Leptopontia ferrolensis, Candás & Arbizu & Urgorri, 2013
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2012.757659 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03869134-A74F-FFB5-FE60-952FFCCAFAE1 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Leptopontia ferrolensis |
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sp. nov. |
Leptopontia ferrolensis sp. nov.
( Figures 2–8 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 View Figure 5 View Figure 6 View Figure 7 View Figure 8 )
Material examined
Holotype ♀ (dissected on five slides) and paratype ♂ (dissected on seven slides), coll. no. 10035 and 10036 respectively. Collected in 2008 and 2010 from the type locality. Undissected paratypes 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (coll. no. 10037) on one slide each, from Ría de Ferrol (north-west Iberian Peninsula; 43 ◦ 27.555 ′ N, 008 ◦ 20.199 ′ W; 11 m depth; coarse sand). Collected in 2010 from the type locality GoogleMaps . Paratype ♀ was stained with Congo Red for CLSM .
Additional material: 1 ♀ from Ría de Ferrol (north-west Iberian Peninsula; 43 ◦ 27.555 ′ N, 008 ◦ 20.199 ′ W; 11 m depth; coarse sand). Collected in 2010 from type locality, slide, collection of the Estación de Bioloxía Mariña da Graña GoogleMaps .
Description of female
Total body length from tip of rostrum to posterior rim of anal operculum: 600 µm (including furca: 670 µm) ( Figure 2B View Figure 2 ). Maximum width 90 µm measured at cephalothorax. Body somites with plain hyaline frill on posterior margin. Individual somites connected by well-developed intersomitic membranes. With dense pattern of integumental pits, present dorsally and ventrally on thoracic and abdominal somites; even present on first segment of A1, coxae and bases of P1–P4. Ornamentation consisting of sensilla and pores, as figured. Rostrum ( Figures 2B View Figure 2 , 3A View Figure 3 ) triangular, elongated, pointed. Posterolateral margins protruding near base. About 0.7 times the length of first antennulary segment; with two sensilla. Telson ( Figures 2B View Figure 2 , 6A View Figure 6 ) with dorsal operculum drawn out into median, posteriorly directed, thick, acute spinous process flanked by two large processes, longer than median one. Furca ( Figures 2B View Figure 2 , 6A View Figure 6 ) slightly divergent; outer distal corner prolonged as a posteriorly directed, dorsally recurved spinous process. Process about six times as long as basal width (measured in lateral view). With seven setae.
Genital double-somite ( Figure 6E View Figure 6 ) longer than wide, with dense pattern of integumental pits. Gonopores covered by two small plates derived from P6, each with two setae. Median copulatory pore located anteriorly between gonopores. Seminal receptacles paired.
Antennule ( Figures 2B View Figure 2 , 3A View Figure 3 , 8A View Figure 8 ) slender, seven-segmented, segment 1 longest, about 4.25 times as long as wide. With aesthetasc (about 115 µm) on segment 4, fused basally with two setae. With apical acrothek consisting of short aesthetasc (about 40 µm) fused basally with two setae. All setae bare except for plumose seta on segment 2. Armature formula:1-[1], 2-[8 + 1 plumose], 3-[5], 4-[2 + ae], 5-[1], 6-[2], 7-[6 + acrothek].
Antenna as in L. dovpori ( Huys and Conroy-Dalton 1996) : “coxa with two spinular rows. Allobasis elongate, about 3.8 times as long as maximum width; with three spinular rows and one backwardly directed seta. Exopod represented by small segment in transverse membranous area marking fusion plane of basis and proximal endopod segment; exopodal seta short, about as long as segment. Free endopod with three spinular rows along outer margin; two pinnate spines along inner margin; distal margin with one pinnate spine, three geniculate setae, and one spinulose seta fused basally to a small seta”.
Mandible as in L. dovpori ( Huys and Conroy-Dalton 1996) : “coxa elongate and curved, expanding distally into gnathobase provided with a series of small, curved teeth and recurved pinnate seta on the dorsal corner; with spinular row near implantation site of palp. Palp two-segmented; basis represented by swollen elongate segment, unarmed, with two spinular rows; endopod elongate, with one pinnate lateral seta and four naked setae (one with long setule) apically”.
Maxillule as in L. dovpori ( Huys and Conroy-Dalton 1996) : “praecoxa with rectangular, elongate arthrite; arthrite with one small seta on the outer margin, two long setae and one spinular row on anterior surface, and five setae plus a distally serrate spine around the distal margin. Coxa partly fused to basis; with small endite bearing one long seta. Basis with rami entirely incorporated; exopod represented by one small and one long seta; endopod represented by two setae; proximal and distal endites of basis with two and four setae, respectively”.
