Comibaena signifera, SUBARGENTARIA (OBERTHUR, 1916)

Han, Hongxiang, Galsworthy, Anthony C. & Xue, Dayong, 2012, The Comibaenini of China (Geometridae: Geometrinae), with a review of the tribe, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (4), pp. 723-772 : 751-754

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00826.x

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0389DF41-FF8A-A91C-FF06-AD1AFB6FFC7F

treatment provided by

Marcus

scientific name

Comibaena signifera
status

 

COMIBAENA SIGNIFERA SUBARGENTARIA ( OBERTHÜR, 1916) View in CoL ( FIGS 24 View Figures 1–26 , 78 View Figures 67–78 , 128 View Figures 108–131 , 190 View Figures 188–199 )

Phorodesma subargentaria Oberthür, 1916: 105 View in CoL , pl. 387, figure 3265. Syntypes 4♂, Oriental frontier of Tibet. (ZFMK)

Comibaena signifera subargentaria: Prout, 1933: 93 View in CoL .

Comibaena subargentaria: Prout, 1935: 12 View in CoL , pl. 2g.

Type material examined: China: 1♂, syntype, Frontière orientale du Thibet, Chasseurs indigènes du P. Déjean, 1906 ( ZFMK) ; 1♂, syntype, Ta-Lou, Yuin- Kin, 1899, Chasseurs indigènes ( ZFMK) .

Additional material examined: China: 25♂ 4♀, southern China, April to September ( IZCAS, BMNH)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet).

COMIBAENA TAKASAGO OKANO, 1960 View in CoL

( FIGS 25 View Figures 1–26 , 79 View Figures 79–90 , 129 View Figures 108–131 , 191 View Figures 188–199 )

Comibaena takasago Okano, 1960: 9 View in CoL , pl. 8, figure 5; text–figures 1, 2. Holotype ♂, Formosa [ Taiwan] (central): Nantow-hsien, Jen-ai-hsiang. (BMNH)

Diagnosis: The wing pattern of Comibaena takasago is unique within Comibaena in having a band-like submarginal line on the hindwing, which is brown, with white inside, and expanded on the costa and the inner margin, and is located more proximally than in other congeners.

The male genitalia of Comibaena takasago are similar to those of Comibaena flavicans and Comibaena chalybeata ( India) , and share the truncate, spinose apex of the costal lobe. The ventral distal tooth is larger and of a similar length in Comibaena takasago and Comibaena flavicans , but smaller in Comibaena chalybeata . The vinculum is deeply concave in Comibaena takasago , shallowly concave in Comibaena flavicans and very slightly so in Comibaena chalybeata . In the female genitalia, the sterigma is very large, rounded, ring-like, and expanded laterally, with the posterior margin narrowly concave at the middle.

Type material examined: China: holotype, ♂, Jen-aihsiang, Nantow-hsien, C. Formosa , v.1958, Inoue Coll. B.M. 1992-71, BMNH slides no. 16634 ( BMNH) .

Additional material examined: China: 2♂ 4♀, southern China, June ( IZCAS) .

Distribution: China (Henan, Hunan, Taiwan).

COMIBAENA FLAVICANS INOUE, 1982 View in CoL

( FIGS 26 View Figures 1–26 , 80 View Figures 79–90 , 130 View Figures 108–131 )

Comibaena flavicans Inoue, 1982: 132 View in CoL , figures 3c, 4c. Holotype ♂, Nepal (central): Kalbani , Kaligandaki. (BMNH)

Diagnosis: The moths of Comibaena flavicans are distinctive in having white discal markings on both wings, which are curved on the forewing. The white antemedial line of the forewing is straight, directed obliquely outwards; the postmedial line is slightly sinuous, extending slightly on veins, and bending proximally posterior to CuA 2, where it appears as a yellowish oblong patch. The tornal angle of the hindwing has a small, round, white patch, bordered with yellowish-brown, with a yellowish zigzag marking proximately. For other features see under the previous species.

Type material examined: Nepal: holotype, ♂, Kalbani, Kaligandaki, C . Nepal, 12.vii.1969, Coll. T. Miyashita, Inoue Coll. B.M. 1992-71 ( BMNH) .

