Eucnemidae, sensu Muona, 1993

Muona, Jyrki & Teräväinen, Marianna, 2020, A Re-evaluation of the Eucnemidae larval characters (Coleoptera), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60 (28), pp. 1-13 : 3

Eucnemidae : Phyllocerinae

Gilyarov (1979, figs. 1-3); Klausnitzer (1997, figs. 1-10)

Head capsule undivided (c83), disk-shaped, solid, antennae located in deep pits as in all Eucnemidae except Perothopinae (c85), in contrast to all other discussed taxa. Labrum free as in Pseudomenini, in contrast to all other discussed taxa (c88), wide, short, with long posterior arms attaching it to head capsule, a unique feature. Antennae with four antennomeres as in Pseudomeninae , Elateridae , Cerophytidae and Throscidae , in contrast to other Eucnemidae (c86). Mandibles without retinaculum as in other Eucnemidae except Perothopinae as well as Cerophytidae and Throscidae (c97), free, elongated and inwardly curved as in Pseudomenini, Perothopinae , Anischiinae and most Elateridae , different from those of Throscidae and Cerophytidae as well as other Eucnemidae . Maxillolabial complex completely fused to epicranium as in Eucnemidae except Perothopinae , Pseudomeninae and Anischiinae (c100). Presternum subtriangular, large, strongly sclerotized, darkly pig- mented, forming a single large plate. Legs five-segment- ed as in Elateridae , Cerophytidae and Throscidae , but contrary to them tiny, all other Eucnemidae with at most one-segmented legs. Abdominal segments without microtrichial patches contrary to other Eucnemidae except Perothopinae , segment IX without urogomphi. Spiracles with closing apparatus as in other Eucnemidae , all Cerophytidae and Throscidae , in contrast to Elateridae .