Maxilla ( Figure 3C View Figure 3 ): syncoxa with cylindrical endite bearing one apical seta and one subapical backwardly directed seta. Allobasis with two setae, one seta fused basally to one spine, and one tube-pore; prolonged like a claw-like, unipinnate endite.
Maxilliped as in L. dovpori ( Huys and Conroy-Dalton 1996) : “syncoxa squarish; unarmed; with three spinular rows. Basis unarmed, with spinular row on palmar margin. Endopod represented by stout, distally pinnate claw bearing small seta proximally”.
P1 ( Figure 4A View Figure 4 ): intercoxal sclerite small, transversely elongate. Coxa and basis with dispersed pattern of integumental pits. Basis with short, slender inner seta, and a short outer seta; with one spinular row near insertion of exopod. Exopod distinctly three-segmented; exp-1 with one spinular row, and a unipinnate seta; exp-2 naked; exp-3 with three geniculate unipinnate setae, increasing in length adaxially. Endopod two-segmented; enp-1 5.8 times as long as wide, and about 1.2 times as long as exopod; enp-1 with long serrate seta near proximal margin; enp-2 with one minute setule, two geniculate unipinnate setae, one about twice as long as the other. Length ratio enp- 1 / enp-2 about 3. Exp-1, exp-2 and enp-1 with well-developed hyaline frills.
P2 ( Figure 4B View Figure 4 ): intercoxal sclerite rectangular. Coxa and basis with dispersed pattern of integumental pits. Basis with one naked outer seta. Exopod distinctly three-segmented; exp-2 and exp-3 with hyaline frill; exp-1 with bipinnate seta; exp- 2 with bipinnate seta; exp-3 with three bipinnate setae, increasing in length adaxially. Endopod two-segmented; enp-2 with hyaline frill; enp-1 with unipinnate seta; enp- 2 with one serrate inner seta, one short unipinnate spine and one larger, recurved, bipinnate spine.
P3 ( Figure 4C View Figure 4 ): intercoxal sclerite rectangular, distinctly concave. Coxa with widely scattered pattern of integumental pits. Basis with a long plumose outer seta. Exopod distinctly three-segmented; exp-1 and exp-2 with hyaline frills; exp-1 with sparse pattern of integumental pits; with bipinnate seta and one spinular row; exp-2 with bipinnate seta; exp-3 with two bipinnate outer setae, one stronger bipinnate seta and one serrate inner seta. Endopod two-segmented; enp-1 with unipinnate seta; enp-2 bare.
P4 ( Figure 4D View Figure 4 ): intercoxal sclerite rectangular, distinctly concave. Coxa and basis with scattered pattern of integumental pits. Basis with spinular row near insertion of endopod; with slender naked outer seta. Exopod distinctly three-segmented; all exopod segments with hyaline frill; exp-1 with widely dispersed pattern of integumental pits, one spinular row and one bipinnate seta; exp-2 with bipinnate seta; exp-3 with three bipinnate setae increasing in length adaxially, and a serrate inner seta. Endopod two-segmented; enp-1 with bipinnate spiniform seta; enp-2 with hyaline frill; with one short unipinnate spine and one larger, recurved bipinnate spine.
Armature formula of female swimming legs is shown in Table 2.
P5 ( Figure 6E View Figure 6 ): closely set together, without intercoxal sclerite. With dense pattern of integumental pits on anterior half of basoendopod. Baseoendopod not fused medially, with moderately developed endopodal lobe, extending to distal margin of exopod, with two long setae. Exopod consisting of a small segment with one outer, one inner and one apical seta. Outer basal seta long and plumose.
Description of male
Male differs from female as follows. Total body length from tip of rostrum to posterior rim of anal operculum: 550 µm (including furca: 620 µm) ( Figures 2A View Figure 2 , 7 View Figure 7 ). Maximum width 80 µm measured at cephalothorax. Spermatophore ( Figures 2A View Figure 2 , 7 View Figure 7 ) about 95 µm in length. Antennule ( Figure 2A View Figure 2 , 3B View Figure 3 , 7 View Figure 7 , 8B View Figure 8 ) slender, nine-segmented, segment 1 longest, about 3.8 times as long as wide. Major geniculation between segments 6 and 7. With short aesthetasc (about 60 µm) on segment 5, fused basally with one seta. With apical acrothek consisting of short aesthetasc (50 µm) fused basally with two setae. All setae bare except for one plumose seta on segment 2. Armature formula:1-[1], 2-[8 + plumose], 3-[6], 4-[1], 5-[5 + ae], 6-[1 modified], 7-[1 modified], 8-[1], 9-[7 + acrothek].
