Solenysa retractilis, 2011

Tu, Lihong & Hormiga, Gustavo, 2011, Phylogenetic analysis and revision of the linyphiid spider genus Solenysa (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (3), pp. 484-530 : 515-518

SOLENYSA RETRACTILIS TU SP. NOV.

( FIGS 10, 18 , 19 )

Types: Male holotype, CHINA: Longmen Cave , altitude 1007 m, Lushan County (30.30°N, 103.20°E), Sichuan Province, coll. Shuqiang Li, 16.x.2005 ( IZCAS). Four male and three female paratypes, same data as holotype ( IZCAS) .

Additional material examined: CHINA: Longdong Town , Baoxing County (30.30°N, 102.80°E), Sichuan Province, coll. Lihong Tu & Shuqiang Li, 28.vi.2004, seven males and 16 females ( IZCAS) ; CHINA: Fengtongzhai , Baoxing County (30.30°N, 102.80°E), Sichuan Province, coll. Lihong Tu & Shuqiang Li, 2.vii.2004, two males and three females ( IZCAS) ; CHINA: Mt. Erlangshan National Forest Park , Tianquan County (30.10°N, 102.70°E), Sichuan Province, coll. Lihong Tu & Shuqiang Li, 8.vii.2004, one female ( IZCAS) .

Etymology: The name comes from the Latin retractilis (dragging backwards) in reference to the backwards dragged second branch of the lamella characteristica.

Diagnosis: The male of S. retractilis sp. nov. can be distinguished from S. wulingensis and S. geumoensis by the additional sclerotic extension furnished with many teeth at the basal part of anterior terminal apophysis and by the hook-like median terminal apophysis ( Fig. 19E, H ). The shape of epigynum is diagnostic, being shorter in S. geumoensis ( Fig. 18D ), more rounded in S. retractilis and S. wulingensis , but the latter two species are difficult to distinguish morphologically ( Figs 18D , 21G ).

Description: Male. Total length 1.43. Carapace 0.83 long, 0.50 wide. Abdomen 0.60 long, 0.42 wide. Chelicerae with four promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Length of legs: I 2.83 (0.80 + 0.90 + 0.63 + 0.50); II 2.40 (0.67 + 0.77 + 0.53 + 0.43); III 1.84 (0.57 + 0.47 + 0.43 + 0.37); IV 2.44 (0.70 + 0.77 + 0.50 + 0.47). Tm I 0.19, Tm IV absent. Other somatic characters as reported in the genus description.

Female. Total length 1.70. Carapace 0.90 long, 0.50 wide. Abdomen 0.97 long, 0.60 wide. Chelicerae with four promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Length of legs: I 2.90 (0.80 + 0.93 + 0.67 + 0.57); II 2.53 (0.73 + 0.80 + 0.57 + 0.43); III 2.00 (0.57 + 0.60 + 0.43 + 0.40); IV 2.33 (0.73 + 0.637 + 0.50 + 0.47). Tm I 0.21, Tm IV absent. Other somatic characters as in male. Epigynum as in Figure 13E–G .

Other genitalic characters as reported in the description of the S. wulingensis group.

Variation: Male carapace length is 0.73–0.83, total length 1.33–1.53 (N = 5). Female carapace length is 0.80–0.83, total length 1.53–1.57 (N = 5).

Natural history: Specimens of S. retractilis can be found amongst grasses, near the soil surface.

Distribution: China (Sichuan) ( Fig. 22 ).

Figures

Figure 13. Solenysa partibilis. A–D, epigynum: A, ventral; B, dorsal; C, caudal; D, detail of C. E–H, spinnerets: E, male; F, female; G, female ALS; H, female PLS. Abbreviations: AC, aciniform gland spigot(s); AG, aggregate gland spigot(s); ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; CY, cylindrical gland spigot(s); DP, dorsal plate; FO, fertilization opening; FL, flagelliform gland spigot(s); mAP, minor ampullate gland spigot(s); MAP, major ampullate gland spigot(s); PI, piriform gland spigot(s); PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret; SL, solenoid; VP, ventral plate. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 18. Solenysa retractilis sp. nov. A, male chelicerae, ectal. B, pits on carapace. C, female tracheal system. D, epigynum, ventral. E–H, spinnerets: E, male; F, female; G, male PLS; H, female PMS. Abbreviations: AG, aggregate gland spigot(s); ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; CY, cylindrical gland spigot(s); mAP, minor ampullate gland spigot(s); PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 19. Solenysa retractilis sp. nov. A–D, male palp: A, retrolateral (arrow, paracymbial proximal curve); B, prolateral; C, ventral (arrow, basal sclerotic extension of anterior terminal apophysis); D, detail of A. E, male palpal embolic division, ventral. F, detail of C (arrow, embolus opening). G, apex of anterior terminal apophysis. H, detail of E. Abbreviations: ATA, anterior terminal apophysis; DSA, distal suprategular apophysis; E, embolus; LC1, anterior branch of lamella characteristica; LC2, median branch of lamella characteristica; LC3, posterior branch of lamella characteristica; MTA, median terminal apophysis; P, paracymbium; PBP, cymbial probasal process; PTA, posterior terminal apophysis; RLP, cymbial retrolateral process; STT, Solenysa tegular triangle. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 21. Solenysa wulingensis. A–B, male palp: A, retrolateral (arrow, paracymbial proximal curve); B, prolateral. C–D, male palpal embolic division: C, ventral; D, distal of C. E, anterior part of male abdomen showing smooth book lung cover. F, anterior part of male abdomen showing epiandrous fusules absent. G–H, epigynum: G, ventral; H, dorsal. Abbreviations: ATA, anterior terminal apophysis; CO, copulatory opening; DP, dorsal plate; DSA, distal suprategular apophysis; E, embolus; EC, epigynal collar; LC1, anterior branch of lamella characteristica; LC2, median branch of lamella characteristica; LC3, posterior branch of lamella characteristica; MS, macroseta; MT, median tooth on anterior terminal apophysis; MTA, median terminal apophysis; P, paracymbium; PBP, cymbial probasal process; PTA, posterior terminal apophysis; RLP, cymbial retrolateral process; SL, solenoid; STT, Solenysa tegular triangle. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 22. Distribution records of Solenysa species. Half-filled circle (), Solenysa retractilis sp. nov.; concentric circle (), Solenysa geumoensis Seo, 1996; circle filled with ‘i’ (), Solenysa wulingensis Li & Song, 1992; circle (•), Solenysa tianmushana sp. nov.; star (*), Solenysa protrudens Gao et al., 1993; cross (), Solenysa lanyuensis sp. nov.; flag (), Solenysa longqiensis Li & Song, 1992; balloon (), Solenysa yangmingshana sp. nov.; square (), Solenysa melloteei Simon, 1894; triangle (Δ), Solenysa akihisai sp. nov.; diamond (Ɨ), Solenysa partibilis Tu et al., 2007; pentagon (), Solenysa reflexilis Tu et al., 2007.