Anchylorhynchus pinocchio de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda, 2013

De, Bruno A. S. & Vanin, Sergio A., 2020, Systematic revision and morphological phylogenetic analysis of Anchylorhynchus Schoenherr, 1836 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Derelomini), Zootaxa 4839 (1), pp. 1-98 : 45-47

Anchylorhynchus pinocchio de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda, 2013

( Figures 2 C–D, 3E, 6D, 8R, 12 B–C, 18E, 22H)

Anchylorhynchus pinocchio de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda, 2013:395 , Figs. 1 A–B, 2A, 3A (description). Holotype: Male ; Corregimiento Morichal, Yopal, Casanare, Colombia; 30-IX-2010; L. Núñez & J. Carreño col.; in inflorescence of Syagrus sancona . Deposited in ICN, images examined.

Redescription. Male: Body size (length of elytra + pronotum) 4.8–5.7 mm.

Head: Rostrum 2.1–2.7 times as long as pronotum; 1.1–1.3 times wider at apex than at base; integument black; with seven longitudinal carinae (including a pair along scrobes), the two lateralmost pairs indistinct at base; scrobes obliquely directed ventrally; apex covered by microsetae; areas between dorsal carinae covered by yellowish scales; scales narrow to setiform at base and setiform at the apex of rostrum, directed toward the central carina. Eyes 1.0–1.1 times as high as wide; 0.7–0.8 times more separated above than below. Head integument brown, lighter than rostrum; entirely covered by yellow scales directed to the inter-ocular fovea. Antennae with scape curved, clearly reaching beyond anterior eye margin; funicle: antennomere I of funicle only slightly wider than II, II longer than I and about 1.5 times as long as III, VI longer than wide and about as wide as club; club shorter than antennomere VI of the funicle. Left mandible with outer margin straight; with one dorsal seta; outer tooth not forming a sharp angle, with strongly acute apex; inner tooth well-developed; molar region straight. Left maxilla with stipes moderately elongate, with a long ventral seta; galeo-lacinial complex almost reaching the apex of palpomere I; palpiger with elongate vental region, dorsal region with an obtuse angle at base; palpomere I with two apical setae shorter than the length of palpomere I; palpomere II longer than palpomere I. Labium prementum almost as wide as postmentum, almost as long as wide, lateral margins parallel in median region, angled in lateral-apical region, with two oblique rows of setae in dorsal region; ligula about as long as half the length of prementum; palps separated by less than half the width of palpomere I; palpomere I approximately as long as wide; palpomere II approximately as long as palpomere III; palpomere III with one lateral seta.

Thorax: Pronotum width at base 1.4–1.5 times pronotum length; base slightly lobed at middle; lateral margins in dorsal view parallel from base to median region, then convergent to apex, sometimes with a subtle apical constriction; integument brown, similar to head; entirely covered by uniformly yellowish scales; scales on basal half of disk directed to the base. Profemur approximately 8 times as long as wide; dorsal margin with curvature about as pronounced as ventral margin; tooth inconspicuous; about 2 times as wide as protibia. Protarsus tarsomere I more than 3 times as long as tarsomere III; tarsomeres I and II much longer than wide, together about as long as tibia; without short and dense setae on the ventral surface, only sparse and long setae on the sides. Scutellum 0.9–1.3 times longer than wide; integument brown, similar to elytra; scales yellowish. Elytra 1.3–1.5 times wider than pronotum; 1.6–1.9 times longer than wide; 3.4–3.6 times longer than pronotum; humeri with a well-defined angle; lateral margins distinctively wider at middle; dorsal region with yellowish scales; epipleura without a marked inflexion on interval IX, covered by yellow scales similar to disk. Ventral region of thorax integument brown, similar color to dorsal region; scales yellow, similar to or slightly lighter than those in pronotum. Hypomeron densely covered by mostly non-overlapping scales with truncate or acuminate apex, larger and wider than those in pronotum; scales next to coxal cavities with size similar to others. Prosternum length 0.8–1.0 times the width of coxae; postocular lobes indistinct, with apical-lateral margin of prothorax regularly curved to slightly sinuate; covered by overlapping scales with acuminate apex narrower than those in pronotum. Metepisternum entirely covered by overlapping scales. Metasternum without a central concavity; with long setae in the center.

Abdomen: Ventrites III–V covered by recumbent setae. Aedeagus 2–2.5 times as long as wide; about 6 times as long as high; slightly wider at opening; with a truncated anterior process; ventral plate thin and barely sclerotized, extending to approximately 0.3 times the length of apodemes. Apodemes about 2.5 times as long as aedeagus. Endophallus membranous and slightly sclerotized in area anterior to basal sclerite; microtrichae of the apical region not organized in bands.

Female: Body size 4.5–5.1 mm. Rostrum 1.6–1.7 times longer than pronotum; width at apex 1.0 times width at base. Eyes 1.0–1.1 times as high as wide; 0.7 times more separated above than below. Pronotum 1.5–1.6 times as wide at base as long; lateral margins in dorsal view converging from the base with a moderate inflexion at the middle. Prosternum length 0.8–1.0 times the coxal width; Protarsus with two most proximal tarsomeres longer than wide, but clearly shorter than the tibia. Protarsus without long setae; Scutellum 0.9–1.0 times as long as wide. Elytra 1.4–1.6 times as wide as pronotum; 1.6–1.7 times as long as wide; 3.7–4.0 times as long as pronotum. Ventrites III and IV with posterior retraction not sinuate and reaching the middle of the segment.