P2 ( Figure 5A View Figure 5 ): enp-1 with naked seta. P3 ( Figure 5B View Figure 5 ): exp-3 with two unipinnate outer setae, one stronger bipinnate seta and one serrate inner seta. Endopod two-segmented; enp-1 with one spinular row; enp-2 represented by a barbed spine. P4 ( Figure 5C View Figure 5 ): enp-1 unarmed.
Armature formula of male swimming legs is shown in Table 3.
P5 ( Figure 6C View Figure 6 ): baseoendopods unfused medially. Baseoendopod with moderately developed endopodal lobe, unarmed; with long, plumose outer basal seta. Exopod represented by small segment with one outer, one inner and one apical short seta.
Sixth pair of legs ( Figure 6D View Figure 6 ): asymmetrical, with one segment fused to genital somite. Armature consisting of two slender setae.
Type locality
Ría de Ferrol (north-west Iberian Peninsula); 43 ◦ 27.530 ′ N, 008 ◦ 20.192 ′ W; 11 m depth, coarse sand GoogleMaps .
Etymology
The species epithet is the feminine singular Latin genitive of the type locality, meaning “from Ferrol”.
Remarks
Leptopontia ferrolensis sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus mainly in: (1) the presence in the telson of a median, posteriorly directed, thick and sharpened spinous process that is flanked by two large processes (exceeding in size the median one), (2) its large body size, (3) a pointed triangular rostrum with posterolateral margins protruding near the base, (4) the dense pattern of integumental pits, (5) the setation of A1, (6) the setation of the maxilla, and (7) the setation and ornamentation of P1–P4.
The median and lateral processes of the telson of L. ferrolensis sp. nov. differ from the other species of Leptopontia not only in the presence, shape, length and strength of the lateral processes, but also in the thickness and length of the median spinous process. This character could lead to confusion between L. ferrolensis sp. nov. and L. mediterranea , described from a copepodid V male collected in Calvi, Corsica ( Huys and Conroy-Dalton 1996), which also has two strongly marked lateral processes as in L. ferrolensis . This fact led Huys and Conroy-Dalton (1996) to consider it as a different species. Hence, L. ferrolensis could be confused with adults of L. mediterranea ; however, adult female specimens of L. mediterranea collected near the type locality (Pianosa, only 40 km away from Corsica) prove that it is a different species. The median spinous process of the telson of L. ferrolensis sp. nov. is longer, thicker and sharper, and the lateral processes are much longer ( Figures 2 View Figure 2 , 6A, B View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7 , 8C View Figure 8 ). Moreover, the furca of L. ferrolensis sp. nov. is clearly longer than in L. mediterranea ( Figures 2 View Figure 2 , 6A, B View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7 , 8C View Figure 8 ). These characters clearly indicate that L. ferrolensis sp. nov. cannot be considered as the adult of L. mediterranea . A more thorough comparison between these two species should be made in a redescription of the latter, for which adult males of this species should be found. For this reason, L. mediterranea will not be further considered in the following discussion.
The body of L. ferrolensis sp. nov. (including furca) is larger than in other species of Leptopontia : 670 µm in females and 620 µm in males, whereas the size of other species ranges between 300 and 600 µm in females, and between 330 and 600 µm in males. We have compared L. ferrolensis with individuals of other species of Leptopontia collected in the type locality ( L. cf. punctata and L. cf. dovpori ) and were able to confirm this size difference. In addition, we have also compared them with the specimens of L. mediterranea collected on Pianosa and the size difference between the females of these two species can be clearly corroborated.
Leptopontia americana and L. flandrica have a rostrum with concave lateral margins in its distal half. This shape differs from that found in the new species, which has posterolateral margins protruding near the base of the rostrum ( Figure 3A, B View Figure 3 ). The other species of Leptopontia lack concave lateral margins in the rostrum. Furthermore, the rostrum of L. ferrolensis seems to be more pointed than in its congeners.
All species of Leptopontia have a distinct pattern of subsurface integumental pits on the thoracic and abdominal somites, but at different densities. In L. punctata and L. mediterranea the pattern is dense; in the former, pits are also present on segments 1 and 2 of A1, on the maxillules and maxillae, and on P1–P4 (Huys and Conroy- Dalton 1996). This pattern is similar to that found in L. ferrolensis sp. nov., which is present not only dorsally and ventrally on the thoracic and abdominal somites, but also on the first segment of A1, coxae and bases of P1–P4, and on the female P5. Therefore, this pattern seems to be more extended along the body in L. ferrolensis sp. nov. than in other species of the genus.
