Levinsenia kirbyorum Lovell, 2002

Lovell, Lawrence L. & Fitzhugh, Kirk, 2020, Taking a closer look: an SEM review of Levinsenia species (Polychaeta: Paraonidae) reported from California, Zootaxa 4751 (2), pp. 257-275 : 262-264

Levinsenia kirbyorum Lovell, 2002 , emended

Figures 3 A–D, 7C, H

Levinsenia kirbyae Lovell, 2002: 49–51 , Fig. 9A–D. Levinsenia sp B SCAMIT 2007 §: SCAMIT 2007, Vol 25, No. 5, 1-12.

Material examined. Indian Ocean, Andaman Sea, Sta. G-2/ OS, 23 April 1996, 63 m depth, paratype ( LACM- AHF 2091 ).— USA. California. Orange County, Huntington Beach , OCSD Survey 97130, 1997, Sta. 37, rep. 4, 56 m depth, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 07 January 1997, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen, SEM stub ( LACM-AHF 12565 ); OCSD Survey 9276, Sta. Control, replicate 5, 60 m depth, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 23 July 1992, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen, SEM stub ( LACM-AHF 12566 ).— San Diego County, Carlsbad, Encina Treatment Plant , NPDES 9126 , Sta. R2 , rep. 4, 33°07.566’N, 117°20.694’W, 45 m depth, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 1991, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen, SEM stub ( LACM-AHF 12567 ); Southern California Bight Project ( SCBP), Bight 2003, Sta. A 2, 29 m deep, 6 Aug 2003, North San Diego Shelf, 33.165°N 117.391°W, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 1.0 mm sieve, coll. Weston Solutions 1 specimen, SEM stub ( LACM-AHF 12568 ); SCCWRP , Southern California Bight Project ( SCBP), Bight 2008, Sta. 7556, 92 m deep, 09 September 2008, Channel Islands, 34.0790°N 119.7008°W, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 1.0 mm sieve, 3 specimens ( LACM-AHF 12569 ); Carlsbad , Encina Treatment Plant NPDES 9232 , Sta. G1, replicate 3, 33°06.42’N 117°20.74’W, 45 m depth, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 1992, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen ( LACM-AHF 12570 ); NPDES 9344 , Sta. G2, rep. 3, 33°06.73’N, 117°20.85’W, 45 m depth, Van Veen grab, 1993, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen ( LACM-AHF 12571 ); NPDES 9232 , Sta. R2 , rep. 1, 33°07.566’N, 117°20.694’W, 45 m depth, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 1992, 1.0 m sieve, 1 specimen ( LACM-AHF 12572 ); Cardiff by the Sea, San Elijo Treatment Plant NPDES , sta. A-2-5, replicate 2, ~ 33.07°N, 117.25°W, 45(?) m depth, 9 March 2004, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen ( LACM-AHF 12573 ); San Onofre , SONGS D400-175 XXII, rep. 2, ~ 33.36°N, 117.57°W, 53.34 m depth, 6 April 1980, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen ( USNM 1604269 ); Carlsbad, Encina Treatment Plant NPDES : 9344, Sta. R2 , rep. 3, 33°07.566′N, 117°20.694′W, 46 m depth, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 1993, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen ( USNM 1604270 ).— Orange County, Huntington Beach , OCSD NPDES Survey 97139, Sta. ZB, rep. 3, 33°34.54’N, 118°0.00’W, 56 m depth, 0.1 m ² Van Veen grab, 22 October 1997, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen ( LACM-AHF 12574 ); OCSD NPDES Survey 9276, Sta. 37, rep. 2, 33°34.83’N, 117°57.37’W, 56 m depth, 0.1 m ² box core, 24 July 1992, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen ( LACM-AHF 12575 ); OCSD NPDES Survey 9276, Sta. Control , replicate 4, 33°36.04’N, 118°5.39’W, 60 m depth, 0.1 m ² box core, 23 July 1992, 1.0 mm sieve, 2 specimens ( LACM-AHF 12576 ); OCSD NPDES Survey 98151, Sta. 5, rep. 1, 33°34.74’N, 118°01.61’W, 59 m depth, 0.1 m ² Van Veen, 21 October 1998, 1.0 mm sieve, 1 specimen ( LACM-AHF 12577 )

Description. Specimens up to 39 mm long, 0.15–0.35 mm wide. Body inflated, dorsally flattened in prebranchial region, thereafter round in cross section. Tan color. Prostomium triangular, longer than wide; terminal sensory organ present; median antenna absent; ciliated peristomial nuchal slits. Prebranchial segments slightly inflated ( Fig. 3A ), with two longitudinal dorsal grooves. Branchiae begin on chaetigers 7–8, 13–20 pairs, conical; cilia present on lateral branchiae margins, continue as transverse bands across dorsum ( Fig. 3B ). Notopodial post-chaetal lobes short, conical in pre-branchial chaetigers, digitate in branchial region, shorter post-branchial. Notopodial sensory pores present along entire body ( Fig. 3C ), immediately below notochaetae, may have projecting filament. Neuropodial post-chaetal lobes absent. Notopodia with capillary chaetae only. Neuropodia with capillary chaetae and up to 13 concave, fringed acicular spines in post-branchial segments. Neuropodial spines thinner, straighter (superior) and thicker, more recurved (inferior), double rows in far posterior chaetigers ( Figs 3E , 7H ). Abdominal segments with deep, transverse dorsal intersegmental furrows. Pygidium unknown.

Methyl green stain. Branchial region with ventral bands, and distinct notopodial post-branchial spots ( Fig. 7C ).

Remarks. SEM images of Levinsenia sp B SCAMIT 2007 § confirmed that it is the same as L. kirbyorum , described from the Andaman Sea, as noted in the voucher sheet. The unusual dorsal longitudinal furrows on the California material, which are very clearly visible with SEM ( Fig. 3A ), were not described for L. kirbyorum are confirmed The paratype of L. kirbyorum (LACM-AHF 2091) was reviewed and dorsal furrows were confirmed. The original description of L. kirbyorum Lovell 2002 is emended to include these furrows. The California material examined also has the unique double-rowed neurochaetal fascicle arrangement described for L. kirbyorum . Identical methyl green staining spots are present in post-branchial notopodial areas in both Andaman Sea and California specimens. This is a range extension from the Andaman Sea into Southern California. For information on diagnostic character differences, see the dichotomous key below and table of character distributions ( Table 2). The specific epithet is emended to acknowledge that the species was named in honor of three persons; Jacqueline Kirby Lovell, Andrew Kirby Lovell, and Robin Kirby Lovell. The name L. kirbyae is emended to Levinsenia kirbyorum .

Type locality. Andaman Sea.

Distribution. Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean; Southern California, 42–60 m depth.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Levinsenia kirbyorum Lovell, 2002, adult: (A) prostomium with palpode, nuchal organs, dorsal view; (B) transverse ciliary bands between branchiae, dorsal view; (C) notopodial glandular pores, lateral view; (D) posterior chaetal fascicle showing multiple rows of acicular spines, lateral view. Abbreviations: ci, cilia; no, nuchal organ; pl, post-chaetal lobe; so, palpode sensory organ; sp, sensory pores. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, 200 µm; C, 20 µm; D, 50 µm.

FIGURE 7. A–G, Levinsenia spp. methyl green staining patterns: A, L. gracilis California specimen; B, L. gracilis Sweden specimen; C, L. kirbyorum; D, L. multibranchiata; E, F, L. oculata; G, L. barwicki n. sp.; H, L. kirbyorum, posterior neuropodial fascicle.