Remarks. The black seven-carinate rostrum with irregular carinae at base ( Figure 2 C–D) is shared with Anchylorhynchus albidus and distinguishes both from other species. Anchylorhynchus pinocchio , however, has an inflexion in the middle of the lateral pronotal margins and scales of the median basal region are oriented to the base ( Figure 8R ), while Anchylorhynchus albidus has evenly curved pronotal margins with scales directed to the apex or center ( Figure 8B ). Males are further distinguished from this and other species of Anchylorhynchus by their extremely long rostrum, antennae and prolegs ( Figure 12B ). Females can be distinguished from all species by the rostrum not widened at apex and by the antennal scape extending beyond the anterior margin of the eye ( Figure 2D ). This is the only species of Anchylorhynchus with a distinctly sexually dimorphic rostrum.

Geographical Distribution. This species is known from Casanare, Colombia and Santa Cruz, Bolivia ( Figure 24 ).

Host Plants. Syagrus sancona H. Karst.

The type series was sampled directly from flowers of S. sancona , in which this species is a minor pollinator ( Núñez-Avellaneda 2014). The additional locality in Santa Cruz, Bolivia is part of the range of S. sancona .

Examined Specimens. Type Material. COLOMBIA. Casanare: Yopal , Corregimiento Morichal, L. A. Núñez, 11/VI/2008 (1♀ paratype Anchylorhynchus pinocchio MZSP); Sabanalarga, Vereda Piñal, L.A. Núñez, 20/VIII/2010 (2♀, 4♂ paratypes Anchylorhynchus pinocchio MZSP, 1♂ paratype Anchylorhynchus pinocchio CMNC) .

Other Material. BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Saavedra Res., C. R . Ward & C. W. O’Brien, 25/ III /1978 (1♀ ASUCOB); 27/ III /1978 (1♂ ASUCOB) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Measurements taken and views used to take them, exemplified with a male of A. aegrotus. Scales: 500 µm. A Head, dorsal view: rostrum width at apex, rostrum width at base, distance between eyes above, head width. B Head, lateral view: rostrum length. C Head, ventral view: distance between eyes below. D Eye, frontal view: eye height and eye length. E Prothorax, dorsal view: prothorax length, prothorax width at base, scutellum length, scutellum width (in case scutellum at a different angle, an additional view with a detail of the scutellum was used). F Prosternum, ventral view: length of prosternum, coxal width. G Elytra, dorsal view: width of one elytrum. H Elytra, lateral view: length of elytra. I Proleg, lateral view: length of profemur, width of profemur, length of protibial, width of protibial. J Antenna, lateral view: length of scape, width of scape, length of each antennomere of the funicle, width of each antennomere of the funicle, length of club, width of club. K Male genitalia, dorsal view: width of aedeagus at base. L Male genitalia, lateral view: Length of aedeagus following the ventral curvature, length of ventral sclerotization beyond the insertion of apodemes, height of aedeagus, length of an apodeme following its curvature.

FIGURE 2. Heads of species of Anchylorhynchus. Scale: 500 µm. A A. centrosquamatus, male, showing five well-defined dorsal carinae in the rostrum and scales on the head directed to the interocular fovea. B A. centrosquamatus, male, showing the pairs of lateral carinae along the scrobe, totaling 7 carinae in the rostrum. C A. pinocchio, female, showing five dorsal carinae poorly defined towards the base. D A. pinocchio, female, showing the lateral carinae poorly defined towards the base. E A. aegrotus, showing scales in the head smaller and directed to the base of the head. F A. burmeisteri, showing scales in the head directed to the rostrum. G A. tricarinatus, male, showing three well-defined dorsal carinae. H A. tricarinatus, male, showing no lateral carinae. I A. bicarinatus, male, with three well-defined dorsal carinae. H A. bicarinatus, male, with only two dorsal carinae and no central carina.

FIGURE 8. Prothorax of all Anchylorhynchus species. Except for A. parcus, only known from the male holotype, the thorax of a male (left) and a female (right) are shown for each species. Arrows show the direction of scales in each position. Scale: 500 µm. A A. aegrotus. B A. albidus. C A. amazonicus. D A. bicarinatus. E A. bicolor. F A. bucki. G A. burmeisteri. H A. camposi. I A. centrosquamatus (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). J A. chrysomeloides. K A. goiano. L A. imitator. M A. latipes. N A. luteobrunneus (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). O A. minimus. P A. multisquamis. Q A. parcus. R A. pinocchio (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). S A. rectus. T A. trapezicollis U A. tremolerasi V A. tricarinatus W A. vanini X A. variabilis Y A. vittipennis.

FIGURE 12. Habitus of species of Anchylorhynchus (continued). Some images are mirrored in relation to originals. Scales: 1 mm. A A. multisquamis. B A. pinocchio (male). C A. pinocchio (female). D A. parcus (male holotype). Photographed by Johannes Bergsten © 2017 Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Background removed from original photo, light levels and contrast adjusted. Made available by the Swedish Museum of Natural History under CC-BY 4.0 international license. E A. rectus. F A. trapezicollis. G–L A. tremolerasi.

FIGURE 24. Geographical distribution of species of Anchylorhynchus based on specimens examined, excluding suspicious locations as indicated in the main text. The distribution of A. parcus is unknown. A A. aegrotus, A. albidus, A. amazonicus, A. centrosquamatus. B A. bicarinatus, A. bicolor, A. burmeisteri, A. rectus. C A. bucki, A. goiano, A. imitator, A. luteobrunneus. D A. camposi, A. minimus, A. multisquamis, A. tremolerasi. E A. latipes, A. pinocchio, A. trapezicollis, A. vittipennis. F A. chrysomeloides, A. tricarinatus, A. vanini, A. variabilis.