Anchylorhynchus multisquamis, De & Vanin, 2020

De, Bruno A. S. & Vanin, Sergio A., 2020, Systematic revision and morphological phylogenetic analysis of Anchylorhynchus Schoenherr, 1836 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Derelomini), Zootaxa 4839 (1), pp. 1-98 : 42-44

Anchylorhynchus multisquamis sp. nov.

http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBB1F8A8-5AF9-4CE8-88C6-1755F98396D1

( Figures 8P , 9F , 12A , 16C , 18C , 22G )

Holotype: Male ; Warnes, La Belgica, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; 19-II-1989; Paolo Bettella col.; in flowers of “ Syagrus sp”. Deposited in UASC.

Description. Male: Body size (length of elytra + pronotum) 5.5 mm.

Head: Rostrum 1.3 times as long as pronotum; 1.5 times wider at apex than at base; integument reddish to dark brown; with seven longitudinal carinae (including a pair along scrobes) distinct throughout their length; scrobes parallel to rostrum; apex covered by microsetae; areas between dorsal carinae covered by wide yellowish scales, distinctively narrower towards the apex of rostrum, directed toward the central carina. Eyes 1.6 times as high as wide; 0.9 times more separated above than below. Head integument reddish to dark brown, similar to rostrum; entirely covered by yellow scales directed to the inter-ocular fovea. Antennae with scape straight, barely reaching anterior eye margin; funicle: antennomere I only slightly wider II, II about as long as I and about 2 times as long as III, VI as wide as long and narrower than club; club about as long as antennomeres IV–VI of the funicle. Left mandible with outer margin straight; with one dorsal seta; outer tooth evenly not forming a sharp angle, with somewhat blunt apex; inner tooth well-developed; molar region straight. Left maxilla not observed. Labium prementum slightly narrower than postmentum, about 2 times as wide as long.

Thorax: Pronotum width at base 1.8 times pronotum length; base slightly lobed at middle; lateral margins in dorsal view convergent from base to apex, with an inflexion in the median region, without apical constriction; integument brown, similar to head; entirely covered by uniformly yellowish scales; scales on disk mostly directed to the base. Profemur approximately 3 times as long as wide; dorsal margin with curvature about as pronounced as ventral margin; tooth inconspicuous; about 2.5 times as wide as protibia. Protarsus with tarsomere I about as long as tarsomere III; tarsomeres I and II slightly wider than long; with short and dense setae on the ventral surface, without sparse and long setae on the sides. Scutellum 0.9 times longer than wide; integument brown, the same color as elytra; scales yellowish. Elytra 1.3 times wider than pronotum; 1.5 times longer than wide; 3.4 times longer than pronotum; humeri rounded; lateral margins subparallel, only slightly wider at middle; dorsal region with yellowish scales; epipleura without a marked inflexion on interval IX, covered by dark scales. Ventral region of thorax integument brown, similar to dorsal region; scales distinctively lighter than those in pronotum. Hypomeron densely covered by mostly non-overlapping scales with truncated apex, larger and wider than those in pronotum; scales next to coxal cavities with size similar to others. Prosternum length 0.8 times the width of coxae; postocular lobes indistinct, with apical-lateral margin of prothorax regularly curved to slightly sinuate; covered by overlapping scales with truncated apex, similar to or slightly wider than those in pronotum. Metepisternum entirely covered by overlapping scales. Metasternum without a marked central concavity; covered by scales in the center.

Abdomen: Ventrites III–V covered by narrow scales. Aedeagus about 3 times as long as wide; about 6 times as long as high; slightly wider at opening; without an anterior process; ventral plate thin and barely sclerotized, extending to approximately 0.3 times the length of apodemes. Apodemes about 1.5 times as long as aedeagus. Endophallus with a pair of elongate sclerites anterior to the basal sclerite and with one pair of membranous pockets containing microtrichae next to the basal sclerite; microtrichae of the apical region not organized in bands.

Female: Body size 5.8–6.0 mm. Rostrum 1.2 times longer than pronotum; width at apex 1.3 times width at base. Eyes 1.7 times as high as wide; 1.0 times more separated above than below. Pronotum 1.6–1.7 times as wide at base as long. Prosternum length 1.0–1.0 times the coxal width. Scutellum 1.0–1.0 times as long as wide. Elytra 1.4–1.4 times as wide as pronotum; 1.4–1.5 times as long as wide; 3.3–3.3 times as long as pronotum. Ventrites III and IV with posterior retraction not sinuate and restricted to the posterior end of the segment.

Etymology. Named after the very dense often overlapping vestiture in the dorsal and ventral regions.

