Agnosthaetus cariniceps Bernhauer, 1939

Clarke, Dave J., 2011, A Revision of the New Zealand Endemic Rove Beetle Genus Agnosthaetus Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 10) 2011, pp. 1-118 : 26-29

(5) Agnosthaetus cariniceps Bernhauer, 1939

( Figs. 21–24 , 61 , 93 , 102–103 , Map 1 )

Agnosthaetus cariniceps Bernhauer, 1939: 214 . (Type locality: South Island: Routeburn, north of Lake Wakatipu); Herman 2001: 1875.

Type Material. Lectotype (here designated). ♂, with 11 labels: [Bernhauer’ s handwriting] “Routeburn| 15. Feb. 1914 / [Bernhauer’ s handwriting] New Zealand | Broun Coll| British Mus.| 1922. 482/ BRIT. MUS.| DON. ARROW/ [orange label, Bernhauer’ s handwriting] cariniceps| Brnh. Typus| Agnosthaetus / Chicago NHMus| M.Bernhauer | Collection/ near D.-| vicinus/ e1300/ ♂ / [D. Kistner’ s handwriting] Agnosthaetus | cariniceps B.| det. D. Kistner ‘59/ FMNH-INS 0000 048 420/ LECTOTYPE Agnosthaetus cariniceps Bernhauer, 1939 , ♂, design. D. Clarke 2011”, in FMNH. Specimen broken, on two points (head on one, thorax on other), mandibles spread, abdomen and aedeagus in microvial with glycerin . Paralectotype. ♀, with 7 labels: “[ BMNH red bordered circular type label] Type / [ BMNH label] New Zealand.| Broun Coll.| Brit. Mus.| 1922-482/ [Broun’ s handwriting] Routeburn.| 13-2-1914./ [Bernhauer’ s handwriting] nov. gen.| Agnosthaetus | cariniceps Brnh. | M.Bernhauer det.| Type/ [three lines of illegible writing] ….. | Dimerus | …../ FMNH-INS 0000 048 419”. (in BMNH). Specimen on card, mandibles spread .

