Paraquanothrus, Norton & Franklin, 2018

Norton, Roy A. & Franklin, Elizabeth, 2018, Paraquanothrus n. gen. from freshwater rock pools in the USA, with new diagnoses of Aquanothrus, Aquanothrinae, and Ameronothridae (Acari, Oribatida), Acarologia 58 (3), pp. 557-627 : 559

Paraquanothrus n. gen. ( Figs 1-13 )

Zoobank: 8A9E6335-F837-4092-B39E-BBB373465E4A

Figures

Figure 1 Paraquanothrus grahamin. sp., adult (legs omitted): A – dorsal view and enlargement of rostrum; B – ventral view; C – lateral view (specimen somewhat contracted); D – bothridial seta. Scale bars 100μm (A-C), 10 μm (D). Abbreviations (other than setae and lyrifissures): et – lateral tooth on epimere II;gla– opening of opisthonotal gland;Le – lenticulus; of – oblique fold between legs III-IV;vr – vertical ridge posterior to acetabulum I;z – opening to coxal gland. For coxisternal setae, see Remark 15.

Figure 2 Paraquanothrus grahamin. sp., adult (scanning electron micrographs): A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – lateral view. Scale bar 100μm.

Figure 3 Paraquanothrus grahamin. sp., transmission (E) and scanning (all others) electron micrographs: A – dorsolateral view of adult (cracks in cerotegument are artefacts of preparation); B – fractured edge of notogastral cerotegument exposing underlying procuticle; C close-up of A in sejugal region; D – close-up of opening to coxal gland; E – section of notogastral cuticle showing papilliform cerotegument and procuticle with sparse pore canals; F – dorsolateral view of tritonymph; G – same, close-up of hysterosomal plications, showing openings to cerotegument air-chambers. Scale bars 100μm (A, F); 10 μm (C); 1 μm (B, D, E, G). Abbreviations:ctg – cerotegument;et – lateral tooth

Figure 4 Paraquanothrus grahamin. sp., transmitted-light micrographs of adult: A –bothridial region; B – fragment of notogastral cuticle with cerotegument intact (far left) and removed (right), showing apobasic seta (insert, setalm and lyrifissureim); C – coxisternum and genital region of male, showing extensive development of tracheae (arrows) and flattened genital papillae (lower left insert); D – coxisternal apodemes of right side, posterior view of dissected specimen (dorsal to top, * marks perforation); E – partial podosoma (lateral, anterior to left), showing tracheal vestibules I (closeup in top insert)) and III (closeup of two variants inserted to right); F – posterior view of dissected postanal strut; G

Figure 5 Paraquanothrus grahamin. sp., adult: A – leg I, adaxial view (trochanter not shown); B – leg IV, abaxial view, with insert showing variant with tibial setad present; C – subcapitulum (right half), ventral view, slightly flattened; D – palp, abaxial view; E – left chelicera, adaxial view (trachea omitted). Scale bars: 50μm (A-C, E); 25 μm (D). Abbreviations (other than setae):st – stigma,tr – trachea, Tg – Trägårdh’s organ.

Figure 6 Paraquanothrus grahamin. sp., transmitted-light micrographs of adult: A – legs I-IV (trochanters absent from I, II); B – partly extended ovipositor; C – palp, abaxial view; D – partial tarsus I; E – same, partial enlargement; F – partial tarsus IV; G – partial femur I, adaxial view; H – base of femur IV; I – distal part of tectal seta of tarsus I; J – female, strongly cleared to show eggs; K – egg from freshly killed specimen; L – portion of preserved egg, showing microgranular surface; M – portion of chelicera, adaxial view; N – same location, internal focus showing part of looping trachea and terminal bulb. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, J); 50 μm (K); 20 μm (B, L); 10 μm (C, F-H, M, N); 5 μm (D, E, I). Abbreviations (other than setae):dt – claw-depressor tendon (vague);e – famulus; gt – guide tube;rt – ‘root’ of famulus; st – stigma;Tg

