Campsurus, Molineri & Salles, 2017

Molineri, Carlos & Salles, Frederico F., 2017, Review of selected species of Campsurus Eaton 1868 (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae), with description of eleven new species and a key to male imagos of the genus, Zootaxa 4300 (3), pp. 301-354 : 350-351

Key to male imagos of Campsurus

1 Pedestals touching each other basally or separated by only a short distance, less than 0.7× the width of a pedestal (e.g. Figs. 35 , 75 , 85 )..............................................................................................2

- Pedestals distinctly separated at the middle, by a distance equal to or greater than the width of a pedestal (e.g. Figs. 1 , 25 , 100 , 117 , 138 , 151 ).......................................................................................12

2(1) Pedestal with inner distal corner always more developed than outer corner; outer corner sometimes absent (e.g. Fig. 85 ).....3

- Pedestal with outer distal corner more developed than inner corner, generally forming a long parastylus (e.g. Figs. 53–59 )..6

3(2) FW <7 mm; penes blade-like, not curved ( Fig. 85 )............................................ .. C. povilla sp. nov.

- FW> 9 mm; penes variable, never blade-like, generally cylindrical or conical and always curved ventrally or medially.... 4

4(3) Penes with only one finger-like lobe, ventrally curved.......................................................................................... violaceus group (see Molineri et al. (2015a) for identification of the six valid species)

- Penes variable, but not finger-like, formed by two lobes (the ventral one may be reduced but always is visible)...........5

5(4) Penes flat, not curved ventrally, and located in the same plane as forceps......................................................................... albifilum group (see Molineri & Salles (2013) for identification of the five valid species)

- Penes curved ventrally, each lobe twisted outwards........................................................................................ major group (see Molineri & Emmerich (2010) for identification of the three valid species)

6(2) Pedestal very long, subrectangular; parastylus relatively short and rounded ( Figs. 75–76 )............... C. janae sp. nov.

- Pedestal large, but not as above; parastylus longer than above (e.g. Figs. 51–52 , 72 ).................................7

7(6) Penes large, with ear-like base and outer margin granulated ( Figs. 71, 73 ).......................... C. pereirae sp. nov.

- Penes variable, but never with granulated outer margin (e.g., Figs. 53–59 , 68–70 ).................................. 8

8(7) Forceps very short, surpassing the apex of parastylus at a distance less than half of forceps length ( Figs. 51–53 )............................................................................................... C. cuyuniensis Traver

- Forceps longer, surpassing the apex of parastylus by a distance at least 0.6× the forceps length ( Figs. 54, 56 )............. 9

9(8) Penes with spatulate apex ( Fig. 55 ); parastylus apically rounded ( Figs. 54–55 )..................... C. nessimiani sp. nov.

- Main lobe of penes apically pointed ( Figs. 36, 39 , 70 ); parastylus apically pointed (in lateral view, may be rounded in ventral view) ( Figs. 57 , 69 )...................................................................................10

10(9) Main lobe of penes relatively long and slender ( Figs. 35–36, 39–47 ).............................. C. essequibo Traver

- Main lobe of penes stouter, main lobe with wider base ( Figs. 56–59 , 68–70 )...................................... 11

11(10) Penes relatively slender at base; parastylus becoming abruptly thinner on apical third in lateral view ( Figs. 56–59 )............................................................................................... C. dasilvai sp. nov.

- Penes relatively wider at base; parastylus becoming gradually thinner toward the apex in lateral view ( Figs. 68–70 ).............................................................................................. C. zunigae sp. nov.

12(1) Sternum IX strongly projected distally (surpassing pedestals and covering the base of penes) ( Figs. 151, 159 ).................................................................................................. C. litaninensis Spieth

- Sternum IX not projected as above, never surpassing the pedestals ( Figs. 117 , 123 , 100, 103, 107 ).....................13

13(12) Paraprocts large, clearly protruding as in Figs. 108 , 122 , 123..................................................14

- Paraprocts of usual size and not protruding................................................................19

14(13) Sternum IX with broad posteromedian emargination ( Figs. 117 , 123 ), penes with long and relatively thin lobes ( Figs. 120 , 126 )................................................................................................15

- Sternum IX with straight hind margin ( Figs. 100, 103, 107 ) or with thin median notch (as in C. pedicellarius ); penes with short, subtriangullar main lobe and small, rounded secondary lobe ( Figs. 101, 104, 109 )................................. 16

15(14) Parastylus well-developed ( Fig. 124 )....................................................... C. indivisus Ulmer

- Parastylus absent ( Fig. 119 )............................................................. C. inusitatus sp. nov.

16(14) Sternum IX medially notched (see Spieth 1943: Fig. 15 ).................................... C. pedicellarius Spieth

- Sternum IX without such notch ( Figs. 100, 103, 107 )......................................................... 17

17(16) Penes dorsally with microspines on outer margin ( Figs. 108 , 111 )................................ C. demeni sp. nov.

