Subtrinemura epigea, Smith & Mitchell & Mesaglio, 2022
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1796 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987FF-9D59-820E-325A-FDB1FB17F84D |
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Felipe |
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scientific name |
Subtrinemura epigea |
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sp. nov. |
Subtrinemura epigea sp. nov. Smith, Mitchell, & Mesaglio urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:32B0D708-11D5-44D1-82AA-083528152386
Figs 33–55 View Figure 33 View Figures 34–42 View Figures 43–49 View Figures 50–57
Holotype ♂ ( HW 0.80) NEW SOUTH WALES: Chester Hill, Wategora Reserve 33.86931°S 151.01257°E, 30.iii.2021, Thomas Mesaglio , AMS K.541620 (on two slides). GoogleMaps
Diagnosis. Males of this species can be distinguished from the closely related Subtrinemura anemonae by the absence of a process on the scape and by the shape of the apophysis on the pedicel, the parameres that extend beyond the hollow in urosternite IX, by the depth of the hollow, and the reduced number of anemone-like organs on the inner face of the cerci (2–3 versus 6).
Description
Appearance: Small, parallel-sided silverfish with moderately elongate antennae and terminal filaments i.e. a shape typical for genus but at the shorter and wider end of the spectrum. Appearance when live white, pigment lacking ( Fig. 33 View Figure 33 ).
Body size: H+B in single known specimen about 4.2 mm (HW 0.80), thorax length up to 1.7 mm or about 0.4 H+B and width 0.88 mm; antennae incomplete but>0.5 H+B, at least 80% H+B in photographed specimen; caudal filaments almost complete at 0.75 H+B.
Scales: Absent.
Macrochaetae: Most simple, parallel-sided with distinct apical bifurcations ( Fig. 34 View Figures 34–42 ) but others are tapered to a pointed apex ( Fig. 35 View Figures 34–42 ); some on legs are stout and carrotshaped usually with but also without an apical bifurcation ( Fig. 36 View Figures 34–42 ). Some of the longer parallel-sided macrochaetae, when slide mounted, show the same distortion reported in Smith et al. (2012) which is now believed to be an artefact caused by the Tendeiro medium.
Head: Almost as long as wide, not covered by prothorax at hind margin ( Fig. 37 View Figures 34–42 ), prognathous, vertex with 2+2 apically bifurcate macrochaetae in postero-lateral corners as well as several larger apically tapered macrochaetae across the frons near the posterior margin, lateral margins with several long, mostly apically bifurcate macrochaetae, anterior margin of frons indistinct with four macrochaetae; disc with numerous scattered small fine setae. — Clypeus with 1+1 apically bifurcate macrochaetae sublaterally and 1+1 smaller insertions between and anterior to them. — Labrum with 1+1 lateral thin, apically bifurcate macrochaetae, with six longer and shorter thin simple setae between them plus 1+1 setae anterior to them. —Antennae elongate; scape of male longer than wide, with several strong macrochaetae ( Fig. 38 View Figures 34–42 ) both above and below, lacking any apophysis; pedicel of male with sub-triangular rounded apophyses on outer face ( Fig. 38 View Figures 34–42 ) about as long as wide, pedicel with a subapical ring of long setae as well as some small setae, the long setae also present on mediad face, ventral face with four areas of glands ( Fig. 39 View Figures 34–42 ); four trichobothria on the basal annulus and one each on the following annuli; intervals beginning to subdivide into two annuli from sixth with trichobothria restricted to the most distal ring of setae, each annulus with curved simple setae and thinner straight setae which become longer than the curved setae; most distal surviving intervals of four annuli, each annulus with a ring of setae as well as several setulae distal to the ring of setae, the cuticle with very many small hair-like denticulations. There may be some basiconic sensilla type C in the penultimate annulus of each interval (see Adel, 1984) but others appear to be much longer and finer, almost indistinguishable from fine setae except that their ends appear to be rounded. — Mandibles ( Fig. 40 View Figures 34–42 ) strong with well-developed molar and incisor regions, with about ten small stout setae behind the molar area and several apically bifurcate macrochaeta on the external face as well as a few longer simple setae. — Maxillae ( Fig. 41 View Figures 34–42 ) of usual form, galea only surpassing length of lacinia by half the length of the two distinct apical papillae, lacinia well sclerotized with one strong apical tooth and a quite strong secondary tooth; pectinate prostheca not much shorter than lacinia with several lamellate processes and about 13 setae along margin in two rows; maxillary palp not greatly elongated, L/W apical article 3.5–3.9 and 1.4–1.7 times the length of the penultimate article; ultimate article bearing usual six branched papillae as well as a single basiconic sensillum type C. — Labium ( Fig. 42 View Figures 34–42 ) longer than wide, ultimate article is about 1.2–1.4 times longer than wide with six papillae of usual type; the penultimate article with a ring of longer setae mid-length.
