Problepsis vulgaris Butler, 1889

Xue, Dayong, Cui, Le & Jiang, Nan, 2018, A review of Problepsis Lederer, 1853 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from China, with description of two new species, Zootaxa 4392 (1), pp. 101-127 : 108-110

Problepsis vulgaris Butler, 1889

Figs 6 , 34 , 55, 76, 95

Problepsis vulgaris Butler, 1889 , Illust. typical Specimens Lepid. Heterocera Colln Br. Mus., 7: 7, 43, pl. 125, fig. 2. Syntypes, India: Kangra ( NHM).

Problepsis attenuata Warren, 1909 , Novit. zool., 16: 126. Holotype ♂, India (south): Merkara (NHM).

Diagnosis. The species is similar to P. paredra Prout, 1917 in the following characters: the ocellus of the forewing is inverted pyriform, the posterior part is narrower than the anterior part, the outer margin is protruding outwards centrally and concaved between M veins; the ocellus of the hind wing is similar to that of the forewing, but it is pyriform; the internal margin of the tegumen of the male genitalia is strongly dentate; the aedeagus has a patch of small teeth at apex, the vesica has sclerotized bands; the central process of the male eighth sternite is very short and not dilated at apex; the lamella postvaginalis of the female genitalia is merged with the ductus bursae. However, the species can be distinguished from P. paredra by the following characters: the pectinations of the male are longer than twice the diameter of the shaft, while those are slightly longer than the diameter of the shaft in P. paredra ; the hind tarsus of the male is about one-half the length of the tibia, while in P. paredra , it is about one-third or shorter than one-third the length of the tibia. In the male genitalia, the fused socii is shorter than P. paredra , the valvula is narrower than the sacculus, but it is about equal in width with the sacculus in P. paredra . In the female genitalia, the ductus bursae is much narrower, the length of the ductus bursae are more than twice of its width, while in P. paredra , the length of ductus bursae is less than twice of its width in female genitalia.

Material examined. CHINA: Guangdong ( IZCAS): 1♀, 80km southwest of Guangzhou , Dinghu Shan, 21.VII.1956, coll . A.K. Zaguljaev, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03419; 2 ♂, Guangzhou, Shipai, 20.VIII.1958, 19.IX.1958, coll. Wang Linyao, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03418; 1♀, Lianping, 12.V.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin ; 2♀, Conghua, 5.X.1983, coll . Xie Zhenlun ; 16 ♂, Heshan, 9–10.X.2002, 17–18.XII.2002, coll . Zhang Binglan et al. (presented by Insect Collection of Nankai University); 3 ♂, Fengkai, Heishiding, 198 m, 24–25.V.2013, coll . Cheng Rui ; 1♀, Zhanjiang, Donghai Island, Dongjian, 20 m, 28.IV.2014, coll . Li Xinxin. Hainan (IZCAS): 1♀, Wanning, 60 m, 13.VII.1963, coll. Zhang Baolin. Guangxi (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Longzhou, 140 m, 25.IV.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang ; 1 ♂, Guilin, 150 m, 16.VII.1976, coll . Zhang Baolin ; 1 ♂, Nanning, 26.X.1981, coll . Wang Jijian ; 2 ♂, Wuzhou, 2.XI.1988 ; 1 ♂ 1♀, Fangcheng, Fulong, 200 m, 24–26.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu et al.; 1♀, Jinxiu, Shengtangshan, 900 m, 18.V.1999, coll . Zhang Xuezhong ; 1 ♂, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 18.VI.2000, coll . Li Wenzhu ; 2 ♂ 2♀, Beihai, Weizhou Island, Dishui, 45 m, 22.IV.2014, coll . Li Xinxin. Yunnan (IZCAS): 1 ♂, Menglong, Banna, Mengsong, 1600 m, 22.IV.1958, coll. Meng Xuwu ; 1 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Menghai, 1200–1600 m, 19.VII.1958, coll . Wang Shuyong ; 2 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m, 27.VIII.1958, 1.IX.1958, coll . Wang Shuyong et al.; 1 ♂, Shilin, 12.VII.1982, coll. Song Shimei ; 1 ♂, Yangbi, Shangjie Linchang, 1650 m, 28.VIII.1980; 1♀, Baoshan, Bawan, 1 0 40 m, 8–10.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03421; 2 ♂, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03420; 2 ♂, Lushui, Liuku, Laimao, 18.IX.2014, coll. Liuhong. Tibet (IZCAS): 28 ♂ 5♀, Zayü, Cawarong, 1937 m, 11– 15.IX.2014, coll. Liu Hong, IZCAS slide no. Geom-03414, 0 3422, 0 3423.

Distribution. China (Guangdong, Hainan, Hongkong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia.

Figures

FIGURES 1–22. Adults of Problepsis. 1, P. albidior, male, Yunnan; 2–3, P. eucircota, male, Zhejiang, 2, upperside, 3, underside; 4–5, P. stueningi sp. nov., male, holotype, Gansu, 4, upperside, 5, underside; 6, P. vulgaris, male, Tibet; 7, P. paredra, male, Sichuan; 8. P. subreferta, male, Yunnan; 9, P. batangnensis sp. nov., male, holotype, Sichuan; 10, P. plagiata, male, Shaanxi; 11, P. apollinaria apollinaria, male, Hainan; 12–13, P. delphiaria auriculifera, male, Hainan, 12, upperside, 13, undside; 14, P. transvehens, male, Guangdong; 15–17, P. conjunctiva, male, 15, Tibet, 16–17, Hainan; 18, P. crassinotata, Tibet; 19–20, P. diazoma, male, Fujian, 19, upperside, 20, underside; 21–22, P. discophora discophora, male, Beijing, 21, upperside, 22, underside. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 31–39. Male genitalia of Problepsis. 31, P. albidior, Sichuan; 32, P. eucircota, Jiangxi; 33, P. stueningi sp. nov., holotype, Gansu; 34, P. vulgaris, Tibet; 35, P. paredra, Gansu; 36. P. subreferta, Yunnan; 37, P. batangnensis sp. nov., paratype, Sichuan; 38, P. plagiata, Shaanxi; 39, P. apollinaria apollinaria, Hainan. Scale bar = 1 mm.