Additional material examined: China: 2♀, Tibet, July ( IZCAS) .

Distribution: China (Tibet), Nepal.

COMIBAENA NIGROMACULARIA ( LEECH, 1897) View in CoL

( FIGS 27 View Figures 27–54 , 81 View Figures 79–90 , 131 View Figures 108–131 , 161 View Figures 156–175 , 192 View Figures 188–199 )

Euchloris nigromacularia Leech, 1897: 237 View in CoL . Syntypes 2♀, China (west): Chow-pin-sa; Japan: Yokohama. ( BMNH)

Uliocnemis delicatior Warren, 1897b: 391 View in CoL . Holotype ♀, Japan. (BMNH)

Comibaena nigromacularia: Prout, 1912: 100 View in CoL .

Phorodesma eurynomaria Oberthür, 1916: 106 View in CoL , pl. 388, figure 3274. Syntype (s), China: Tse-kou. (ZFMK)

Comibaena nigromacularia delicatior: Inoue, 1961: 73 View in CoL , pl. 6: 138.

Diagnosis: This and the next species, Comibaena subdelicata , resemble each other in having the forewing postmedial line angled on M 1, a tornal patch on the forewing, and a dark apical patch on the hindwing. In Comibaena nigromacularia the forewing postmedial line is pointed on M 1 but convex in Comibaena subdelicata ; the tornal patch of the former species is orange but blackish in the latter; the hindwing apical patch is tinged with reddish scales in Comibaena nigromacularia but black in Comibaena subdelicata ; and the submarginal line on the hindwing is close to the outer margin in Comibaena nigromacularia but more distant in Comibaena subdelicata .

The male genitalia have a petal-like costal lobe, with a tiny pointed process. The vinculum is short, shallowly concave at the middle, and its branches are short and broad. The aedeagus is slender, spinose, and expanded in a bulb at the middle, the posterior half of which is spinulose. The eighth sternite possesses a tiny pointed tooth at the middle of the posterior margin.

In the female genitalia, the sterigma is nearly oval. The seventh sternite is laterally sclerotized anterior to the ostium.

Type material examined: Euchloris nigromacularia : China: 1♀, syntype, Chow-Pin-Sa, 5000 ft, native coll, v. & vi.1890, Leech Coll. 1900-64, BMNH slide no. 11766 ( BMNH) . Uliocnemis delicatior : Japan: ♀, holotype of Comibaena delicatior , Japan, Rothschild Bequest, B.M.1939-1, slide no. 17270 ( BMNH) . Phorodesma eurynomaria : China: 1♂, syntype, Tsekou, P. Dubernard, 1898 ( ZFMK) .

Additional material examined: China: 83♂ 27♀, northern to southern China, April to October ( IZCAS) ; Japan: 3♂ 1♀, May to July ( BMNH, ZFMK) ; Russia: 1♂, far east Russia ( ZFMK) .

Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Beijing, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Russia, Japan, Korean Peninsula.

COMIBAENA SUBDELICATA INOUE, 1986 View in CoL

( FIGS 28 View Figures 27–54 , 82 View Figures 79–90 , 132 View Figures 132–155 )

Comibaena subdelicata Inoue, 1986: 52 View in CoL , figures 6c, d, 7c, d. Holotype ♂, Japan: Yakushima , Nagata. (BMNH)

Diagnosis: For external differences, see under previous species. The uncus of the male genitalia is fused basally, and bifid terminally with slender branches. The ventral part of the costal lobe is spinose. The vinculum is deeply concave. In the female genitalia (from Inoue, 1986: fig. 7D), the sterigma is a sclerotized ring, the ductus bursae is slender, and the corpus bursae very weak. The eighth sternite of the male is trapeziform, and its posterior margin is well sclerotized.

Type material examined: Japan: holotype, ♂, Nagata, Yakushima , Japan, 16.vi.1972, T. Watanabe, Inoue Coll. B.M. 1992-71, BMNH slide no. 16514 ( BMNH) .

