Parena (Bothynoptera) tripunctata ( Bates, 1873 )

Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), Zootaxa 5286 (1), pp. 1-144 : 67-70

[16] Parena (Bothynoptera) tripunctata ( Bates, 1873)

Habitus: Fig. 38 . Male genitalia: Fig. 39 . Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11F .

Bates, 1873: 314 (original: Bothynoptera ; type locality: Japan: Tango; lectotype in MNHN); Jacobson, 1907: 403 ( Bothynoptera ); Andrewes, 1930: 47 ( Bothynoptera ); Jedlička, 1951: 59 ( Bothynoptera ); Jedlička, 1963: 446 ( Bothynoptera ); Habu, 1967: 160; Habu, 1982: 114; Lafer, 1989: 213 ( Russia: Far East); Kryzhanovskij et al. 1995: 162; Park & Kwon, 1998: 36 ( South Korea); Kirschenhofer, 2006: 89 (Sichuan).

Crossoglossa piceola Chaudoir, 1877: 232 (type locality: Amur; lectotype in MNHN); Chaudoir, 1878: 152 ( Ceroglossa ); Jacobson, 1907: 403 ( Crossoglossa ); Jedlička, 1963: 441; Lafer, 1989: 213 (synonymized with Parena tripunctata ).

Type material examined. Bothynoptera tripunctata Bates : Lectotype (MNHN, Fig. 38A ), designated herein: male, body length = 6.9 mm, board mounted, "TANGO", " Bothynoptera / tripunctata / Bates ", "Ex Musaeo / H.W. Bates / 1892", "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR", " LECTOTYPE / Bothynoptera tripunctata / Bates, 1873 / des. SHI H.L. 2011" < Fig. 39B >. Paralectotype? (NHML): 1 ex, "Type" [round label with red circle]; " Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320", " tripunctata / Bates ". 1 ex, " Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320", "Ex coll. / Brit. Mus.", "Co-type" [round label with green circle]; " Bothrynoptera / 3-punctata/ Bates ", "H.E. Andrewes Coll. / B.M. 1945- 97.". 1 ex, " Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320", "Ex coll. / Brit. Mus.", "Co-type" [round label with green circle]; "H.E. Andrewes Coll. / B.M. 1945-97.".

Crossoglossa piceola Chaudoir : Lectotype (MNHN, Fig. 38B ), designated herein: male, body length = 6.4 mm, board mounted, "COLL. DE CHAUDOIR / 1874", " piceola / Chaudoir / Territ. de l'amour / D'Dybowski " [ex Chaudoir's box label, pinned under specimen now], "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR", " LECTOTYPE / Crossoglossa piceola / Chaudoir, 1877 / des. SHI H.L. 2011" < Fig. 39C >. Paralectotype (MNHN): 1 female, " PARATYPE " [red label], "COLL DE CHAUDOIR / 1874", "MUSEUM PARIS / 1952 / Coll. R. OBERTHUR".

Notes on types and synonyms. Bothynoptera tripunctata Bates : This species was originally described from an unspecified number of specimens from " Tanga " and "Kawachi". In the collection of MNHN, one male specimen from Bates's collection is perfectly in accord with the original description. We herein designate it as the lectotype ( Fig. 38A ). There are three other specimens in NHML from the collection of G. Lewis without a detailed locality label that may belong to the type series as well.

Crossoglossa piceola Chaudoir : This species was originally described from two specimens from "Amour", perfectly in accord with our examined two syntypes in MNHN. We herein designate the male as lectotype ( Fig. 38B ). This species was synonymized with P. tripunctata by Lafer (1989). After examining the types of both species, we found that they are only subtly different in the apical lamella of male genitalia (slightly narrower in P. tripunctata ), and the synonymy is confirmed.

