Paranaspides lacustris Smith, 1908

Ahyong, Shane T., Schwentner, Martin & Richter, Stefan, 2017, The Tasmanian Lake Shrimps, Paranaspides Smith, 1908 (Crustacea, Syncarida, Anaspidesidae), Records of the Australian Museum 69 (4), pp. 259-275 : 262-267

Paranaspides lacustris Smith, 1908

Figs 1–4 , 9A , 10

Paranaspides lacustris Smith, 1908: 470–471 , fig. 3–6; 1909a: 63, 71; 1909b: 492, 497, 506, 560–562, fig. 1, 4, 8, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 24–29, 49, pl. 11: fig. 2. — Manton, 1930, pl. 1. —Nicholls & Spargo, 1932: 153–155. — Nicholls, 1947: 9, 14. — Riek, 1959: 251. — Gordon, 1961: 214–221, fig. 1–5. — Williams, 1965: 95, 96, 99–105, 122, 123, 125, tab. 5. — Mayrat, 1966: 1542. — Hewer, 1967: 1. — Goede, 1967: 83. — Swain et al., 1970: 6. —Lake & Knott, 1973: 96. — Williams, 1974: 80, tab. 4.1. — Knott, 1975: 157, 177, 183, 184. — Silvey, 1980: 72. — Fulton, 1982: 23–25, fig. 1, 2 [Great Lake, Shannon Lagoon, Penstock Lagoon only]; 1983: tab. 1 [Great Lake]. — Wells et al., 1983: xliii, 275, 277, 278. —Schram, 1984: 191. —Schram & Hessler, 1984: 194. — Michaelis, 1985: 6. — Zeidler, 1985: 75. — Campbell et al., 1986: 92. —Davies & Fulton, 1987: 2, 3, 4 (unnumbered fig.), 9. — Horwitz, 1990: 65–67. —Jarman & Elliott, 2000: 625, 626, 631, 632, fig. 1, tab. 1, 2. — Ovenden et al., 1993: 227. — Richter, 1999: 171, fig. 20. — Lake et al. 2002: 12. — Camacho et al., 2002: tab. 1, fig. 1. — Serov, 2002: 8, 15, 16, fig. 46. — Bonham, 2006: 3. — Camacho, 2006: 6. —Driessen & Mallick, 2007: 1173. — Schram, 2008: 131. —Boxshall & Jaume, 2009: 245. —Coineau & Camacho, 2013: 377, 436, figs 50.6C, 50.8A, 50.11A, 50.19A–C, 50.24, 50.33. — Kutschera et al., 2015: 3–4, 17, 24, figs 1N, 3C–E, tab. 3, 4. — Richards et al., 2015: 61, 62, tab. 1. — Ahyong, 2016: 316.

Lectotype: AM P100400 , male (11 mm), Great Lake , coll. G. W. Smith, 1907–1908 . Paralectotypes: OUMNH 5403 , 1♂ (11 mm), 12 juvenile ♂♂ (6–10 mm), 1♀ ( TL 11 mm) , 11 juvenile ♀♀ (6–10 mm), 1 partial cephalothorax, Great Lake , coll. G. W. Smith , 1907–1908; AM P100401 , 1♀ (11 mm), Great Lake , coll. G. W. Smith , 1907–1908.