Additional Material Examined. 156 specimens (68♂, 81♀, 7 unsexed). NEW ZEALAND: North Island: AK: Whatipu, 37°2′13″S, 174°30′15″E [coord.=Whatipu Lodge], 1.viii.1978, 79/174, litter, B.M. May, 1♂, 1♀, FMNH-INS 38438–439 (in NZAC); South Island: Eginton Valley [Eglinton?], MacKays Strm., 30.x.1966, 66/354, moss, J.I. Townsend, 1♂, 3♀ (in NZAC); Key Summit, Hollyford, 914 m (as 3000 ft), 44°48′54″S, 168°7′38″E, 11.xii.1966, 66/498, litter, A.K. Walker, 2♂, 1♀ (in NZAC); FD: Borland Lodge (5 km W), 400 m, 45°45.216′S, 167°29.723′E, beech forest, in Sphagnum moss, J.T. Nunn, 3♀ (in JTNC); 25.i.2008, in Sphagnum moss, J.T. Nunn, 1♀, FMNH-INS 48101 (in JTNC); Borland Rd., Limestone Cave Trk., 45°46′S, 167°28′E, 24.i.1998, RL 140, berl., Nothofagus log/bark, R. Leschen & C. Carlton, 2♀, KUNHM-ENT SM0647370, KUNHM-ENT SM0647367 (in KSEM); 24.i.1998, 139, ex Fomitopsis spore leaf litter, C. Carlton & R. Leschen, 2♀, LSAM 0154260–261 (in LSAM); Fiordland N.P., Kepler Track, above Brod Bay, 600 m, ANMT 1177, 45°24.37′S, 167°39.105′E, Nothofagus forest, 11.xii.2005, FMHD#2005-102, berl., leaf & log litter, A. Solodovnikov & D. Clarke, 3♂, 5♀ (in FMNH); Fiordland N.P., Milford Sound Rd., Smithy Creek Campground area, 400 m, ANMT 1170, 44°57.065′S, 168°1.155′E, Nothofagus fusca & N. menziesii open forest, 9.xii.2005, FMHD#2005- 089, berl., leaf & log litter, M. Thayer & A. Newton, 8♂, 11♀ 1♂, FMNH-INS 48093 (in FMNH); 9–11.xii.2005, pyr.-fogging old mossy & fungusy logs, A. Newton, 2♂, 2♀ (in NZAC); Fiordland N.P., Percy Valley, 610 m, Nothofagus forest, 5.ii.1982, moss, J.W. Early, 1♀, FMNH-INS 19074 (in LUNZ); Fiordland N.P., S Borland Valley, 750 m, 6.ii.1982, LCNZ 82/9, litter amongst tussock & hebe, J.W. Early, 1♂, FMNH-INS 19079 (in LUNZ); Hollyford, Hidden Falls, 44°37.8′S, 168°7.2′E, 6.i.1967, 67/4, litter, A.K. Walker, 1♀, FMNH- INS 48096 (in NZAC); Hump Ridge Trk, 46°7′S, 167°25′E, 20.ii.2003, RL 757, berl., R. Leschen & J. Nunn, 1♂, 1♀ (in NZAC); Lake Hauroko, 46°0′S, 167°19′E, 12.ii.1965, 66/363, mixed moss, J.I. Townsend, 7♂, 4♀ (in NZAC); 11.ii.1968, 68/15, moss, J.I. Townsend, 4♂, 4♀ (in NZAC); 12.ii.1965, 66/422, Nothofagus litter, F.D. Alack, 1♀ (in NZAC); Lake Hauroko, 46°0′S, 167°22′E, 19.ii.2003, RL 755, sifting rotting logs & branches, R. Leschen & J. Nunn, 1♀ (in NZAC); Lake Hauroko (nr), Thicket Burn, 130 m, 46°0.466′S, 167°27.239′E, 26.i.2008, sifted moss sample, J.T. Nunn, 1♀ (in JTNC); Lake Hauroko Rd., 5 km E of lake, 220 m, 46°0.166′S, 167°25.482′E, 26.x.2009, in moss on fallen beech tree, J.T. Nunn, 1♀ (in JTNC); Lake Hauroko, Teal Bay Hut, 160 m, 46°4.01′S, 167°17.642′E, Nothofagus forest, 22.xi.2007, moss sample, J.T. Nunn, 1♀ (in JTNC); Lake Hauroko, Thicket Burn, 46°0.6′S, 167°27.6′E, 4.i.1996, Nothofagus litter, J.T. Nunn, 1 sex unknown, FMNH-INS 19728 (in JTNC); Lake