Non-type material examined. Japan: 1 ex (MNHN), " Kumanotaira, pr. Karuizawa, 12 Aout 1907; Nippon Moyen “. 1 ex (MNHN), " Japon : Mt., IBUKT, pres, Gifu, 6-6-1910, Edme Gallois ". 1 ex (MNHN), " Japon : Yumo-, to pres Nikko , 23 Aout 1911, Edme Gallois ". 1 ex (MNHN), " Nasu , Jun 12 1949, T. Azegami. ". 2 ex (MNHN), " Nippon Moyen , Env. De Tokio, Et Alpes de Nikko , J. Harmand 1901". 1 ex (IZAS), " Mt. Takao , June 11.32". 1 ex (IZAS), " Japan : Honshu , Tokyo, Hachiouji , Ura-Takao , Hikagesawarindou , 222-256 m, N35°38’06.3’’, E139°15’08.4’’, 2007.V.9, Junhao Huang". 1 ex (IZAS), "Japan, Hiroshima, Garyuyama, 2001.8.6, Cai WZ, Li H. Lgt. " . Korea: 1 male (CMB), " 08.07.2010 / Mudeungsan, Gwangju (Suedkorea)/ leg T. Koelkebeck " . China: 4 ex (IZAS), " Liaoning, Anshan, Qianshan, Xianrentai , N40.99767, E123.12878, 500 m, 2008.VI.11, Huang Junhao lgt.". 2 ex (IZAS), " Beijing, Mentougou, Xiaolongmen, light trap, 1100 m, 2010.VII.23, Liu Biao lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Beijing, Yanqing, Yudushan, 850 m, 2009.VI.17, Zhou Dakang lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Beijing, Huairou, Baoshan, Sidaohe E. vally, N40.8871 E116.4456, 980 m, Shi Hongliang lgt. 2021.06.23 -26" < Fig. 4D >. 1 female (IZAS), " Beijing, Yanqing, Songshan, 2013.VII.9, Shi Hongliang lgt. light trap ". 1 female (IZAS), " Beijing, Yanqing, Songshan, 2014.7.25, Shi Hongliang lgt." < Figs 2E , 3D >. 1 female (IZAS), " Beijing, Mentougou, Xiaolongmen forestry station, 1100 m, 2017.VIII.16-21, Shi Hongliang lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), " Hebei, Zhuolu, Yangjiaping, 2002.VII.11-19, Shi Aimin lgt.". 1 ex (HBUM), " Hebei, Xingtai forestry park, 1998.VII.18, Wang Wei et al. lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Shanxi, Manghe nat. res., 2009.8.22, Yuan Feng lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Shaanxi, Ningshan, Huoditang, 1580 m, 1998.VII.26, Yao Jian lgt.". 2 ex (IZAS), " Shaanxi, Ningshan, Huoditang, light trap, 1580 m, 1998.VIII.14, Yuan Decheng lgt.". 1 male (IZAS), " Shaanxi, Ningshan, Huoditang, light trap, N33.43368, E108.44747, 1538 m, 2007.VIII.18, Shi Hongliang & Yang Ganyan lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Shaanxi, Ningshan, Huoditang, N33.43368, E108.44747, 1276 m, 2008.VII.8, Jiang Jianguo lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Shaanxi, Ningshan, Huodigou, 1580-2000 m, 1998.VIII.18, Yuan Decheng lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Shaanxi, Ningshan, Xunyangba, 1350 m, 1998.VII.29, Yao Jian lgt.". 5 ex (IZAS), " Shaanxi, Ningshan, Xunyangba, N33.55083, E107.83776, 1369 m, 2007.VIII.20, Shi Hongliang & Yang Ganyan lgt." < Figs 10E , 38C , 39A >. 1 female (IZAS), " Shaanxi, Zhouzhi, Houzhenzi, light trap, N33.85190, E107.83776, 1271 m, 2007.VIII.10, Shi Hongliang & Yang Ganyan lgt." < Fig. 11F >. 1 female (IZAS), " Henan, Nanyang city, Neixiang county , Funiu montain, Baotianman forest , N33.5145 E111.0280, 1340 m, 2020. VII.28, light trap, Zhu Pingzhou lgt.". 1 female (IZAS), " Anhui, Jinzhai county , Tiantangzhai town , Wuchuan forestry farm, 882 m, 2021.V.9, light trap, N31.2337 E115.6654, Zhao KD, Zhu XC lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Anhui, Yaoluoping, 2006.VIII, Ding Liang lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Zhejiang, W. Tianmushan, 500 m, 1998.VII.7, Wu Hong lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Fujian, Wuyishan nat. res., 670-1420 m, 2004.IV.24-V.13, Zhou Dakang lgt.". 1 ex (IZAS), " Yunnan, Longyang, Mangkuan, Baihualing, light trap, N25.29560, E98.80298, 1520 m, 2007.X.10-12, Liang Hongbin lgt." .

Comparisons. This species is easily distinguished from all other species of subgenus Bothynoptera by the small size and dorsum dark reddish brown without elytral pattern. It is similar to the smallest individuals of P. tesari , but differs from the latter in the much shorter tempora.

Description. Body length 6.4–7.4 mm. Dorsum reddish brown to dark brown, elytra and pronotum usually much darker than head, elytra without contrasting patch; legs, antennae, and mouthparts yellowish brown. Labrum quadrate, apex straight. Pronotum nearly cordate, PW/PL = 1.22–1.35, slightly wider than head in most specimens, PW/HW = 0.98–1.12, lateral explanations narrow; widest at anterior third, well rounded at anterior half, and then clearly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular with rounded apex. Elytra slightly dilated to apex, surface with or without isodiametric microsculpture; striae shallowly incised, with fine puncture rows; intervals with sparse punctures. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical two-thirds of mesotarsomeres 2 and 3. Median lobe of aedeagus very stout, in dorsal view apex distinctly bent to right; in lateral view ventral margin more or less expanded before middle; apical lamella thick and short, LL much smaller than LW, apex rounded-truncate; in lateral view apical lamella very weakly bent dorsally. Endophallus with squamate sac well divided. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, slightly shorter than basal width, apex concave near middle, with five or six ensiform setae, nearly evenly arranged.

Distribution ( Map 8 , red). China (Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan), Russia (Primorye, Sakhalin), Japan, South Korea.

Geographical variation. Most specimens from Japan have distinct isodiametric microsculpture on elytra, but those from China have no elytral microsculpture.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove.

FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm.

FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore.

MAP 8. Distributions for species in the Parena (Bothynoptera) tripunctata group.

FIGURE 10. Parameres of male genitalia for Parena spp. A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Shanghai. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Zhejiang. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. F P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Xizang. G P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. H P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. I P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm.

FIGURE 38. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates). A Lectotype of Parena tripunctata (Bates). B Lectotype of Crossoglossa piceola Chaudoir [=Parena tripunctata (Bates)]. C Male from Shaanxi. Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 39. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views. A Shaanxi. B Lectotype of Parena tripunctata (Bates). C Lectotype of Crossoglossa piceola Chaudoir [=Parena tripunctata (Bates)]. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.