Throscidae, Laporte de Castelnau, 1840

Muona, Jyrki & Teräväinen, Marianna, 2020, A Re-evaluation of the Eucnemidae larval characters (Coleoptera), Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60 (28), pp. 1-13 : 8

Throscidae

Burakowski (1975)

Head capsule smooth (c84), undivided (c83), antennae located on surface as in all Elateridae and Cerophytidae , in contrast to all Eucnemidae except Perothopinae (c85). Labrum fused to head as in all other discussed taxa except Phyllocerinae and Pseudomenini (c88). Number of antennomeres not reduced as in all Elateridae and Cerophytidae , in contrast to Eucnemidae except Phyllocerinae and Pseudomeninae (c86). Mandibles without retinaculum as in most Eucnemidae and all Cerophytidae and in contrast to Perothops and Elateridae (c97), fused solidly to head, with single lateral blunt tooth, a unique feature. Maxillolabial complex contiguous with epicranium on each side but incapable of movement, as in Cerophytidae , Pseudomeninae and Anischiinae , contrary to most Eucnemidae (completely fused) and Elateridae (freely movable). Presternum undefined, proventer with two pairs of longitudinal and two pairs of transverse sclerotized rods, a unique feature. Legs five-segmented, medium-sized, as in Elateridae and Cerophytidae , much larger than in any Eucnemidae . Abdominal segments without microtrichial patches and areoles as in Elateridae and Cerophytidae , segment IX with very small, simple urogomphi. Spiracles with closing apparatus as in Eucnemidae and Cerophytidae , in contrast to Elateridae .