Manapouri, 45°31′S, 167°31′E, viii.1952, ex litter, L.D. Simpson, 1♀, FMNH-INS 48098 (in NZAC); Mavora Lakes, 650 m, 45°18′S, 168°11′E, 23.i.1998, NZEA 1L C98 115, ex. berl., Nothofagus leaf litter, R. Leschen & C. Carlton, 1♂, KUNHM-ENT SM0365049, 2♀, KUNHM-ENT SM0365040, KUNHM-ENT SM0365051 (in KSEM); Routeburn Trk., trk. Head, 44°49′S, 168°7′E, 11.v.2000, RL 566, leaf litter, R. Leschen, 1♀, FMNH-INS 48097 (in NZAC); Takatimu Forest, 45°36′S, 167°58′E, 23.i.1998, RL 123, Nothofagus leaf litter, R. Leschen & C. Carlton, 1♂, KUNHM-ENT SM0646800, 3♀, KUNHM-ENT SM0647421, KUNHM-ENT SM0646813, KUNHM-ENT SM0647413 (in KSEM); 23.i.1998, NZEA 1L C98 123, Nothofagus leaf litter, R. Leschen & C. Carlton, 1♀, KUNHM- ENT SM0364609, 2♂, KUNHM-ENT SM0364601, KUNHM-ENT SM0364605 (in KSEM); Te Anau (N), 19.ii.1965, 65/46, litter, N.A. Walker, 1♂, 1♀, FMNH-INS 48094–095 (in NZAC); Te Anau, Control Gates, 45°26′S, 167°41′E, 22.i.1998, NZEA 1L C98 104, ex berl., Nothofagus leaf litter, R. Leschen & C. Carlton, 2♂, KUNHM-ENT SM0364974, KUNHM-ENT SM0364994 (in KSEM); 22.i.1998, NZEA 1L C98 080C, ex berl., Nothofagus litter, R. Leschen & D. Gleeson, 2♂, KUNHM-ENT SM0365264, KUNHM-ENT SM0365301, 3♀, KUNHM-ENT SM0365274, KUNHM-ENT SM0365296, KUNHM-ENT SM0365300 (in KSEM); Te Anau, Kepler Trk. (start), 320 m, 45°26.746′S, 167°40.944′E, 22.i.2008, moss sample, J.T. Nunn, 1♂, FMNH-INS 48103 (in JTNC); OL: Mt. Aspiring N.P., Glenorchy (17 km NW), 44°41′S, 168°20′E, 21.i.1998, NZEA 1L C98 103, ex Nothofagus leaf litter, R. Leschen & C. Carlton, 1♂, KUNHM-ENT SM0364599 (in KSEM); Paradise, 44°43.62′S, 168°21.414′E, 2.ii.1984, 84/12, moss, J.C. Watt, 1♂, FMNH-INS 48100, 1♀, FMNH-INS 48099 (in NZAC); SL: Blue Cliffs Bush, nr. Groveburn, 28.i.1983, 83/14, moss, C.F. Butcher, 1♂, FMNH-INS 48091 (in NZAC); Blue Mtns., Whiskey Gully, 45°57.495′S, 169°17.388′E, 3.v.2003, in ground moss at first waterfall, J.T. Nunn, 1♀, FMNH-INS 19865 (in JTNC); 3.v.2003, in moss on tree roots at first waterfall, J.T. Nunn, 1♀, FMNH-INS 19866 (in JTNC); Catlins Forest Park, Chloris Pass, WNW Owaka, 285 m, ANMT 1167, 46°23.47′S, 169°27.482′E, Weinmannia - Metrosideros - Nothofagus -podocarp forest, 7.xii.2005, FMHD#2005-081, berl., leaf & log litter, A. Newton, M. Thayer, et al., 1♀ (in FMNH); Catlins S.F. Park, 15.ii.1982, 82/30, sifted litter, C.F. Butcher & J.S. Dugdale, 1♂, FMNH-INS 48092 (in NZAC); Catlins S.F. Park, Chloris Saddle, 16.ii.1982, 82/32, bryophytes, J.S. Dugdale & C.F. Butcher, 3♂, FMNH-INS 48084–085, FMNH-INS 48405 (in NZAC); Catlins S.F. Park, Tokanui (4.8 km SE), 46°35.94′S, 168°58.56′E [coord. assumed; nr. Wionepu Crk (adj. to rd., in forest), along Tokanui- Haldane Rd.], 15.ii.1981, 82/33, mosses & liverworts, C.F. Butcher, 1♂, FMNH-INS 48082, 2♀, FMNH- INS 48079, FMNH-INS 48083 (in NZAC); Catlins, Chaslands, 46°35.352′S, 