle Mountain, N.E. Face near top, 22 Oct 1987, C. Carlton, berlese leaf litter (6, CMNC). Pulaski County, Pinnacle Mountain, N.E. Face near top, 11 Nov 1987, C. Carlton, berlese leaf litter (3, CMNC). Pulaski County, Pinnacle Mountain, N.E. Face near top, 26 Nov 1987, C. Carlton, berlese leaf litter (1, CMNC). Pulaski County, Pinnacle Mountain, near base, 22 Oct 1987, C. Carlton, berlese leaf litter (2, CMNC). Pulaski County, Pinnacle Ridge Estates, 2 km. W. Pinnacle Mountain State Park, 13 Mar 1989, R. Anderson, berlese pine-hardwood litter (1, CMNC). Searcy County, 0.8 mi. S.E. county line on Hwy 14, 27 Sep 1977, R. Chenowith, berlese mixed hardwood litter (1, CWOB). Sevier County, 5 mi. W. I-71 on Hwy 380, 25 Jul 1977, R. Chenowith, berlese hardwood litter (1, CWOB). Washington County, Devil’ s Den State Park, 11 Sep 1973, R. Chenowith, in crevice under debris (1, CWOB). Florida: Escambia County, Pensacola, University Western Florida campus, 20 Apr 1990, E. Menges, mixed forest (1, CWOB). Jackson County, Florida Caverns State Park, 8 Jun 1994, P.E. Skelley, leaf litter around rock outcroppings, cave area (3, CMNC; 8, CWOB; 11, FSCA). Jackson County, Florida Caverns State Park, 23 Oct 1988, M. Deyrup, (1, CWOB). Liberty County, Torreya State Park, 23 Oct 1988, M. Deyrup, (3, CWOB). Liberty County, Bristol, 14 May 2000, M. Deyrup, S. Cover, ravine in rotten wood (1, CWOB). Liberty County, Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines, 4 May 1996, P. Kovarik, berlese beech/magnolia forest litter (8, CWOB). Liberty County, Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines, 4 Apr 2003, P. Kovarik, J. Rheinheimer, berlese leaf litter (2, CWOB). Liberty County, Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines, 4 Apr 2003, R. Turnbow, beech/magnolia litter (1, CWOB). Liberty County, Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines, Travellers Tract, 21 Sep – 6 Oct 1996, P.W. Kovarik, unbaited pitfall trap (1, CWOB). Georgia: Decatur County, Experimental Forest Hwy 97 near Faceville, 1 Jun 2000, C.W. O’ Brien, P.W. Kovarik, berlese beech/magnolia leaf litter (1, CWOB). Indiana: Crawford County, Hemlock Cliffs, 38°16′29.40″ N, − 86°32′14.89″, 17 Apr 2013, Kyle E. Schnepp (1, FSCA). Kentucky: Edmonson County, Mammoth Cave National Park, Bruce Hollow, 24–27 Jul 1967, S. Peck, A. Fiske (1, CMNC; 1, CWOB). Edmonson County, Mammoth Cave National Park, Cabin Woods, 20 Mar 1976, W. Suter (1, CWOB). Mississippi: Tishomingo County, Tishomingo State Park, 34°36′21″N 88°10′45″W, 18 July 2006, J.A. MacGown, J.G. Hill, litter in mixed forest (1, MEM). Lucedale, 4.XII.1930, H. Dietrich ( USNM; male paratype of L. puteolatum dietrichi ). Missouri: Barry County, Sweet Potato Cave, 18 Mar 1979, J.E. Gardner, clinging to underside of stick in total darkness (1, CMNC). Oklahoma: McCurtain County, Beaver Bend State Park, 27–31 Jul 1968, W. Suter, litter at log buttress (4, CWOB; 1, LSAM). Tennessee: Davidson County, Nashville, 12 April 1973, D.N. Gwaltney (1, MEM). Hamilton County, 35.0052, − 85.3648, Chattanooga Nature Center, Bioblitz, 30.iv.-1.v.2010, ex leaf litter, Chatzimanolis & Murphy (1, CMNC). Knox County, Knoxville, University Farm, 14 May 1956, no collector (1, CMNC).

Figures

Figs. 1–3. Lymantes scrobicollis, holotype male. 1) Habitus, lateral view; 2) Habitus, dorsal view; 3) Labels.

Figs. 4–13. Lymantes species, lateral and dorsal habitus. 4–5) L. scrobicollis; 6–7) L. repens; 8–9) L. nadineae;

Figs. 14–18. Lymantes species, head, lateral view. 14) L. scrobicollis; 15) L. repens; 16) L. nadineae; 17) L. fowleri; 18) L. obrieni.

Figs. 19–23. Lymantes species, male aedeagus, dorsal view. 19) L. scrobicollis; 20) L. repens; 21) L. nadineae;