Paguristes ortmanni Miyake, 1978

Komai, 2001, review of the north-western Paci ® c species of the genus Paguristes Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae), I. Five species initially reported Ortmann (1892) from Japan, Journal of Natural History 35 (3), pp. 357-428 : 387-396

Paguristes ortmanni Miyake, 1978

(®gures 15±18)

Paguristes barbatus: Ortmann, 1892: 279 , pl. 12, ®gure 7, 7 p; Doēin, 1902: 645 (part); Balss, 1913: 39; Yokoya, 1939: 278, ®gure 10A,B; Gordan, 1956: 321 (part); Miyake, 1957: 86; 1960: 93, pl. 46, ®gure 5; Miyake et al., 1962: 125; Kim, 1973: 210, 597, pl. 5, ®gure 23, text-®gure 42; Miyake, 1975: 238, pl. 112, ®gure 9. Not Paguristes barbatus ( Heller, 1862) .

Paguristes digitalis: Igarashi, 1970 : pl. 2, ®gure 4. Not Paguristes digitalis Stimpson, 1858 .

Paguristes ortmanni Miyake, 1978: 46 , ®gure 17, pl. 2, ®gure 1; Miyake and Imafuku, 1980a: 4; Miyake, 1982: 97, pl. 33, ®gure 3; Takeda, 1982: 59, ®gure 175; Komai et al., 1992: 196; Takeda and Miyauchi, 1992: 143; Takeda, 1994: 224, ®gure 6; Asakura, 1995: 355, pl. 94, ®gure 4.

Paguristes japonicus: Miyake, 1978: 44 (part).

Material examined. PARATYPES. Mosaki, Kamegisho, Sagami Bay, 16 m; 28 July 1960; one ovigerous (SL 6.9 mm); Miyake (1978) det. no. 412; NSMT-CrR 1830. OOE Hayama, Sagami Bay; 24 July 1960; bottle trap for octopus; one ovigerous female (SL 5.9 mm); Miyake (1978) det. no. 415; NSMT-CrR 1833.

Other material. OOE Takeoka, Uchibo coast of Boso Peninsula, 10±20 m; 25 July 1994; gill net; coll. T. Komai; one male (SL 10.5 mm); CBM-ZC 548. OOE Takeoka, Uchibo coast of Boso Peninsula, 10±20 m; 1 August 1994; gill net; coll. T. Komai; three males (SL 11.5±12.7 mm); CBM-ZC 565. Kushimoto, Kii Peninsula; January 1995; coll. K. Nomura; one male (SL 9.5 mm); CBM-ZC 1038. Ubara, Katsuura, Sotobo coast of Boso Peninsula, 3±6 m; June 1994; scuba diving; coll. M. Aizawa; ®ve males (SL 8.8±9.5 mm), one ovigerous (SL 8.8 mm); CBM-ZC 890. Shifushi Fishery Port, Kagoshima, Kyushu; 31 March 1997; gill net; coll. T. Kurozumi; four males (SL 4.4±7.0 mm), two females (SL 5.1, 5.5 mm); CBM-ZC 3612. Kanaya, Uchibo coast of Boso Peninsula, intertidal; 11 June 1998; hand; one male (SL 4.9 mm), two females (SL 2.9, 4.7 mm); CBM-ZC 4695. Ohtsuchi Bay, Iwate, 2± 3 m; October 1996; trap; coll. T. Komai; one male (SL 12.3 mm), two females (10.5, 10.8 mm); CBM-ZC 4842. Sagami Bay; 1881; coll. L. DoÈderlein; three males (SL 5.3±11.0 mm); reported by Ortmann (1892) as Paguristes barbatus ; MZS 395 (spirit). Sagami Bay, 180 m; 1881; coll. L. DoÈderlein; one female (SL 5.8 mm); reported by Ortmann (1892) as Paguristes barbatus ; MZS 396 (spirit). 1.9 km oOE southsouth-by-wes t of Jogashima Islet, Sagami Bay, 85±87 m; 18 January 1965; one female (SL 3.1 mm); reported by Miyake (1978) as Paguristes japonicus , det. no. 597); NSMT-CrR 2350. Hatsu-shima Island, Sagami Bay; coll. A. Haberer; one male (SL 5.6 mm); reported by Balss (1913) as Paguristes barbatus ; ZSM 230/1.

Description. Thirteen pairs of biserial phyllobranchiae.