169°18.144′E, forest, 30.x.2005, forest floor litter, J. Barkla, 2♂, FMNH- INS 19375, 5 sex unknown, FMNH-INS 19376 (in JTNC); Catlins, Tahakopa Scen. Res. [Tahakopa River Scen.Res. or Tahakopa Bay Scenic Reserve ?], 30.i.1983, 83/20, litter, moss & rotten wood, C.F. Butcher, 1♂, 1♀, FMNH-INS 48080–081 (in NZAC); Gore, Hokonui Hills, Mt. Hedgehope, 610 m, 10.ii.1976, 76/35, litter, G.W. Ramsay, 1♀, FMNH-INS 48406 (in NZAC); Longwood For., nr. Pourakino Picnic Area, 100 m, 46°10.637′S, 167°54.747′E, Nothofagus forest, 16.xi.2008, washed soil sample, J.T. Nunn, 1♂ (in JTNC); Longwood, Longwood Rd., 46°19.998′S, 167°55.998′E, 28.i.1983, 83/18, sifted litter, C.F. Butcher, 2♂, 1♀, FMNH-INS 48086–087, 088 (in NZAC); Owaka, Table Hill, 46°29′33″S, 169°29′53″E, 17.i.1978, 78/36, sifted litter, rotten wood & ground plants, G. Kuschel, 1♂, FMNH-INS 48090 (in NZAC); Owaka, Tautuku Res., 46°27′S, 169°40.002′E, podocarp forest, 19.i.1978, litter, S. & J. Peck, 1♂, FMNH-INS 48417 (in MCZ); Papatowai, Picnic Point Track, 20 m, ANMT 1166, 46°33.915′S, 169°28.446′E, mixed broadleafpodocarp forest, 6.xii.2005, FMHD#2005-077, berl., litter, A. Newton, M. Thayer, et al., 1♂, 1♀ (in FMNH); Papatowhai Rd., 13.ii.1968, 68/27, sifting, J.I. Townsend, 2♂, 4♀ (in NZAC); Pourakino Picnic Area, 46°15′S, 167°53′E, 18.ii.2003, RL 744, ex Fuligo septica [slime mould], R. Leschen & J. Nunn, 1♂ (in NZAC); Purakaunui Falls nr. Owaka, 46°32′S, 169°35′E, 17.i.1978, berl. forest litter, S. & J. Peck, 1♀, FMNH-INS 48418 (in MCZ); Riverton, Mores Scen. Res., 120 m, 46°21′53″S, 167°59′24″E, kamahi forest, 6.vii.2002, ground litter, J.T. Nunn, 1♂, FMNH-INS 19748 (in JTNC); Riverton, Mores Scen. Res., 120 m, 46°21′53″S, 167°59′24″E, coastal broadleaf forest, 27.i.2008, washed soil sample, J.T. Nunn, 1♂ (in JTNC); Takitimu For., Princhester Base, 570 m, 45°35.67′S, 167°57.054′E, forest, 11.xii.2004, forest floor litter, J.T. Nunn, 1♀, FMNH-INS 19745 (in JTNC); Takitimu For., Princhester Base Hut, 570 m, 45°35.67′S, 167°57.054′E, 23.x.2000, J.T. Nunn, 1♂, 1♀, FMNH-INS 19722, 744 (in JTNC); 21.ii.2003, moss sample, J.T. Nunn, 1♂, FMNH- INS 48102 (in JTNC); Takitimu Mtns., Spence Burn Basin, 1150 m, 45°42.216′S, 167°54.738′E [coord.=Spence Burn], 18.i.2000, in tussock litter, 1♀, FMNH-INS 19721 (in JTNC); Takitimu Ra., Cheviot Face, 1160 m, 30.i.1976, 76/15, litter & moss, L.L. Deitz, 1 sex unknown, 1 larva (in NZAC); 30.i.1976, 76/16, litter & moss, L.L. Deitz, 2♂, 1♀ (in NZAC); 30.i.1976, 76/14, litter & swards, J.S. Dugdale, 1♀ 1♀, FMNH-INS 48089 (in NZAC); Tisbury, 46°26.8′S, 168°23.58′E, lowland forest remnant, 27.i.1984, litter in native forest, P.M. Hammond, 1♀, FMNH-INS 38200 (in BMNH); SL / FD: Tuatapere Scen. Res., 30 m, 46°7′S, 167°40′E, 20.ii.2003, RL 762, ex Coltricia cinnamonea?, R. Leschen & J. Nunn , 1♀ (in NZAC).