Additional material examined: China: 3♂ 7♀, southern China, May to July, September ( IZCAS, ZFMK) .

Distribution: China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan), Japan.

The Comibaena procumbaria species group

This species group contains eight species, which have simple valvae. Three species Comibaena procumbaria , Comibaena subprocumbaria , and Comibaena tenuisaria are similar in having a white apical patch on the hindwing.

The terminal extension of the male hind tibia is of similar length to the first tarsus in the species Comibaena procumbaria , Comibaena subprocumbaria , Comibaena tenuisaria , and Comibaena swanni , absent in Comibaena birectilinea and Comibaena cenocraspis , and has not been examined in Comibaena hypolampes and Comibaena latilinea .

Five species ( Comibaena cenocraspis , Comibaena hypolampes , Comibaena latilinea , Comibaena swanni , and Comibaena birectilinea ) resemble members of Thetidia in wing pattern in having almost straight distinct antemedial and postmedial lines on the forewing, and a white submarginal line on the hindwing (indistinct in Comibaena latilinea and absent in Comibaena swanni ). All the male genitalia of these five species are simple, and quite similar to the pattern of Thetidia . However, species included in Thetidia usually lack the frenulum, which is present in Comibaena : as these five species also possess a frenulum, we maintained them in Comibaena .

COMIBAENA PROCUMBARIA ( PRYER, 1877) View in CoL

( FIGS 29 View Figures 27–54 , 83 View Figures 79–90 , 133 View Figures 132–155 , 162 View Figures 156–175 , 193 View Figures 188–199 )

Euchloris procumbaria Pryer, 1877: 232 View in CoL , pl. 4: 2. Syntype (s), China: Shanghai. (BMNH)

Comibaena vaga Butler, 1881: 410 View in CoL . Syntype (s), Japan: Tokyo. (BMNH)

Comibaena procumbaria: Prout, 1913a: 20 View in CoL , pl. 2b.

Diagnosis: This species and Comibaena subprocumbaria lack or have only very faint transverse lines on the upperside, but bear distinct, dark green postmedial lines on the underside. The only difference between these two species lies in the white apical patch on the hindwing, which is smaller and reaches only to M 1 in Comibaena procumbaria , with veins Rs showing brown inside, whereas it is larger and reaches to M 2 in Comibaena subprocumbaria , with veins Rs and M 1 showing brown inside. The male and female genitalia could not be differentiated.

The posterior margin of the male eighth tergite is widely concave, forming two blunt processes. The eighth sternite protrudes at the middle with a slightly concave margin.

Type material examined: Euchloris procumbaria : China: 1♀, syntype, Shanghai, 80.123 ( BMNH). Comibaena vaga : Japan: 1♂, syntype , Japan, Jokei , 80.97 ( BMNH) .

Additional material examined: China: 39♂ 7♀, northern to southern China, May to August, March and October in Hong Kong ( IZCAS, BMNH, ZFMK) ; Japan: 4♂ 1♀, June to July ( BMNH, ZFMK) .

Distribution: China (Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Gansu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan), Japan, Korean Peninsula.

COMIBAENA SUBPROCUMBARIA ( OBERTHÜR, 1916) View in CoL

( FIGS 30 View Figures 27–54 , 84 View Figures 79–90 , 134 View Figures 132–155 , 194 View Figures 188–199 )

Phorodesma subprocumbaria Oberthür, 1916: 103 View in CoL , pl. 387, figure 3259. Syntype (s), China: Siao-lou. (ZFMK)

Comibaena subprocumbaria: Prout, 1933: 93 View in CoL .

Diagnosis: See the previous species.

Type material examined: China: 1♀, type, Siao-Lou, Chasseurs Indigènes, du P. Déjean, 1903 ( ZFMK) .

Additional material examined: China: 66♂ 24♀, almost all of China, March to October ( IZCAS, BMNH, ZFMK) .

Distribution: China (Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet).

Remarks: There remains some doubt about the validity of the specific separation of this species from Comibaena procumbaria . However as we have not found intermediates, we leave them separated for the time being. Rearing may be necessary for certainty.