Shield (®gure 15A) 1.2±1.4 times longer than broad; anterolateral margins sloping; anterior margin between rostrum and lateral projections concave; posterior margin truncate; dorsal surface rugose with low elevations on either side of midline, and short transverse rows of small spines and tufts of long setae laterally, posterior part of dorsal surface with scattered small pits. Rostrum moderately narrowly triangular, distinctly over-reaching lateral projections, weakly curved ventrally; terminating in acute spine, with sparse setae distally; dorsal surface bluntly carinate; lateral margins smooth. Lateral projections obtusely triangular, occasionally with small marginal spine. Branchiostegites (®gure 15C) calci®ed anteriorly and dorsally, margins with few small spines.

Ocular peduncles (®gure 15A) slender (7.0 ±8.0 times longer than width of cornea), about 0.6 times as long as shield, cylindrical, noticeably ināted basally, cornea not dilated; dorsal surfaces each with longitudinal row of long setae. Ocular acicles subtriangular, with two terminal spines; margins unarmed or with one additional spinule on lateral margin; separated by 0.5±0.7 of basal width of one acicle.

Antennular peduncles (®gure 15A, B) when fully extended reaching distal margins of corneas. Ultimate segment moderately slender, about 1.1±1.2 times longer than penultimate segment, with row of long setae on dorsal surface, unarmed. Penultimate segment with tiny ventral spinule arising from proximal 0.3 length. Basal segment with spine on dorsolateral margin of statocyst lobe, laterodistal margin unarmed, ventromesial distal angle produced, terminating in acute spine. Antennular ¯agellum distinctly shorter than ultimate segment of peduncle.

Antennal peduncles (®gure 15A, C) moderately short, reaching 0.7 length of ocular peduncles by distal margin of ®fth segment; with supernumerary segmentation. Fifth segment unarmed. Fourth segment with small spine at dorsodistal margin. Third segment with ventromesial distal angle strongly produced, terminating in strong spine. Second segment with dorsolateral distal margin moderately produced, terminating in strong simple or bi®d spine, lateral margin with one to four small spines and tufts of long setae, mesial margin unarmed; dorsomesial distal angle with small spine, mesial margin elevated, with numerous tufts of long setae. First segment with one to three spinules on laterodistal margin, lateral face unarmed; ventromesial margin strongly produced, but unarmed. Antennal acicles moderately long, reaching nearly to distal margin of ®fth segment, with numerous long setae; terminating in strong simple or bi®d spine; ināted basally; mesial margin with two or three strong spines proximally, lateral margin unarmed or with one to three small to strong spines. Antennal ¯agella (®gure 15D) 1.0 ±1.1 times longer than shield, not exceeding tips of chelipeds, composed of 25±30 articles; each article with very long setae ventrally.

Endopod of maxillule (®gure 15E) broad, with one bristle on mesial margin; internal lobe distinctly produced, with eight bristles on rounded distal margin; external lobe very well developed, elongate, strongly recurved, distolateral corner with two setae. Third maxilliped (®gure 15F) with basis and ischium partially fused; ischium (®gure 15G) with well developed crista dentata composed of relatively broad corneous teeth, ventral margin and dorsolateral corner unarmed; merus with three to ®ve small spines or tubercles on ventral margin and one small spine on dorsodistal margin; carpus with small spine at dorsodistal margin; dactyl moderately long.