Diagnosis. Agnosthaetus cariniceps is one of the most distinctive Agnosthaetus species , having a number of unique characteristics including the obviously zig-zagged medial pronotal sulci ( Fig. 23 , ms), which continue anterior to the anterior punctures (ap) and have a slight lateral extension before the punctures, and the distinct non-setiferous and irregularly positioned impressions on the elytral disc ( Figs. 23–24 ). It may be distinguished from other species in the brounides species-group by the smooth mentum (as in Fig. 67 ) and the two lateral elytral ridges ( Fig. 24 , ek, mr).

Redescription. Color: Color variable, yellowish to reddish brown, frequently with darker elytra and/or abdominal segments. Head ( Fig. 61 ): Frontal ridge present (cf. Fig. 12 , fr). Dorsum moderately densely punctate; with punctures distributed anteriorly, laterally, and posteriorly on disc, middle part impunctate. Punctures deep, well-defined; diameter greater than diameter of eye facet; interpuncture distance mostly much less than half puncture diameter. Dorsal microsculpture absent, or present only anterior to dorsal tentorial sulci; faintly reticulate. Dorsal tentorial sulcus (cf. Figs. 10–11 , dt) narrowly ovate; width subequal to or slightly greater than puncture diameter. Sublongitudinal ridge (cf. Fig. 10 , sr) indistinct; confused by dorsolateral secondary carinae or punctures; crest at antennal tubercle with distinct microsculpture. Area above and behind antenno-ocular carina ( Figs. 10–11 , arrow) with several secondary carinae formed by subconfluent to confluent punctures. Antenno-ocular carina joining eye at or in front of middle ( Fig. 61 , ao). Eye distinctly bulged anteriorly. Temple ( Fig. 11 , tm) short, much less than 50% EYL. Subocular surface more or less evenly microsculptured (cf. Fig. 65 ). Labrum distinctly sexually dimorphic ( Fig. 93 ). Apical labral margin in males moderately broadly and shallowly emarginate medially, evenly dentate, with 11–19 teeth (n =4), and with medial row of dorsally projecting teeth, occasionally fused into single broad tooth. Apical labral margin in females slightly concave medially; with 15–21 teeth (n =5), all teeth subequal in length. Adoral labral surface in males with subapical transverse ridge ( Fig. 21 , arrow). Mandible sexually dimorphic; males with single, dorsally directed tooth, without preapical spur (cf. Fig. 189 ); females with single, mesially projecting tooth, without spur. Mentum smooth, unmodified (cf. Fig. 67 ). Prothorax ( Figs. 23–24 ): Pronotum without microsculpture, or at most with faintly reticulate microsculpture. Medial pronotal sulci (cf. Fig. 23 ) distinctly zigzagged ( Fig. 23 , ms); anteriorly continuous with, and extending beyond anterior punctures, and with lateral notch subapically. Pronotal basolateral carina absent (cf. Figs. 23 , 69 , 77 ), or present, but only weakly developed. Anterior pronotal puncture (cf. Fig. 70 , ap) absent; medial puncture (cf. Fig. 70 , mu) distinct; basal puncture ( Fig. 70 , bu) distinct. Medial pronotal seta adjacent to lateral sulcus ( Fig. 23 , mu). Pronotal hypomeron ( Fig. 24 , hy) shiny, at most with only faintly visible microsculpture. Prosternum with distinctly reticulate microsculpture. Pterothorax ( Figs. 23–24 ): Elytron ( Fig. 23 , e) without microsculpture; with large, scattered, punctiform, non-setiferous impressions ( Fig. 24 ); with 3 macrosetae not set in punctures ( Fig. 23 ); laterally with 2 ridges ( Fig. 24 , ek, mr). Mesothoracic epimeral region ( Fig. 24 , mer) with at most faint microsculpture. Metathoracic pleural region ( Fig. 24 , m) with faint reticulate microsculpture. Metathoracic pleural ridge ( Fig. 24 , mp) fully developed; metathoracic pleural groove ( Fig. 24 , gr) incomplete posteriorly, forming elongate oval punctiform impression ( Fig. 24 , gr). Abdomen: Abdominal vestiture long or short, somewhat appressed, dorsally with radiating fans of setae either side of midline and laterally. Abdominal sternite IV of male with surface nearly glabrous apicomedially, apex slightly convex apicomedially; V with large diffuse patch of coarser setae medially. Aedeagus ( Fig. 102 ): “ Type A” (see description on p. 8; but with secondary sclerotization: Fig. 102 , ssc). Apical part of median lobe parallelsided, produced into broadly acute, sharp point. Both apicolateral and apicomedial setae long ( Fig. 103 ). Paramere not exceeding apex of median lobe; in lateral view produced apically into lobe; with apical part perpendicular to median lobe; in dorsal view with outer side concave at about middle; with four large setae at apex.