Other material examined. Great Lake: QVM 10:8080, 4♂♂ (12–13 mm), Great Lake, coll. Evans, 1939; USNM 29140, 1♂ (15 mm), Great Lake, coll. F. R. Schram, 26 May 1980; USNM 60112, 2♂♂ (13–15 mm), 4♀♀ (12–18 mm), Great Lake, coll. W. M. Tattersall, 1914; AM P8766, 2♂♂ (14–15 mm), 1♀ (16 mm), Great Lake, pres. J. J. Flynn; AM P56372, 1♂ (15 mm), 1♀ (20 mm), 1 juvenile ♀ (10 mm), Great Lake, #327, coll. J. W. Evans; WAM C58159, 11♂♂ (12–14 mm), 46 juvenile ♂♂ (9–11 mm), 2♀♀ (13 mm), 102 juvenile ♀♀ (9–13 mm), N end Great Lake, dredged near old shore line, coll. G. Nicholls, 25 Jan 1947; WAM C58163, 2♂♂ (11–12 mm), Great Lake, coll. G. Nicholls; WAM C11776, 1♀ (11 mm), NW corner Great Lake, coll. “H.D.”, 1 Feb 1945; WAM C11777, 1♂ (11 mm), Brandum Bay [41°48.0'S 146°41.0'E], coll.G. Nicholls, 26 Jan 1947; WAM C11795, 1♂ (11 mm), 1♀ (11 mm), Brownie Bay, Brandum Bay [41°49.84'S 146°41.09'E], coll. G. Nicholls, 26 Jan 1947; WAM C11779, 1♂ (18 mm), 3♀♀ (17–22 mm), N end Breona [41°47'S 146°42'E], near old shore line, coll. G. Nicholls, 25 Jan 1947; WAM C11778, 4 juvenile ♂♂ (10–11 mm), 1♀ (22 mm), 10 juvenile ♀ (9–11 mm), Brownie Bay [41°49.84'S 146°41.09'E], dredged, 12–15 feet, coll. G. Nicholls, 26 Jan 1947; QVM 10:49146, 1♀ (6 mm), Brandum Bay [41°48.0'S 146°41.0'E], level 2, coll.W.Fulton, 4 Dec 1976; QVM 10:49147, 1♂ (13 mm), Brandum Bay [41°48.0'S 146°41.0'E], level 2, coll. W. Fulton, 31 Mar 1975; QVM 10:49148, 1♂ (17 mm), Brandum Bay, level 2, [41°48.0'S 146°41.0'E], coll.W. Fulton, 2 Jun 1975; QVM 10:49149, 1♀ (c. 8 mm, poor condition), Brandum Bay, level 2, [41°48.0'S 146°41.0'E], coll.W.Fulton, 27 Jan 1975; WAM C58155, 1♂ (10 mm), 1 juvenile ♀ (9 mm), Beckett Bay, S end of Great Lake [41°58.06'S 146°44.80'E], 1933; QVM 10:49150, 2♂♂ (14–17 mm), Swan Bay [41°58.43'S 146°41.56'E], level 2, coll. W.Fulton, 31 Mar 1975; QVM 10:49151, 1♂ (17 mm), 1♀ (21 mm), Swan Bay [41°58.28'S 146°41.55'E], from weed on anchor ( Chara sp. ), 30 ft, coll. W. Fulton, 7 Nov 1975; AM P100405, 2♀♀ (16–20 mm), Swan Bay, #2, from Nitella bed, 6.3–6.7 m, 41°56'16"S 146°41'12"E, on SCUBA, coll. M. Reinhardt & C. Hoepel, 8 March 2017; ZSRO CR20, 2♀♀ (16–17 mm), Swan Bay, #2, from Nitella bed, 6.3–6.7 m, 41°56'16"S 146°41'12"E, on SCUBA, coll.M. Reinhardt & C. Hoepel, 8 March 2017; AM P100406, 2♀♀ (13–16 mm), Swan Bay, #3, from Nitella & Chara bed, 7.0– 7.3 m, 41°59'14"S 146°41'16"E, on SCUBA, 8 March 2017; ZSRO CR21, 3♀♀, Swan Bay, #3, from Nitella & Chara bed, 7.0– 7.3 m, 41°59'14"S 146°41'16"E, on SCUBA, 8 March 2017; AM P100408, 2♂♂ (14–15 mm), 1♀ (15 mm),Tods Corner,#1, off northeastern shore, 41°57'24"S 146°47'18"E, 6.3–7 m, sparse Chara beds, 11 March 2017; AM P100410, 1♀ (18 mm), Tods Corner, #2, off western shore, 41°57'30"S 146°47'02"E, 3–4 m, dense Chara beds, 11 March 2017; AM P100411, 2♂♂ (15 mm), 5♀♀ (14–17 mm), Tods Corner, #2, off western shore, 41°57'30"S 146°47'02"E, 3–4 m, dense Chara beds, 11 March 2017; ZSRO CR22, 4♂♂, 3♀♀, Tods Corner, #2, off western shore, 41°57'30"S 146°47'02"E, 3–4 m, dense Chara beds, 11 March 2017.