Figure 7 Paraquanothrus grahamin. sp., juveniles (legs and faint leathery patches omitted): A – larva, dorsal view; B – larva, ventral view; C – protonymph hysterosoma, ventral view; D – deutonymph hysterosoma, ventral view; E – tritonymph, dorsal view; F– tritonymph, ventral view. Scale bars 100 μm; A-D to same scale (slightly flattened during preparation), E, F to same scale. Abbreviations (other than setae and lyrifissures): AD – adanal valve;AN – anal valve; δ – line of dehiscence;Cl – Claparède’s organ;hyr – hyaline region of prodorsum;PS– pseudanal valve. For coxisternal setae, see Remark 15.

Figure 8 Paraquanothrus grahamin. sp., light micrographs of juveniles: A – tritonymph, recently killed, in water; B – same, enlargement of anterior quarter; C – living nymph, partly burrowed into dry sediment; D – larva, bothridial seta; E – deutonymph, coxisternal seta3b; F – larva, gastronotic setac1; G –larva, tibia II solenidionφ and coupled setad; H – tritonymph, posterior margin, ventral view (slightly flattened); I – tritonymphal exuvia, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, C, I); 50 μm (B); 20 μm (H); 5 μm (D-G). Abbreviations (other than setae and lyrifissures): δ – line of dehiscence;hyr – hyaline region of prodorsum.

Figure 9 Paraquanothrus spoonerin. sp., adult (legs omitted): A – dorsal view and enlargement of flattened rostrum; B – ventral view; C – lateral view; D – bothridial region, anterolateral view. Scale bars: 100μm (A-C), 20 μm (D). Abbreviations (other than setae and lyrifissures): asc– ascleritic band of notogaster;bng – border of notogaster;bt – base of tectum;bvp –border of ventral plate;cms – circumgastric muscle sigilla;Le – lenticulus; of – oblique fold. For coxisternal setae, see Remark 15.

Figure 10 Paraquanothrus spoonerin. sp., transmitted light micrographs of dissected or sectioned (except C) adults: A – prodorsum, dorsal view (notogaster removed); B – lateral view of mid-region; C – lateral view (* indicates approximate level of section D); D – partial cross- section, showing notogastral tectum; E – notogastral setaelm, dm and tuberculate surface (insert = base ofh1); F – posterior view, showing dark band of notogastral tectum and postanal struts (by transparency); G – ventral view of anal plates and preanal organ (surface focus); H

Figure 11 Paraquanothrus spoonerin. sp., adult: A – leg I, abaxial view (trochanter absent, small eupathidial setaep) (at base of claw not labeled; B – leg IV, abaxial view; C – subcapitulum, ventral view, slightly distorted from flattening; D – palp, adaxial view; E – left chelicera, adaxial view (trachea omitted). Scale bars: 25μm. Abbreviations (other than setae):LS– labrum;sac– saccule; st – stigma,tr – trachea,Tg – Trägårdh’s organ.

Figure 12 Paraquanothrus spoonerin. sp., transmitted-light micrographs: A – adult legs I-IV (trochanters absent from I, II); B – femur showing large saccule; C – base of femur III, showing small saccule; D – trochanter and base of femur IV, dorsal view; E – subcapitulum

Figure 13 Paraquanothrus spoonerin. sp., juveniles (legs omitted): A – larva, dorsal view; B – larva, ventral view; C – protonymph hysterosoma, ventral view; D – deutonymph, genital valves (top normal, bottom variant); E – tritonymph, dorsal view; F– tritonymph ventral view. Scale bar 100 μm. Abbreviations (other than setae and lyrifissures):AD – adanal valve;δ – line of dehiscence;Cl – Claparède’s organ; hyr – hyaline region of prodorsum;p.ag– aggenital leathery patch;p.gla– periglandular leathery patch;p.pv – posteroventral leathery patch; PS; pseudanal valve. For coxisternal setae, see Remark 15.