COMIBAENA TENUISARIA (GRAESER, 1889)

( FIGS 31 View Figures 27–54 , 85 View Figures 79–90 , 135 View Figures 132–155 , 163 View Figures 156–175 , 195 View Figures 188–199 )

Phorodesma tenuisaria Graeser, 1889: 385 View in CoL . Holotype ♂, Russia: Amurlandes , Vladivostok.

Euchloris tenuisaria: Staudinger, 1901: 262 .

Comibaena tenuisaria: Prout, 1912: 99 View in CoL .

Diagnosis: Unlike the two previous species, Comibaena tenuisaria has slender antemedial and postmedial lines on the forewing; the apical patch on the hindwing differs from the previous two species in that it terminates at M 1, contains within it a perfect reddish-brown ‘8’ marking, and its proximal margin is wavy and bordered by a white submarginal line.

In the male genitalia, the uncus of Comibaena tenuisaria is longer than that of Comibaena subprocumbaria and Comibaena procumbaria ; the socii are slightly curved, but not as strongly as in Comibaena procumbaria . The costa of the valva of Comibaena tenuisaria is slightly concave, in contrast to the slight convexity in Comibaena subprocumbaria and Comibaena procumbaria , and the branches of the vinculum are narrower than in those two species.

The posterior margin of the male eighth segment is shallowly concave in the tergite and flat in the sternite.

The female genitalia resemble those of members of Thetidia in having a small, bulb-like sterigma and distinct antrum, which is situated at the middle of the sterigma, with the posterior margin slightly concave.

Material examined: 2♂ 12♀, southern China , May to July ( IZCAS, ZFMK); North Korea : 1♂ ( ZFMK); Russia : 5♂, Far East, July to August ( BMNH, ZFMK) .

Distribution: China (Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian), Russia, Korean Peninsula.

COMIBAENA CENOCRASPIS PROUT, 1926 View in CoL

FIGS 32 View Figures 27–54 , 86 View Figures 79–90 , 136 View Figures 132–155 , 164 View Figures 156–175 , 196 View Figures 188–199 )

Comibaena cenocraspis Prout, 1926: 133 View in CoL . Syntypes 7♂, Upper Burma, Hparé. (BMNH)

Diagnosis: This and the next three species have similar patterns, and are best considered together. Comibaena cenocraspis and Comibaena hypolampes lack discal spots on the underside, which are present in Comibaena latilinea and Comibaena swanni ; only Comibaena latilinea has a distinct brown terminal line; the fringes are brown in Comibaena swanni but whitish in the other three species; the first two species have white submarginal lines.

These four species have only small differences in the male genitalia: for example, the costa in Comibaena cenocraspis and Comibaena hypolampes is slightly swollen, whereas it bears a tiny subapical sclerite in Comibaena latilinea and is distinctly expanded apically in Comibaena swanni . The vinculum is shallowly bifurcate in Comibaena swanni but deeply so in the other three species. The branches of the vinculum in Comibaena hypolampes are considerably narrower than in Comibaena cenocraspis and Comibaena latilinea , and strongly hooked. The uncus is much shorter than the socii in Comibaena latilinea and Comibaena swanni .

The female genitalia bear a rounded sterigma, and more than half of the posterior margin of the antrum is concave.

Type material examined: Myanmar: 3♂, syntypes, Hparê , north-east Burma, ix.1923, A.E. Swann XII, L.B. Prout Coll. B.M. 1939-643 ( BMNH) ; 1♂, syntype, same data, BMNH slide no. 21779 ( BMNH) ; 1♂, syntype, same data, Joicey Bequest, Brit. Mus. 1934- 120 ( BMNH) ; 1♂, syntype, same data ( ZFMK) .

Additional material examined: China: 8♂ 2♀, southern China, April , July to August ( IZCAS, BMNH) .

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan), India, Myanmar.

COMIBAENA HYPOLAMPES PROUT, 1918 View in CoL

( FIGS 33 View Figures 27–54 , 87 View Figures 79–90 , 137 View Figures 132–155 )

Comibaena hypolampes Prout, 1918: 19 View in CoL . Syntype (s) ♂, China: Tibet, Vrianatong. (BMNH)

Diagnosis: As for Comibaena cenocraspis . The antemedial and postmedial lines are broader than in Comibaena cenocraspis . The eighth sternite of the male is slightly concave at the middle of the posterior margin.