Shannon Lagoon: AM P11898, 3♂♂ (20–22 mm), Shannon Lagoon at Miena, [41°59.25'S 146°44.04'E], coll. J. Waterhouse ; QVM 10 :49160, 8♂♂ (12–15 mm), 9♀♀ (14–16 mm), Shannon Lagoon, [42°00.86'S 146°44.30'E], coll. W. Fulton, 3 Mar 1973 ; QVM 10 :49060, 3♂♂ (c. 9–10 mm, poor condition), 5♀♀ (c. 7–10 mm, poor condition), Shannon Lagoon, [41°59.50'S 146°44.33'E], coll. J. H. Wilson, 30 Jan 1965 ; AM P99513, 1♀ (19 mm), Shannon Lagoon , 41°59'10.53"S 146°44'16.9"E, 3 m, weeds, 1015 m asl, coll. S. Jarman ; NMV J37892 , 7♂♂ (16–20 mm), 5♀♀ (18–20 mm), Shannon Lagoon, 42°S 146°E, coll. B. Knott, 16 November 1972 .

Description. Pleonite 6 lower midlateral surface with arcuate row of 2–5 (usually 4) prominent, well-spaced spines; posterolateral angle bispinous (rarely unispinous); posteroventral angle anterior to uropod articulation with cluster of 7–13 spines.

Antennule mesial (accessory) flagellum about 0.2–0.3 × body length (24 articles in figured male); lateral flagellum 0.5–0.7 × body length (58 articles in figured male).

Antennal flagellum 0.5–0.7 × body length (47 articles in figured male); protopod coxa with splayed row of 6–8 spines on lateral margin, basis with 2 (rarely 3) lateral spines.

Labrum anterior proximal surface swollen medially, usually with median point.

Thoracopod 1 (maxilliped) merus length 2.5–3.0 × width.

Pleopod 3 endopod always present; pleopod 4 endopod usually present; pleopod 5 endopod absent. Adult male pleopod 1 margin of dorsodistal half concave. Male pleopod 2 endopod distal article with straight distoventral surface.

Uropodal protopod with cluster of 2 or 3 posterolateral spines. Uropodal exopod elongate, spatulate; lateral margin between incurved anterolateral margin and distolateral spine row, straight or faintly or faintly concave, with 0–6 minute widely spaced setae; spine row of 8–10 fixed graded spines; spine row length 0.3 × length of straight portion of preceding exopod margin.

Colour in life ( Fig. 9A ). Body transparent, covered in dull red and brown chromatophores forming diffuse transverse bands across pereon and pleon; cephalothorax with red brown patch on lateral surface behind cervical groove. Antennular peduncle article 1 transparent with scattered spots and dark midline; article 2 transparent with longitudinal brown patches; article 3 solid dark brown. Scaphocerite transparent. Eyestalks red-brown. Pereopods and pleopods translucent pale brown. Tailfan transparent with scattered brown spots, densest distally.

M easurements. Male (n = 121) 6–22 mm; female (n = 183) 6–22 mm. Fulton (1982) reported specimens up to 25 mm body length.

Remarks. Paranaspides lacustris Smith, 1908 , was described based on specimens dredged from Great Lake and subsequently discovered in Shannon and Penstock Lagoons (artificially created during the 1920–30s) and connected to the south end of the lake ( Evans, 1942; Nicholls, 1947). Paranaspides lacustris was also thought to occur in Arthurs Lake, Woods Lake and the Lake River adjacent to the dam outflow at Woods Lake ( Fulton, 1982), but these are referrable to P. williamsi sp. nov. Distinctions between P. lacustris and P. williamsi are discussed under the account of the latter. To fix the identity of P. lacustris , an adult male syntype (11 mm) from Great Lake is herein selected as the lectotype to fix the identity of the species; the remaining syntypes thus become paralectotypes. Significantly, the paralectotype series includes an 8 mm juvenile of Anaspides richardsoni Ahyong, 2016 , evidently overlooked by Smith (1908), but representing the first confirmed record of the genus from Great Lake. The occurrence of Anaspides in Great Lake itself has often been questioned (e.g., Nicholls, 1947; Williams, 1965; O’Brien, 1990) so the present specimen of A. richardsoni , collected together with P. lacustris , demonstrates that Anaspides was at least a transient resident of the lake. Whether Anaspides still occurs there remains to be determined.