The female A1 of L. ferrolensis sp. nov. differs from that of L. dovpori , L. punctata and L. flandrica in the number of setae on segments 6 and 7 (two and six setae, respectively in the new species, but three and seven setae, respectively in L. dovpori , L. punctata and L. flandrica ). The new species differs from L. breviarticulata in the number of setae on segments 3, 6 and 7 (five, two and six setae, respectively in L. ferrolensis sp. nov., but four, three and seven setae in L. breviarticulata ); moreover, in L. breviarticulata all setae are naked, but the other species of Leptopontia have a plumose seta on segment 2. Leptopontia americana was described only with males, so it cannot be compared. There is no type material of L. curvicauda , and the descriptions of the female given by Scott (1902), Mielke (1975) and Huys and Conroy-Dalton (1996) do not provide enough information about the female A1, so it cannot be compared either.
The male A1 of L. ferrolensis sp. nov. resembles that of L. dovpori and L. americana but segment 5 has five setae in the new species whereas L. dovpori and L. americana have six setae and two modified setae. Also, the new species has a single modified seta on segment 6, whereas L. dovpori and L. americana have four setae on this segment. In addition, L. ferrolensis sp. nov. has one modified seta on segment 7, whereas both L. dovpori and L. americana have three setae on the corresponding segment.
The male A1 of the new species differs from L. punctata and L. curvicauda in: the number of setae on segment 3 (the new species has six setae, L. punctata and L. curvicauda have seven setae), the number of setae on segment 4 (one seta versus two in L. punctata and L. curvicauda ), the number of setae on segment 5 (five setae versus six setae and two modified setae in L. punctata and L. curvicauda , respectively), the number of setae on segment 6 (one modified seta versus two setae and three modified setae in L. punctata and four setae in L. curvicauda ), and the number of setae on segment 7 (one modified seta versus three modified setae in L. punctata and three setae in L. curvicauda ). Leptopontia breviarticulata was described only from females, so it cannot be compared.
The antenna, mandible and maxillule of L. ferrolensis sp. nov. are as in L. dovpori , L. punctata , L. flandrica and L. americana . The maxilliped of the new species is as in L. dovpori , L. punctata and L. americana ; however, the maxilliped of L. flandrica differs in the absence of spinular rows on the syncoxa and the basis ( Huys and Conroy-Dalton 1996). The antenna, mandible, maxillule and maxilliped of L. breviarticulata show a different setation and ornamentation pattern when compared with the new species, L. dovpori , L. punctata , L. americana and L. flandrica (Huys and Conroy- Dalton 1996). The type material no longer exists and the descriptions given by Scott (1902), Mielke (1975) and Huys and Conroy-Dalton (1996) are insufficient, so L. curvicauda cannot be compared. The main difference among the maxilla from L. ferrolensis sp. nov. and its congeners is the presence of one seta fused basally to a spine on the allobasis. This character distinguishes it from the other Leptopontia species , and can be considered as an apomorphy for L. ferrolensis sp. nov.
The main differences of the new species and its congeners in terms of the morphology of legs 1–4 are related to the type of setae (unipinnate or bipinnate) and in the number of spinular rows. A male P3 enp-2 represented by a barbed spine as it occurs in L. ferrolensis sp. nov. is also present in L. dovpori , L. punctata and L. flandrica . The male P3 enp-2 is represented by a bifid apex in L. curvicauda , while in L. americana it is a bifid spine. The male of L. breviarticulata is unknown.
The presence of an inner bipinnate seta in P4 enp-1 is a common feature in females of Leptopontia . The absence of this element in males (except in L. americana , which presents a pinnate seta) is a sexual dimorphism. In the same way, another common feature in females of the other species of Leptopontia is the presence of a bipinnate spiniform seta on P3 enp-2. Examination of an additional female specimen of L. ferrolensis sp. nov. revealed the presence of a seta on P3 enp-2, hence the absence of that seta on the holotype needs to be considered as an accidental loss.
The genus is widely distributed, records include the North European coasts, the Mediterranean Sea, the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Shelf of North America. With L. ferrolensis sp. nov. there are five species of Leptopontia described from the European coasts of the North Atlantic Ocean ( L. dovpori , L. curvicauda , L. punctata and L. flandrica ). This is the first species described from the Ría de Ferrol and the first record of the genus in Spain. The accompanying interstitial fauna includes two additional species of Leptopontia ( L. cf. punctata and L. cf. dovpori ), one species of Stenocaropsis Apostolov, 1982 (Cylindropsyllidae) (to be described separately) and Meloriastacus ctenidis Huys and Todaro, 1997 ( Leptastacidae Lang, 1948 ).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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