Type material examined: China: 1♂, syntype (maybe holotype), Vrianatong , Tibet, Joicey Coll., B.M. 1929- 122 ( BMNH) .

Additional material examined: China: 35♂ 5♀, northern Yunnan, July to August ( IZCAS, ZFMK) .

Distribution: China (Yunnan, Tibet).

COMIBAENA LATILINEA PROUT, 1912 View in CoL

( FIGS 34 View Figures 27–54 , 88 View Figures 79–90 , 138 View Figures 132–155 , 165 View Figures 156–175 )

Comibaena latilinea Prout, 1912: 101 View in CoL . Holotype ♂, China (west): Pu-tsu-Fong. (BMNH)

Phorodesma theodoraria Oberthür, 1916: 114 View in CoL , pl. 388, figure 3277. Syntypes 2♂, China: Szechwan [Sichuan], Tachien-lu [Kangding] region. (ZFMK)

Diagnosis: As for Comibaena cenocraspis . The male eighth sternite is identical to that of Comibaena hypolampes .

Material examined: China: 1♂, holotype, Pu-tsu- Fang, 9820 ft, native coll. vi.-vii.1890, Leech Coll. 1900-64 ( BMNH) ; 1♂, syntype of Phorodesma theodoraria : Ta-tsien-Lou, Chasseurs du P. Déjean, 1904 ( ZFMK) .

Distribution: China (Sichuan).

ZFMK

Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig

IZCAS

Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Lepidoptera

Family

Geometridae

Genus

Comibaena

Loc

Comibaena signifera

Han, Hongxiang, Galsworthy, Anthony C. & Xue, Dayong 2012
2012
Loc

Comibaena subdelicata Inoue, 1986: 52

Inoue H 1986: 52
1986
Loc

Comibaena flavicans Inoue, 1982: 132

Inoue H 1982: 132
1982
Loc

Comibaena nigromacularia delicatior:

Inoue H 1961: 73
1961
Loc

Comibaena takasago Okano, 1960: 9

Okano M 1960: 9
1960
Loc

Comibaena subargentaria:

Prout LB 1935: 12
1935
Loc

Comibaena signifera subargentaria: Prout, 1933: 93

Prout LB 1933: 93
1933
Loc

Comibaena subprocumbaria: Prout, 1933: 93

Prout LB 1933: 93
1933
Loc

Comibaena cenocraspis Prout, 1926: 133

Prout LB 1926: 133
1926
Loc

Comibaena hypolampes Prout, 1918: 19

Prout LB 1918: 19
1918
Loc

Phorodesma subargentaria Oberthür, 1916: 105

Oberthur C 1916: 105
1916
Loc

Phorodesma eurynomaria Oberthür, 1916: 106

Oberthur C 1916: 106
1916
Loc

Phorodesma subprocumbaria Oberthür, 1916: 103

Oberthur C 1916: 103
1916
Loc

Phorodesma theodoraria Oberthür, 1916: 114

Oberthur C 1916: 114
1916
Loc

Comibaena procumbaria: Prout, 1913a: 20

Prout LB 1913: 20
1913
Loc

Comibaena nigromacularia: Prout, 1912: 100

Prout LB 1912: 100
1912
Loc

Comibaena tenuisaria: Prout, 1912: 99

Prout LB 1912: 99
1912
Loc

Comibaena latilinea Prout, 1912: 101

Prout LB 1912: 101
1912
Loc

Euchloris tenuisaria:

Staudinger O 1901: 262
1901
Loc

Euchloris nigromacularia

Leech JH 1897: 237
1897
Loc

Uliocnemis delicatior

Warren W 1897: 391
1897
Loc

Comibaena vaga

Butler AG 1881: 410
1881
Loc

Euchloris procumbaria

Pryer WB 1877: 232
1877
Darwin Core Archive (for parent article) View in SIBiLS Plain XML RDF