Morphological variation in P. lacustris is minor; meristic differences in spination usually vary allometrically, with the smallest specimens having fewest spines. The smallest juveniles (c. 6 mm) lack lateral spines on the telson, the pleopod 1–2 endopods are present as tiny buds and the pleopod 3–5 endopods are absent. By c. 8 mm, the lateral telson spines are present, the pleopod 1–2 endopods are evident (albeit as yet unmodified in males) and the pleopod 3–4 endopods appear. The relative length of the spine row on the uropodal exopod is stable across the size range, though the number of spines and relative length of the distal spine changes with body size: five spines are present at 6 mm body length, with the distal spine overreaching the apex of the exopod; by 9 mm, eight or more spines are present with the distal spine reaching the end of the exopod; and above 9 mm, the distal spine distinctly falls short of the end of the exopod. Maturity in both sexes appears to be reached at 10–11 mm body length. The adult male pleopod 1 endopod of P. lacustris is concave on the upper margin of the distal half, usually with a bluntly rounded apex. In some males, however, the distal pleopod 1 endopod margin is produced to a triangular lobe. The adult complement of pleopod endopods is variable and overlaps that of P. williamsi , being always present on pleopod 3, variable on pleopod 4 and always absent on pleopod 5. In P. williamsi , the pleopod 3–4 endopods are present, but variable on pleopod 5.

Although yet to be studied in detail, the life cycle of P. lacustris is apparently univoltine, with a single reproductive event and little overlap between year classes. Spawning is believed to take place in summer and hatching in winter, with individuals living for up to 18 months ( Williams, 1965; Fulton, 1982).

Distribution. Known only from Great Lake, Shannon Lagoon and Penstock Lagoon; 0.2–10 m depth; 1040 m above sea level.

Figures

Figure 1. Paranaspides lacustris Smith, 1908, male (17 mm), Swan Bay, Great Lake, QVM 10:49151, right habitus. Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figure 2. Paranaspides lacustris Smith, 1908, male (17 mm), Swan Bay, Great Lake, QVM 10:49151. (A) anterior cephalothorax; (B) right antenna basal article, lateral view; (C) right antenna and antennule, ventral view; (D) pleonite 6, telson and right uropod; (E) pleonite 6 posterolateral margin and Uropodal protopod, right ventral view; (F) pleonites 1–6, posterior margin, right lateral view; (G) labrum, anterior; (H) paragnaths, anterior; (I) right maxillule; (J) right maxilla; (K) right mandible; (L) right mandible incisor process; (M) left mandible incisor process. Scale: A–F = 1.0 mm, G–M = 0.5 mm.

Figure 3. Paranaspides lacustris Smith, 1908, male (17 mm), Swan Bay, Great Lake, QVM 10:49151. (A) right thoracopod 1 (maxilliped); (B–H) right thoracopods 2–8; (I) right pleopod 1, lateral view; (J) right pleopod 1, ventral view; (K) right pleopod 2, lateral view; (L) pleopod 1 & 2, in-situ, ventral view; (M) right pleopod 3, anterior view; (N–P) pleonites 3–5 median sternal processes. Scale: A–H, L–O = 1.0 mm; I–K = 0.5 mm.

Figure 4. Paranaspides lacustris Smith, 1908. (A–C) female (21 mm), Swan Bay, Great Lake, QVM 10:49151; (D) male (11 mm), Great Lake, WAM C58163; (E–F) female (6 mm), Brandum Bay, Great Lake; (G–H) QVM 10:49146; male (10 mm), Beckett Bay, Great Lake, WAM C58155; (I–K) male lectotype (11 mm), Great Lake,AM P100400; (L) male (12 mm), Shannon Lagoon, QVM:10:49160; (M) male (13 mm), Brandum Bay, Great Lake, QVM 10:49147; (N) female (16 mm), Shannon Lagoon, QVM 10:49160; (O) male (17 mm), Swan Bay, Great Lake, QVM 10:49150; (P) male (17 mm), Brandum Bay, Great Lake, QVM 10:49148. A–B, female gonopore, ventral view and right lateral view; C, right uropodal endopod and exopod; D, I, right male pleopod 1, lateral view; E, G, telson outline; J, right male pleopod 2, lateral view; F, H, K–P, right uropodal exopod. Scale: 1.0 mm. Scale: A–C, H, K–P = 1.0 mm; D–G, I, J = 0.5 mm.

Figure 9. Colour in life.(A) Paranaspides lacustris Smith, 1908, female, 18 mm, Tods Corner, Great Lake,AM P100410; (B) P. williamsi sp. nov., paratype female, 12 mm, Arthurs Lake, AM P100414.

Figure 10. Distribution of Paranaspides. * Record from Penstock Lagoon, based on Williams (1965).