- Penes smooth, without microspines as above ( Figs. 101, 104 )..................................................18

18(17) Parastylus long and slender, at least 2× length of pedestal ( Fig. 100 )..................... C. lucidus Needham & Murphy

- Parastylus short, less than 1.5× the length of pedestal ( Figs. 105–106 )............................. C. sinamari sp. nov.

19(13) Distal margin of sternum IX with a subtriangular distomedial projection, sometimes also with a small median triangular point ( Figs. 1, 9 , 25, 29 )....................................................................................20

- Distal margin of sternum IX straight, slightly concave, or with a small truncated median projection ( Figs. 138, 140 )...... 2 4

20(19) Main lobe of penes with a similar width along its length (Emmerich & Molineri 2011: Figs. 11–13 ); secondary lobe variable................................................................................................... .. 21

- Main lobe of penes subtriangular, wider at base; secondary lobe reduced in size ( Figs. 3 , 30 ).........................22

21(20) Penes with secondary lobe cylindrical and relatively long (Emmerich & Molineri 2011: Figs. 11–13 ); male fore wings 15.9– 20.5 mm ................................................................ C. vulturorum Emmerich & Molineri

- Secondary lobe of penes apparently absent ( Eaton 1871: Plate 4, Fig. 12 ), size unknown............. C. cuspidatus Eaton

22(20) Penes with dorsal margin smoothly curved in lateral view ( Fig. 26 )................................ C. salobra sp. nov.

- Penes with indented or sinuous dorsal margin in lateral view ( Figs. 4–5 )......................................... 23

23(22) Sternum IX projected medially but without an acute point ( Figs. 1, 9 )........................... C. latipennis (Walker)

- Sternum IX projected medially and with an acute triangular point (Emmerich & Molineri 2011: Figs. 33, 34 )........................................................................................ C. evanidus Needham & Murphy

24(19) Main lobe of penes slightly curved, conical; secondary lobe short, less than half the length of main lobe (Emmerich & Molineri 2011: Fig. 50 )............................................................ C. jorgenseni Esben-Petersen 1912

- Main lobe of penes strongly curved ( Figs. 139, 142, 143 ) and cylindrical; secondary lobe long (more than 0.6× the length of main lobe)..........................................................................................25

25(24) Main and secondary lobes of penes arising from a large membranous base ( Figs. 142, 143 )............. C. cotaxe sp. nov.

- Membranous base of penes smaller; secondary lobe arising basally from main lobe ( Fig. 139 )....................... 26

26(25) Smaller size (male FW max. length 9.8 mm), abdomen darker (brownish to reddish, Figs. 146, 147 )............................................................................................... C. segnis Needham & Murphy

- Larger size (male FW length 11 mm), paler abdomen (whitish to yellowish)........................... C. ulmeri Traver

Figures

FIGURES 35 – 50. Campsurus essequibo, imago. Holotype male genitalia: 35, general v. v.; 36, detail of penes, v. v. Female adult: 37, abdominal sternum VIII; 38, detail of sockets. Male imago: 39 – 42, genitalia, variations, v. v.; 43, genitalia after treatment with KOH; 44 – 47, genitalia, variations, l. v.; 48, male mesofurcasternum. SEM photographs: 49, genitalia, v. v. (with detail of microlepides); 50, detail of penes, v. v.

FIGURES 68 – 76. Male adults. Campsurus zunigae sp. nov.: 68, genitalia of imago, v. v.; 69, genitalia of subimago, l. v.; 70, detail of penes of imago, l. v. Campsurus pereirae sp. nov., imago: 71, genitalia, v. v.; 72, detail of pedestal, v. v.; 73, detail of penes, v. v.; 74, genitalia, l. v. (forceps omitted). Campsurus janae sp. nov., imago: 75, genitalia, v. v.: 76, detail of penes, l. v.

FIGURES 85 – 93. Campsurus povilla sp. nov., male imago: 85, genitalia, v. v.; 86, detail of pedestals, v. v.; 87, detail of penes, v. v. Nymph: 88, left mandibular tusk, detail of inner tubercles; 89, left mandible, occlusal view (the basal part and molae were displaced during slide preparation; 90, same, detail of apex; 91, right mandible, occlusal view. Female abdominal sternum VIII with detail of socket: 92, C. povilla sp. nov.; 93, C. zunigae sp. nov.

FIGURES 1 – 12. Campsurus latipennis, adult. Male imago: 1, genitalia, ventral view (v. v.); 2, details of pedestal, v. v.; 3, detail of penes and pedestals, v. v.; 4 – 5, penes, lateral view (l. v.); 6, genitalia, l. v. SEM photographs: 9, genitalia, v. v.; 10, detail of microtrichia on sternum IX; 11, pedestal, v. v.; 12, detail of penes, v. v. Female adult: 7, abdominal sternum VIII; 8, detail of sockets. Abbreviations: bp = base of penes, ml = main lobe of penes, mp = median projection of sternum IX, ps = parastylus, sl = secondary lobe of penes.