Remarks. This species with relatively large size and densely covered in yellow scales except for the dark scales in the epipleura ( Figure12A ) can be confused with the yellow specimens of Anchylorhynchus burmeisteri ( Figure 11A ). However, it is smaller than the latter and the scales in the ventral region are uniformly pale yellow throughout, instead of a pattern of dark and yellow scales as in A. burmeisteri . Additionally, A. multisquamis is the only species of Anchylorhynchus with pronotal scales directed to the base throughout the pronotum, not only in the basal half ( Figure 8P ).

Geographical Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality in Santa Cruz, Bolivia ( Figure 24 ) .

Host Plants. Specimen labels indicate that the type series was sampled from an unidentified species of Syagrus .

Examined Specimens. Type Material. BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Warnes, La Belgica, Paolo Bettella, 19/II/1989 (♂ holotype Anchylorhynchus multisquamis UASC, 1♀ paratype Anchylorhynchus multisquamis MZSP, 1♀ paratype Anchylorhynchus multisquamis UASC) .

Figures

FIGURE 8. Prothorax of all Anchylorhynchus species. Except for A. parcus, only known from the male holotype, the thorax of a male (left) and a female (right) are shown for each species. Arrows show the direction of scales in each position. Scale: 500 µm. A A. aegrotus. B A. albidus. C A. amazonicus. D A. bicarinatus. E A. bicolor. F A. bucki. G A. burmeisteri. H A. camposi. I A. centrosquamatus (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). J A. chrysomeloides. K A. goiano. L A. imitator. M A. latipes. N A. luteobrunneus (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). O A. minimus. P A. multisquamis. Q A. parcus. R A. pinocchio (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). S A. rectus. T A. trapezicollis U A. tremolerasi V A. tricarinatus W A. vanini X A. variabilis Y A. vittipennis.

FIGURE 9. Prothorax of species of Anchylorhynchus, lateral view. Scales: 500 µm. A A. camposi. B A. rectus, showing larger scales next to coxal cavities. C A. bicarinatus, showing scales in the hypomeron larger than in the pronotum. D A. tricarinatus, showing scales in the hypomeron larger than in the pronotum. E A. goiano, showing larger scales next to coxal cavities. F A. multisquamis, showing dense vestiture in the hypomeron. G A. tremolerasi, female. H A. tremolerasi, male, showing sexual dimorphism with larger scales next to coxal cavities.

FIGURE 11. Habitus of species of Anchylorhynchus (continued). Some images are mirrored in relation to originals. Scales: 1 mm. A–B A. burmeisteri. C A. camposi. D A. centrosquamatus (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). E A. chrysomeloides. F A. goiano. G A. imitator. H A. latipes I–K A. luteobrunneus (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). L A. minimus.

FIGURE 12. Habitus of species of Anchylorhynchus (continued). Some images are mirrored in relation to originals. Scales: 1 mm. A A. multisquamis. B A. pinocchio (male). C A. pinocchio (female). D A. parcus (male holotype). Photographed by Johannes Bergsten © 2017 Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Background removed from original photo, light levels and contrast adjusted. Made available by the Swedish Museum of Natural History under CC-BY 4.0 international license. E A. rectus. F A. trapezicollis. G–L A. tremolerasi.

FIGURE 16. Meso- and metathorax of species of Anchylorhynchus, lateral view. Scales: 500 µm. A A. camposi. B A. burmeisteri. C A. multisquamis. D A. variabilis.

FIGURE 18. Prolegs of species of Anchylorhynchus. Scales: 500 µm. A A. burmeisteri, male. B A. camposi, male. C A. multisquamis, male. D A. minimus, male. E A. pinocchio, male. F A. tricarinatus, male. G A. variabilis, male. H A. trapezicollis, male. I A. trapezicollis, female. J A. latipes, male. K A. latipes, female.

FIGURE 22. Male genitalia of species of Anchylorhynchus (continued). Scales: 500 µm. A A. chrysomeloides B A. goiano C A. imitator D A. latipes E A. luteobrunneus (reproduced from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda, 2013). F A. minimus. G A. multisquamis. H A. pinocchio (reproduced from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda, 2013). I A. rectus.

FIGURE 24. Geographical distribution of species of Anchylorhynchus based on specimens examined, excluding suspicious locations as indicated in the main text. The distribution of A. parcus is unknown. A A. aegrotus, A. albidus, A. amazonicus, A. centrosquamatus. B A. bicarinatus, A. bicolor, A. burmeisteri, A. rectus. C A. bucki, A. goiano, A. imitator, A. luteobrunneus. D A. camposi, A. minimus, A. multisquamis, A. tremolerasi. E A. latipes, A. pinocchio, A. trapezicollis, A. vittipennis. F A. chrysomeloides, A. tricarinatus, A. vanini, A. variabilis.