Mixtopagurus paradoxus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880

Lemaitre, Rafael & Tavares, Marcos, 2015, New taxonomic and distributional information on hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Atlantic coast of South America, Zootaxa 3994 (4), pp. 451-506 : 457-466

Mixtopagurus paradoxus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880

Mixtopagurus paradoxus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880: 39 (type locality: USCGS Blake, sta 291, Barbados).— A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893: 24, pl. 2, figs 1–19.— Forest, 1987: 220, figs 4e, 6e, f, 7f, 74a–h, 75a–g, 76a–e, 77a–j, pls 2B, 3G, H, 8C, D [and synonymy therein].— Coelho, 1996: 165.— Melo, 1999: 160, figs 97, 98.— Coelho et al., 2007: 10, tab. 1.—Felder et al., 2009: 1072.

Mixtopagurus gilli Benedict, 1901 (type locality: USFC Albatross, sta 2061, off North Carolina, 34°39’N, 75°33’W).

Type material. Holotype male (not examined), USFC Blake, sta 291, Barbados, 365 m ( MCZ 4076). Holotype of Mixtopagurus gilli Benedict, 1901 , ov female 8.2 mm, off North Carolina, USFC Albatross, sta 2601, 34°39’N, 75°33’W, 196 m, 18 Oct 1885 ( USNM 24805).

New material. Western Atlantic. Bahamas: New Providence Island, off Goulding's Cay, JSL– II–2587, 25°02’30”N, 35°12’W, 518 m, 25 May 1995, coll. M. Harasewych & T. Askew: 1 male 14.3 mm ( USNM 275962).

Brazil: Canopus Seamount, 120 miles off the coast of Ceará, fishing vessel, 02°14’25”S, 38°22’50”W, 240– 260 m, 20–21 Aug 2005, coll. J. Coltro: 5 males 6.5–11.0 mm, 1 ov. female 9.0 mm, 15 females 4.0–11.0 mm, 1 juvenile 2.5 mm ( MZUSP 16951); idem: 7 males 7.5–12.0 mm, 2 ov. females 8.0– 11.2 mm, 2 females 9.0– 10.5 mm ( MZUSP 16954); Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro State, Apr 2001, fishing trawler, coll. Carlo Magenta, 350–400 m: 1 male 14.0 mm, 2 females 7.0–9.0 mm ( MZUSP 13762); São Paulo, F/V Nuevo Apenino, 23°42.40’S, 42°18.30’W, 24 Nov 2001, 402 m: 1 male 17.0 mm ( MZUSP 15699); idem: 23°42.49’S, 42°07.00’W, 2 Dec 2001, 423 m: 1 ov. female 10.5 mm ( MZUSP 15694); idem: 23°69.33’S, 42°19.16’W, 30 Nov 2001, 398 m: 1 male 14.5 mm ( MZUSP 15698); Santos, São Paulo State, Apr 2002, fishing trawler, coll. Carlo Magenta, 350–400 m: 18 males 7.5–13.0 mm, 11 females 7.5–8.5 mm ( MZUSP 14594); idem: 30 males 8.5–14.0 mm, 9 females 7.0– 8.5 mm ( MZUSP 14595).

TABLE 2. List of specimens of Coenobita clypeatus ( Fabricius, 1787) deposited in the USNM. Localities used for Fig. 2 .

USNM Specimen Locality Latitude and Longitude Collection Date Collector(s). No.

29068 1 Bermuda 32° 20' N, 64° 45' W 1876 G. Goode

1023011 1 Bermuda 32° 18' 08" N, 64° 45' 34" W

25450 3 Bermuda, Hungry Bay 32° 17' 20" N, 64° 45' 38" W

Central and southeastern Florida, USA

265321 1 Polk County, Lakeland 28° 00' N, 82° 00' W

102603 1 Osceola County, near Lake Kissimmee 27° 54' 50" N, 81° 16' 12" W A. Reese 59348 1 Fort Lauderdale, palmetto forest within 200 ft. of mangrove swamp 26° 07' 20" N, 80° 08' 36" W 28 Dec 1924 R. Holt 267551 1 Dade County, near bridge 25° 44' N, 80° 11' W 25 Aug 1968 99753 1 Key Biscayne 25° 41' 28" N, 80° 09' 56" W Sep 1954 F. Bayer 14007 1 Cape Florida 25° 39' 56" N, 80° 09' 28" W 1884

Bahamas ……continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued) Greater and Lesser Antilles

99963 3 Cuba, Hicacos Peninsula, E of Xanadu 23° 10' 0" N, 81° 12' 0" W 27 Jan 1957 W. Schmitt

……continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued) 63159 1 Haiti, Jean Rabel 19° 49' N, 73° 08' W 1929 E. Leonard & G.