FIGURES 25 – 34. Campsurus salobra sp. nov., adult: 25, male genitalia, v. v.; 26, same, l. v.; 27, female sternum VIII; 28, detail of female sockets. SEM photographs: 29, male genitalia, v. v. (with detail of microtrichiae); 30, apical portion of penes, v. v.; 31, female sterna VIII – X; 32, female sockets (with detail of microtrichia); 33, egg, convex side; 34, detail of capped pole.

FIGURES 100 – 110. Male imagos. Campsurus lucidus: 100, genitalia, v. v.; 101, detail of penes, v. v.; 102, detail of pedestal, v. v. Campsurus sinamari sp. nov.: 103, genitalia, v. v.; 104, detail of penes, v. v.; 105 – 106, details of pedestal, v. v. Campsurus demeni sp. nov.: 107, genitalia, v. v.; 108, male terminalia, l. v.; 109, detail of penes, v. v.; 110, detail of pedestal, v. v. Abbreviations: ic = inner corner, ml = main lobe, p = parastylus, sl = secondary lobe.

FIGURES 117 – 122. Campsurus inusitatus sp. nov., male imago, SEM photographs: 117, genitalia, v. v. (g? = gonopore, mf = median furrow of styliger, ml = main lobe of penes, sl = secondary lobe); left mandible, v. v.; 118, detail of microlepides on sternum IX; 119, detail of penes and pedestals (note that penean membrane was broken during preparation); 120, detail of penean lobes, v. v. Line drawings: 121, male genitalia, v. v.; 122, male terminalia, l. v. (t. IX – t. X = tergum IX and X, s. IX = sternum IX, c = cercus base, p = paraproct, ml = main lobe of penes, sl = secondary lobe).

FIGURES 138 – 145. C. segnis, holotype male imago: 138, genitalia, v. v.; 139, penes, v. v. Campsurus cotaxe sp. nov.: 140, genitalia, v. v.; 141, pedestal, v. v.; 142, penes, v. v.; 143, penes, l. v.; 144, female sternum VIII with detail of socket. C. amapaensis: 145, partial view of female sternum VIII with detail of socket.

FIGURES 151 – 162. Campsurus litaninensis, adult: 151, male genitalia, v. v.; 152 – 153, details of pedestal, v. v; 154, genitalia, l. v.; 155 – 156, details of penes, l. v.; 157, detail of female socket, v. v.; 158, detail of pedestal, v. v. SEM: 159, male genitalia, v. v.; 160, detail of microtrichia on male sternum IX; 161, detail of pedestal, v. v.; 162, detail of penes, v. v.

FIGURES 51 – 59. male imagos. Campsurus cuyuniensis: 51, paratype forceps (CUIC 2434); 52, same but from another paratype; 53, male genitalia from French Guiana specimen (FAMU), v. v. Campsurus nessimiani sp. nov.: 54, genitalia, v. v.; 55, same, l. v. Campsurus dasilvai sp. nov.: 56, genitalia, v. v.; 57, same, l. v.; 58, genitalia, v. v. (SEM), with detail of microlepides on sternum IX; 59, details of penes, v. v. (SEM).

FIGURES 123 – 128. Campsurus indivisus, adult, SEM: 123, male terminalia, v. v.; 124, detail of pedestal, v. v. (p = pedestal, ic = inner corner); 125, detail of penes and pedestals, v. v. (bp = base of penes, g = gonopore, ml = main lobe of penes, sl = secondary lobe); 126, detail of apical portion of penes, v. v; 127, gonopores (g) at base of penes, v. v.; 128, microlepides on male sternum IX.

FIGURES 13 – 24. Campsurus latipennis, nymph. 13, head, d. v. (long setae omitted); 14, left mandible, d. v. (row of filtering setae indicated with dashed line); 15, right mandible, v. v. (filtering setae as in previous figure); 16, apex of right mandibular tusk; 17, foreleg, d. v. (filtering setae not shown); 18, foreleg, v. v. (only filtering setae are indicated, with dashed lines); 19, foretarsal claw; 20, middle leg, d. v.; 21, middle tarsal claw; 22, hind leg, d. v.; 23, hind tarsal claw; 24, paraprocts with spines indicated (arrow).

FIGURES 111 – 116. Campsurus demeni sp. nov.: 111, penes and pedestal, with detail of microlepides on sternum IX, v. v. (SEM). Campsurus lucidus (Bolivia): 112, male mesosternum (p = mesofurcasternal plate, im = inner margin of plate, L = leg); 113, female abdominal sterna VI – IX (g = gonopore and eggs, sk = sockets, roman numbers = number of abdominal segment); 114, same, detail after KOH treatment. Campsurus sinamari sp. nov. (KOH treated): 115, sternum VIII; 116, detail of sockets. Arrows indicate socket´s openings.

FIGURES 146 – 150. C. segnis (specimens from Venezuela): 146, male imago, abdomen, laterodorsal view; 147, female imago, abdomen, d. v.; 148, female head and thorax, v. v. (fs = mesofurcasternum, im = inner margin, p = mesofurcasternal plates, L = middle legs); 149, abdominal sterna (g = gonopore and eggs, sk = sockets, roman numbers = segment number); 150, detail of sockets (arrows indicate socket´s openings).