Panopides Pascoe

Setliff, Gregory P., 2008, Revision of the Genus Panopides Pascoe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae), The Coleopterists Bulletin 62 (1), pp. 83-98 : 83-98

Panopides Pascoe

Panopides Pascoe 1871: 200 [description]; Lyal 1993: 56; Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal 1999. Type species: Panopides anticus Pascoe 1871 by monotypy. Type locality: Sulawesi.

Diagnosis. Panopides has a crown-like carina on the vertex of the head ( Fig. 1 ), an abrupt anterior constriction of the pronotal disk, the elytra and pronotum subequal in width at the base, an elevated and granulate longitudinal prominence on the third elytra interval, and elongate, apodeme-like basal sclerites of the endophallus. All of these characters place it within the crowned weevil group of genera and distinguish it from all other weevil genera. Panopides can be separated from the other crowned weevil genera by the combination of its strongly foveate elytra, very long, gracile legs, relatively large mesepisternum, and large scutellum that is noticeably broader than long. Panopides is most similar to Nothotragopus , the females of which can be difficult to differentiate from those of Panopides . Nothotragopus differs from Panopides by its comparatively shallow elytral punctures, dorsal vestiture mainly comprised of closely appressed circular squamae, dorsomedial carinae on the pronotal disk are well developed and extending past the midline, tenth elytral stria is restricted to the basal one-third of the elytra, a smaller, subquadrate to circular scutellum, and its mesepisternum is at least half the size of the mesepisternum in Panopides . All known specimens of male Nothotragopus have the median granule at the base of the rostrum much more developed and horn-like than in Panopides .

Redescription. Length 6.2–9.0 mm, width 2.5–4.1 mm. Integument black, antennae and tarsi reddish-brown. Densely clothed in small, primarily dark brown squamae ranging to pale white in macula. Ventral portion of head, ventral and dorsal apex of rostrum, and antennae glabrate to glabrous. Pleura, legs, and venter densely clothed in slightly larger scales than on dorsum, interspersed with long, semierect scales on legs paler in color than background scales. Head visible from above; eyes large, finely faceted; interocular distance narrower than subbasal width of rostrum; vertex of head above eyes with fine subcordate, crown-like carina. Crown narrow, not much wider than interocular space, open and obscured by scales at back of head, sometimes faint or absent in abraded specimens ( Fig. 1 ). Rostrum parallel sided to subapex, moderately widened and depressed at apex, as long as or slightly longer than pronotum, weakly arcuate or straight for basal two-thirds and bent at apical third; basal half of male rostrum to antennal insertions rugose, with suprascrobal carinae well developed and small granule medially on base of rostrum. Antennae inserted beyond middle of rostrum in both sexes; scrobe mostly concealed beneath sides of rostrum; scape not reaching eye, funicular articles 1 and 2 each longer than any remaining articles, article 7 as broad as long, larger and more densely setose than previous articles; club oval to elongate-elliptical ( Fig. 44 ). Thorax. Pronotum as broad as long, slightly longer in larger specimens, broadest at middle, abruptly constricted 86 towards head, coarsely punctate and set with shiny granules, each granule bearing anteriorly directed decumbent seta. Anterior pronotal margin with very short, fine, dorsomedial carina, obsolete on some specimens. Middle of basal pronotal margin slightly produced posteriad, occupying prescutellar space. Postocular lobes well developed with fine vibrissae covering posteroventral portion of eye when head in repose ( Fig. 1 ). Lateral margins and sides of prosternal canal squamose, canal ceiling glabrate to glabrous. Mesosternal receptacle shallow, widely open behind, lateral walls of receptacle ventrally and anteriorly produced, closely approximate to procoxae ( Fig. 43 ). Posterior margin of receptacle reaching middle of mesocoxae. Scutellum larger than adjacent elytral punctures, usually squamose, shape variable, oval to elliptical, always broader than long, only slightly protuberant. Elytra and pronotum strongly convex in lateral view, such that scutellum on significantly lower plane; base slightly sinuate, humeri subcontiguous with posterolateral sides of pronotum, steeply declivous past midline. Ten elytral striae visible, tenth stria greatly reduced but traceable to apex; striae foveate with punctures very large, circular, and deep, each bearing one decumbent seta. Basal transverse row of punctures on elytral disk to humeri with punctures more elongate and deeper than remaining punctures; each basal puncture usually comprised of two, sometimes three imperfectly fused punctures. Elytral intervals moderately to strongly convex, granulate; granules shiny, each bearing one decumbent seta. Interval 3 with multigranulate, longitudinal prominence elevated above all other intervals, starting near base and terminating at declivity. Pleural sclerites with margins entire; lateral portion of mesosternum rectangular; mesepisternum triangular, relatively large (compared to other crowned weevil genera); sides of mesepimeron subparallel; metepisternum not concealed by elytra, sclerolepidia not observed on anapleural suture; posterior margin of lateral portion of metasternum depressed anterior to metacoxa, resulting ventrolateral ridge slightly produced ventrad ( Fig. 45 ). Meso- and metacoxae separated by at least one-half length of mesocoxa or greater. Legs long and gracile, hind femur exceeding elytral apex by at least one-third its length, mesofemur reaching or exceeding elytral apex. All femora sublinear, not strongly sulcate beneath, with small subapical ventral denticle. Tibia weakly compressed, sublinear, with well developed uncus, and oblique, almost longitudinal setal brush of short, stout bristles near apex. Protibia moderately to strongly curved in some males (in 2 of 3 spp.), with ventral margin of protibia in males curved, bearing well developed setal brush comprised of long hair-like setae ( Figs. 12–13 ). Tarsi pilose, tarsomere 1 longer than 2 + 3, tarsomere 2 trapezoidal, strongly depressed. Abdomen. Basalmost visible segment (ventrite 1) as long as remainder of abdomen (ventrites 2–5) and on distinctly lower plane, intercoxal process broadly Vshaped, narrower than total length of ventrite 1. Ventrites 2–4 subequal in length, ventrite 5 nearly twice as broad as long. Tergite VII of both sexes with 10–12 pairs of plectral tubercles, each bearing a short, stout seta, arranged in 2 longitudinal glabrous rows on either side of midline, stridulatory file not observed. Male tergite VII broader than long, posterior margin variously emarginate, plectral rows reaching posterior margin ( Figs. 19 , 30 , 41 ); female tergite VII longer than broad, posterior margin broadly convex, plectral rows not reaching posterior margin ( Figs. 24 , 35 ). Male terminalia. Spiculum gastrale variable in length and development of apical arms ( Figs. 18 , 29 , 40 ). Tegmen with parameres undeveloped ( Figs. 20 , 31 , 42 ). Body of aedeagus (5 median lobe of authors) one-fourth to one-third as long as apodemes, weakly curved; apodemes and body united. Endophallus with inverted Y-shaped apical sclerite, pair of small sclerites more or less in middle, and pair of elongate apodeme-like basal sclerites ( Figs. 16, 17 , 27, 28 , 38, 39 ). Female terminalia. Walls of vagina moderately sclerotized, with small internal sclerite at junction of spermathecal duct and common oviduct; bursa diverging from vagina closer to apex than vaginal sclerite. Tergite VIII longer than broad, apex rounded, margin smooth, with many short, stout setae arising submarginally on ventral and dorsal surfaces, weakly sclerotized medially from base to past midline ( Figs. 23 , 34 ). Sternite VIII with elongate apodeme, apical plate tapering at base, bearing two patches of 6–8 long apical setae ( Fig. 25 , 36 ). Spermatheca slender, falciform ( Figs. 22 , 33 ). Hemisternites elongate, narrow, subcylindrical; styli 3.5 times as long as broad, cylindrical, apically setose with very short setae ( Figs. 21 , 32 ).

