Parena (Parena) madagascariensis ( Alluaud, 1917 )

Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina), Zootaxa 5286 (1), pp. 1-144 : 128-130

[40] Parena (Parena) madagascariensis ( Alluaud, 1917)

Habitus: Figs 76A, 76B, 76C . Male genitalia: Figs 77 , 78 . Gonocoxites of ovipositor: Fig. 11V .

Alluaud,1917:87 (Original: Crossoglossa ;type locality: Madagascar,Montagne d'Ambre;lectotypein MNHN); Jeannel,1949:972. Parena alluaudi Jeannel, 1949: 973 (type locality: Madagascar, Mahatsinjo; holotype in MNHN). Syn. nov.

Type material examined. Crossoglossa madagascariensis Alluaud : Lectotype (MNHN, Fig. 76A ), designated herein: male, body length = 11.1 mm, pin mounted, " Madagascar / Diego-Suarez 7 / Ch. Alluaud 1893", "TYPE" [red label], "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch ALLUAUD" [blue label], " Crossoglossa / madagascarice / Alluaud n.sp. / Alluaud determ "; " LECTOTYPE / Crossoglossa madagas- / cariensis Alluaud, 1917 / det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label]. Paralectotype: 1 male (MNHN), " madagassa / Diego Suaris ", "♁" [red label], " Madagascar / Diego-Suarez / Ch. Alluaud 1893", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch ALLUAUD"[blue label], "ex Typis" [red letter]; " PARALECTOTYPE / Crossoglossa madagas- / cariensis Alluaud, 1917 / det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label] < Fig. 77 >.

Parena alluaudi Jeannel : Holotype (MNHN, Fig. 76B ): male, body length = 10.9 mm, board mounted, "MAHATSINJO / pres Tananarive", "MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. Ch ALLUAUD" [blue label], "TYPE" [red label], " Alluaudi / n.sp.", " HOLOTYPE / Parena alluaudi / Jeannel, 1949 / det. SHI H.L. 2011" [red label] < Fig. 78 >.

Notes on types and synonyms. Crossoglossa madagascariensis Alluaud : The original description mentioned three specimens from "Montagne d'Ambre", but no holotype was fixed. In the collection of MNHN, we found two males perfectly in accord with the original description. We herein designated the one with Alluaud's handwriting label as the lectotype.

Parena alluaudi Jeannel : The original description mentioned one female from "Mahatsinjo". In the collection of MNHN we found one specimen perfectly in accord with the original description, but the holotype is a male. This specimen is very similar to the type of P. madagascariensis , except the color is slightly lighter. After examining the male genitalia of the holotype of P. alluaudi , we found that it is perfectly identical with P. madagascariensis ( Figs 77 , 78 ). Thus, we treat Parena alluaudi Jeannel as a junior synonym of Crossoglossa madagascariensis Alluaud herein.

Non-type material examined. 1 female (MNHN), "Mars", "Mt. d'Ambre, Madagascar ", "MUSEUM PARIS MADAGASCAR, COLL A SICARD 1930", " Crossoglossa madagascariensis All. ". 1 female (NHMB), " MADAGASCAR C., Moramanga env., 10-18.xii.1997, P. Pacholatko leg." < Figs 5D , 11V , 76C >.

Comparisons. This species can be readily distinguished from all other species of the subgenus Parena by the shape of elytral apices, which are distinctly truncate, with outer apical angles rounded-angulate and sutural angles forming sharp spines ( Fig. 5D ). For species of all other species groups in the subgenus Parena , the elytra apical margin is evenly curved with sutural angles not pointed ( Fig. 5A ). In the other three species of the P. scutata species group, the elytral apical margin is only moderately truncate, with the outer apical angles nearly rounded and sutural angles forming very small denticles ( Figs 5B, 5C ). P. madagascariensis is also different from the other three species of the same species group in having elytra without a dark pattern, elytra with shallow isodiametric microsculpture, and slightly larger size. P. madagascariensis is quite distinct from all other known species in the subgenus Parena but is externally similar to an Oriental species, P. kurosai , of subgenus Bothynoptera . These two species can be distinguished by differences in the position of the first elytral discal pore.

Description. Body length 10.9–11.7 mm. Dorsum reddish brown to dark brown, moderately polished; antennae brown, apical antennomeres slightly darker than basal four ones; pronotal lateral explanations slightly lighter than disc; elytra without pattern; venter and legs reddish brown, tarsi slightly darker than tibiae. Vertex with fine punctures; postgenae without suborbital setae; mentum with a pair of median setae, which are the same length as terminal labial palpomeres. Pronotum sub-quadrate, PW/PL = 1.36–1.41, slightly wider than head, PW/HW = 1.01–1.08; widest at anterior third, lateral margins evenly rounded before middle, gradually sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles widely rounded; lateral explanations wide; disc smooth, without punctures or transverse wrinkles. Elytra slightly dilated to apex; with shallow isodiametric microsculpture, visible only near base in some specimens; striae distinctly incised, very shallow near base, with fine puncture rows, punctures absent near elytral apices; intervals slightly convex, with sparse fine punctures; discal depression indistinct; apical truncation straight, outer apical angles prominent but apically rounded; sutural angles forming sharp spines. Males with biseriate adhesive setae on apical half of mesotarsomere 1 and full length of mesotarsomeres 2–3. Apex of abdominal sternite VII weakly emarginate in males, with two setae on each side in both sexes. Median lobe of aedeagus rather slender (AL/AW = 5.4–5.6), ventral margin straight near middle; apical lamella thin and narrow, oblong in dorsal view, LL much greater than LW, apex rounded; in lateral view, apical lamella slightly bent upward. Endophallus with very narrow flared basal expansion of primary sclerite; flagellum thick, extending near to the base of apical orifice; apical sclerite narrowly V-shaped, moderately defined, basal core distinct, small and moderately scaled; basal sheath very weakly scaled, apical sheath densely scaled, larger than basal sheath; squamate sac not divided, coniform, well chitinized, near middle of median lobe, ventral to squamate sheath. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length subequal to basal width, apex strongly concave, inner apical angle strongly pointed; with four ensiform setae on outer apical angle, three on inner apical angle.

Distribution ( Map 13 , blue). Only known from the northern half of Madagascar.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm

FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm.

MAP 13. Distributions for species in the Parena (Parena) scutata group

FIGURE 76. Habitus of Parena (Parena) scutata species group. A Lectotype of Parena madagascariensis (Alluaud). B Holotype of Parena alluaudi Jeannel [= Parena madagascariensis (Alluaud)]. C P. madagascariensis (Alluaud), female from Madagascar. D Holotype of Parena valeriae Facchini. E Lectotype of Parena scutata (Alluaud). F Holotype of Parena ruficornis. Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 77. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, paralectotype of Crossoglossa madagascariensis Alluaud. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 78. Median lobe of male genitalia for Parena (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), right-lateral (r), ventral (v), leftlateral (l), and dorsal (d) views, holotype of Parena alluaudi Jeannel. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.