Thorax: Weak, about 0.4 H+B and not wider than the abdomen, all nota of similar size. Pronotum with obvious collar of numerous longer macrochaetae and many smaller setae, pronotum with several strong submarginal macrochaetae along the lateral and posterior margins, some apically bifurcate others tapering to a fine point, as well as shorter setae, disc of nota with many scattered setae or varying sizes ( Fig. 43 View Figures 43–49 ). Meso- and metanota similar except lacking anterior collar ( Figs 44, 45 View Figures 43–49 ).
Legs typical for genus, tibia L/W ratio of legs, PI 3.4, PII 3.6, PIII 4.1 (all measured from slide); tarsi L/W ratio PI 5.8 PII 7.1, PIII 11.3. Legs progressively a bit longer, tibia PII/ PI 1.2, PIII/P1 1.5; tarsus PII/PI 1.2 PIII/PI 1.7. Legs not greatly elongate ( Figs 46–48 View Figures 43–49 ). Coxae with about five long macrochaetae spaced along the outer margin as illustrated, inner margin with two macrochaetae, margins and face covered with scattered fine setae; trochanter with one small macrochaeta and several smaller setae; femur mostly with setae along leading margin with a thin macrochaeta ⅓–¼ from the end and a more robust curved macrochaeta and some strong setae over the articulation, posterior margin with a macrochaeta proximally and two macrochaetae on the weak bulge, face covered with scattered small setae; tibia without macrochaetae on the dorsal margin, ventral margin with four macrochaetae as illustrated and a more robust seta distally, the usual distal spur has one or two small barbs ( Fig. 49 View Figures 43–49 ); tarsus with four articles, the basal one about ⅔ the length of the other three together on PI but about the same length as the other three together on both PII and PIII, each article with more robust paired setae distally; pretarsus with two strong claws and a stout medial empodial claw, all claws without barbs.
Abdomen: Not much narrower than the thorax at its base. All urotergites wrap around the body without a sharp fold laterally. A suture between the tergite and the paratergites visible on I–VIII. Abdominal tergites I–VIII ( Fig. 50 View Figures 50–57 ) with longer and shorter tapered macrochaetae spaced along posterior margin, two macrochaetae on each side laterad of the suture with six submarginal macrochaetae between the sutures as well as several setae, disc of urotergites with many scattered setae, sometimes quite long.
Urotergite X ( Fig. 51 View Figures 50–57 ) not easy to observe on slide as covered by the genitalia, broadly trapezoidal with 2+2 macrochaetae (not apically bifurcated), the larger being more mediad plus two smaller marginal setae laterad of the macrochaetae and four smaller setae along the concave posterior margin.
Urosternite I not divided into a median sternum and two lateral coxites with only a few setae in the middle of the disc and 1+1 insertions on the convex medial posterior bulge. Urosternite II also entire with slightly concave posterior margin with small 1+1 submedial setae, posterior lateral corners each with two longer setae, disc with more scattered setae. Urosternites III–VI ( Figs 52, 53 View Figures 50–57 ) entire, similar to urosternite II in chaetotaxy but also bearing styli and eversible vesicles, the eversible tip of the vesicle bearing a single small seta towards the stylus end (rarely also a second seta at the opposite end). Urosternite VII similar except bearing pseudovesicles. Urosternite VIII ( Fig. 54 View Figures 50–57 ), small with concave posterior margin, and lacking vesicles but otherwise with similar chaetotaxy. Styli on segments III–IX, apical spine of the few styli still present all with one or two barbs ( Fig. 55 View Figures 50–57 ).
Urosternite IX ( Fig. 56 View Figures 50–57 ) entire (not divided into separate coxites) bearing styli and short, apically eversible parameres that surpass the bases of the styli by a little more than the depth of the hollow in the posterior margin of the urosternite. — Penis concealed beneath parameres but with short glandular setae apically, similar to those seen on the parameres.
Appendix dorsalis of male ( Fig. 56 View Figures 50–57 ) without modified chaetotaxy, basal division longer than wide with two rings of setae and some short trichobothria; second division longer with five rings of setae, those in the second and fourth rings without macrochaetae, the most distal ring with more and stronger macrochaetae than the rest; third and subsequent divisions with four rings. Basal division of cerci ( Fig. 56 View Figures 50–57 ) without modified chaetotaxy; following division with three rings of setae, the basal and distal also with trichobothria; third division with two rings of setae and trichobothria, the distal-most with long macrochaetae on the outer side and a broad anemone-like structure on the inner ventral face ( Figs 56, 57 View Figures 50–57 ); fourth division with four rings of setae and trichobothria, the most distal with an anemone-like structure; fifth division similar except the anemone-like structure is
Smith, Mitchell, & Mesaglio: Two new Australian silverfish 71
only present on one side; subsequent divisions also with four rings but all lacking anemone-like structures.
Female: Unknown.
Habitat. The single specimen was collected in Melaleuca scrub and grassland in a reserve well within the boundaries of the city of Sydney. It was found under a fallen Melaleuca decora bark sheet, at the surface on clay soil and leaf/bark litter.
Etymology. The species is named epigea because it lives within the soil layers (epigean).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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