Remarks. The three species included in this genus fall into two distinct species groups. Panopides anticus and P. philippinicus new combination group together based on the curved male protibia with a dense setal brush on the ventral margin. The third species, P. riedeli new species, is quite distinct from its congeners in both external and internal morphology and lacks the modifications of the male protibia, despite the fact that it is geographically closest to P. anticus (both from Sulawesi).

Distribution. Philippines and Indonesia (Sulawesi).

Figures

Fig. 1. Detail of female head and rostrum of Panopides anticus, frontal view.

Figs. 43–45. Panopides riedeli. 43) venter, hatched lines on coxae indicate legs removed

Figs. 12–14. Right male prothoracic leg of Panopides species, anterior view. 12) P. anticus; 13) P. philippinicus; 14) P. riedeli. Scale line 5 1.0 mm.

Figs. 15–20. Male terminalia of Panopides anticus. 15) tergite VIII and sternite VIII, ventral view; 16) aedeagus, lateral view, tegmen removed; 17) aedeagus, ventral view, tegmen removed; 18) spiculum gastrale, ventral view; 19) tergite 7, dorsal view; 20) tegmen, ventral view. Scale line 5 1.0 mm.

Figs. 26–31. Male terminalia of Panopides philippinicus. 26) tergite VIII and sternite VIII,ventral view; 27) aedeagus, lateral view, with tegmen removed; 28) aedeagus, ventral view, with tegmen removed; 29) spiculum gastrale, ventral view; 30) tergite VII, dorsal view; 31) tegmen, ventral view. Scale line 5 1.0 mm.

Figs. 37–42. Male terminalia of Panopides riedeli. 37) tergite 8 and sternite 8,ventral view; 38) aedeagus, lateral view, with tegmen removed; 39) aedeagus, ventral view, with tegmen removed; 40) spiculum gastrale, ventral view; 41) tergite 7, dorsal view; 42) tegmen, ventral view. Scale line 5 1.0 mm.

Figs. 21–25. Female terminalia of Panopides anticus. 21) hemisternites, dorsal view; 22) spermatheca, lateral view; 23) tergite VIII, dorsal view; 24) tergite VII, dorsal view; 25) sternite VIII, ventral view. Left scale line for Figs. 21–23 5 0.5 mm, and right scale line for Figs. 24–25 5 1.0 mm.

Figs. 32–36. Female terminalia of Panopides philippinicus. 32) hemisternites, dorsal view; 33) spermatheca, lateral view; 34) tergite VIII, dorsal view; 35) tergite VII, dorsal view; 36) sternite VIII, ventral view. Left scale line for Figs. 32–34 5 0.5 mm, and right scale line for Figs. 35–36 5 1.0 mm.