Distribution. ( Map 1 ). South Island: FD; OL; SL (recorded from AK, but likely mislabeled).

Biology and Ecology. Habitat: diverse forest types, including coastal forest, and tussock. Specimens have been collected extensively from leaf litter samples, bryophytes (including Sphagnum ), fungi and slime molds, decaying wood, and in soil samples and wet habitats. Phenology: year-round. Elevation: 20–1,160 m.

Remarks. The diagnostic features given above are enough to easily identify this species, but the anteriorly bulging eyes, reduced temples, and antenno-ocular carina reaching the eye before the middle of the eye are additional distinguishing features. The isolated two specimens recorded from the Auckland region are evidently mislabeled; all other records are from southern South Island and sufficient collecting in the Auckland region and elsewhere has failed to provide other evidence that this species is more widely distributed than indicated in Map 1 . Bernhauer did not indicate the number of specimens on which his description was based, but both appear to have been labeled as “ types ” by Bernhauer.

Figures

Map 1. Geographic distribution of all georeferenced specimens in the Agnosthaetus brounides species-group. Triangles = A. brounides; circles = A. bisulciceps; Xs = A. rodmani; squares = A. chiasma; stars = A. cariniceps.

Figs. 21–22. Agnosthaetus cariniceps. 21) Head capsule and labrum (other structures removed), ventral view;

Figs. 23–24. Agnosthaetus cariniceps, thorax. 23) Dorsal view; 24) Left lateral view. Scale bars = 100 mm.

Figs. 57–62. Heads of Agnosthaetus spp., dorsal view. 57) A. vicinus; 58) A. heteromastax; 59) A. nitidus;

Figs. 89–93. Male (left) and female (right) labra of species in the Agnosthaetus brounides species-group, dorsal (anterior margin) view. 89) A. brounides; 90) A. chiasma; 91) A. bisulciceps; 92) A. rodmani; 93) A. cariniceps. Scale bar = 100 mm.

Figs. 102–103. Aedeagus of Agnosthaetus cariniceps. 102) Dorsal (left) and right lateral (right) views;

Figs. 63–68. Heads of Agnosthaetus spp., ventral view. 63) A. brouni; 64) A. stilbus, oblique view; 65) A. chiasma;

Figs. 10–13. Head capsules of Agnosthaetus spp. 10) A. stilbus; 11) A. rodmani; 12) A. brouni; 13) A. chiasma. Scale bars = 100 mm.

Figs. 189–194. Mandibles of Agnosthaetus spp., dorsal view (189–193, left; 194, right). 189) A. newtoni; 190) A. falx; 191) A. stenomastax; 192) A. heteromastax (Rakeahua Valley); 193) A. heteromastax (Big South Cape Island); 194) A. heteromastax (Twilight Bay). Scale bar = 100 mm.

Figs. 69–74. Pronota of Agnosthaetus spp. 69) A. chiasma; 70) A. rodmani; 71) A. heteromastax; 72) A. stenomastax;

Figs. 75–78. Pronota of Agnosthaetus spp. 75) A. vicinus; 76) A. stilbus; 77) A. nitidus; 78) A. brouni. Scale bar =