Leonard ……continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued) ……continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued)

USNM Specimen Locality Latitude and Longitude Collection Date Collector(s). No.

240234 1 Virgin Islands ( USA), South Cockroach Island 18° 24' 14" N, 65° 3' 38" W 22 Jul 1985 Mayer & Jenkins

93560 1 Virgin Islands ( USA), Saint Thomas 18° 21' 19" N, 64° 56' 13" W 8 Jul 1952

93559 1 Virgin Islands ( USA), Saint Thomas, from Saint John intercepted at 18° 20' N, 64° 56' W 14 Aug 1952 J. Conroy Charlotte Amalie

265350 13 Virgin Islands ( USA), Peter Island 18° 20' 32" N, 64° 55' 58" W 29 Mar 1958 Clarke 126770 1 Dominica, coconut-banana grove adjoining beach immediately S of 15° 23' 0" N, 61° 26' 0" W 27 Jan 1964 H. Hobbs Layou River mouth

126768 1 Dominica, tributary of Layou River on N side, 0.5 miles E of Clarke 15° 23' 0" N, 61° 26' 0" W 6 Feb 1964 H. Hobbs Hall

126772 8 Dominica, north slope of Tarou Cliff, just S of mouth of Layou River 15° 23' 0" N, 61° 26' 0" W 12 Feb 1964 H. Hobbs

……continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued)

USNM Specimen Locality Latitude and Longitude Collection Date Collector(s). No.

126771 6 Dominica, coconut-banana grove adjoining beach immediately S of 15° 23' 0" N, 61° 26' 0" W 12 Feb 1964 H. Hobbs Layou River mouth

126779 1 Dominica, mouth of Layou River 15° 23' 0" N, 61° 26' 0" W 8 Mar 1964 H. Hobbs Western and southern Caribbean

265398 1 Belize, Cay Caulker, 25 m from beach, E side of cay at settlement 17° 46' N, 88° 02' W

102634 1 Belize 17° 29' 0" N, 88° 11' 0" W H. Hurve 1 Belize 17° 29' 0" N, 88° 11' 0" W

102636 1 Belize 17° 11' N, 88° 30' W P. Shufeldt 21381 1 Belize 17° 11' N, 88° 30' W W. Stanton

……continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued) 1023017 1 Venezuela, Puerto La Cruz 10° 13' 0" N, 64° 37' 0" W Jul 1928 to Dec 1928 E. Holt Diagnosis. See Forest (1987).

Distribution. Western Atlantic: from off North Carolina, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, and Caribbean Sea to Brazil on the coasts of Amapá, Pará, Ceará, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (see Remarks). Depth: 194 to 567 m.

Remarks. The first record of this species from the Brazilian coast is based on material collected on board the R/V Oregon at station 2066, off the coast of Maranhão (2°40’N, 47°55’W) and reported in a list of species by Bullis & Thompson (1965), although the deposition of their material is unknown and thus it has not been possible to examine the specimens. A second report of M. paradoxus was documented by Coelho (1996) from further north, off the coast of the State of Amapá (5°09’00”N, 50°42’00”W). Thus, in his manual of decapods from Brazil, Melo (1999) indicated a range in Brazil for this species from Amapá to Maranhão, based on the previous records from Bullis & Thompson (1965) and Coelho (1996). Coelho et al. (2007) was mistaken in giving Amapá and Pará (instead of Maranhão) as the distribution range of this species. The abundant material reported herein is from much further south, as far as Santos, about 24°S, off the coast of São Paulo.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Distribution of Coenobita clypeatus (Fabricius, 1787), based on specimens deposited in USNM (black circles), and records by Rodríguez-Almaraz & Zavala-Flores (2005) from Matamoros and Tampico, Mexico (stars). For localities indicated in black circles, see Table 2.