Chelipeds (®gure 16A±D) moderately short, subequal or slightly unequal with left slightly larger; armature generally similar. Chela subovate in dorsal view, 1.7±1.8 times longer than broad. Dactyl 1.2±1.3 times longer than palm; cutting edge with row of small calcareous teeth in proximal half and row of large corneous teeth in distal half, terminating in strong corneous claw; slightly overlapped by ®xed ®nger; dorsomesial margin with row of large, corneous-tipped spines and tufts of stiOE setae, dorsal surface with single row of large, corneous-tipped spines on midline, blunt tubercles basally, and tufts of long setae; mesial surface with scattered small corneous spines, multidenticulate protuberances and tufts of setae; ventral surface unarmed, but with tufts of long setae. Palm slightly shorter than carpus; dorsomesial margin with four or ®ve very large, corneous-tipped spines, dorsal surface with several irregular rows of moderately large, usually corneous-tipped spines, decreasing in size on ®xed ®nger, and numerous tufts of long setae; dorsolateral margin with large spines increasing in size on ®xed ®nger (distal spines corneous-tipped); lateral surface with scattered moderately small to large spines or spinulose tubercles and tufts of long setae; mesial surface with few small spines near dorsal margin and low, sometimes denticulate protuberances accompanied by setae, mesiodistal margin denticulate; ventral surface concave around base of ®xed ®nger, with longitudinal row of corneous-tipped spines extending onto ®xed ®nger, and tufts of long setae. Fixed ®nger nearly straight or slightly curved ventrally; cutting edge with row of large calcareous teeth in proximal 0.6 and row of moderately large corneous teeth in distal 0.4, terminating in strong corneous claw; without hiatus when closed. Carpus about 0.7 times as long as merus; dorsomesial margin with row of large corneous-tipped spines (third or fourth spine largest); dorsal surface with single row of moderately small to large, corneous-tipped spines near dorsomesial margin, small tubercles near distal margin and scattered tufts of long setae, dorsolateral margin with row of moderately large, corneous-tipped spines, becoming larger distally, and tufts of long setae; dorsodistal margin with few small spines or tubercles; lateral surface with few tubercles or protuberances and tufts of long setae near dorsolateral margin; mesial surface with tufts of setae dorsally and submarginal row of setae distally, mesiodistal margin unarmed; ventral face unarmed, with few setae. Merus deep; dorsal surface with subdistal denticulate transverse ridges extending to lateral face, and row of low protuberances accompanied by tufts of long setae, dorsodistal margin with row of small spines; lateral surface with scattered small tubercles and few short setae, ventrolateral margin sinuous, with row of moderately small spines and numerous long setae; mesial surface nearly smooth, with short setae proximodorsally, ventromesial margin with row of moderately small spines and long setae; ventral surface unarmed, with tufts of long setae. Ischium with row of small acute spines on ventromesial margin, ventrolateral distal margin with row of spinules. Coxa unarmed on ventrolateral margin, margins setose.

Second pereopods (®gure 17A, B) moderately short and stout. Dactyls moderately short, 1.1±1.2 times longer than propodi; slightly curved in lateral view, nearly straight or slightly twisted in dorsal view; terminating in strong, curved, corneous claw; dorsal surfaces each with row of few long corneous-tipped spines proximally and corneous spines, becoming shorter distally, and numerous tufts of long setae; mesial faces faintly sulcate proximally, each with row of tufts of setae dorsal to midline and double row of small corneous spines ventral to midline, accompanied by tufts of stiOE setae; ventral surfaces each with row of 14±20 small corneous spines, ¯anked by two rows of tufts of long stiOE setae. Propodi distinctly longer than carpi; dorsal surfaces each with row of strong, corneous-tipped spines mesially, partially obscured by tufts of long setae, dorsodistal margins denticulate; mesial surfaces each with row of moderately small spines dorsal to midline and scattered moderately large spinulose tubercles or bi®d or multi®d protuberances ventral to midline, and obscured by numerous tufts of long stiOE setae; lateral surfaces each with row of protuberances (sometimes bearing small corneous spines) near dorsal and ventral margins, accompanied by tufts of long setae, and row of tufts of shorter setae on midline; ventral surfaces protuberant, with numerous tufts of long setae, ventrodistal margins each with row of small corneous spines or spinules. Carpi moderately long; dorsal surfaces each with double row of strong, corneous-tipped spines mesially and tufts of long setae; mesial surfaces with few tufts of stiOE setae, mesiodistal margins with few spines dorsally; lateral faces strongly convex, each with deep longitudinal sulcus accompanied by tufts of stiOE setae and submedian row of low protuberance s accompanied by one or two corneous spinules and tuft of stiOE setae, and row of moderately small spines or tubercles near dorsal margin; ventral surfaces with few short setae, ventrodistal margins with long setae. Meri strongly compressed laterally; dorsal surfaces with tiny spinules proximally and numerous long setae; mesial surfaces bluntly ridged dorsally, dorsomesial faces with tufts of long setae, remaining faces with few tufts of setae; lateral surfaces with scattered tufts of short setae; ventral surfaces each with row of spinules mesially and slightly protuberant laterally, with numerous long setae, ventromesial margins unarmed distally and ventrolateral margins with one distal spine. Ischia each with few spinules and numerous setae on dorsal surfaces; ventral surfaces each with row of spinules mesially and numerous setae. Coxae unarmed on laterodistal margin.

Third pereopods (®gure 17C, D) generally similar to second in setation. Dactyls with single row of corneous spines on dorsal surfaces; mesial surfaces each with row of corneous spines near dorsal margin, two irregular rows of long corneous spines ventral to midline; lateral surfaces with row of tufts of stiOE setae on midline; ventral surfaces each with row of 11±18 small to moderately strong corneous spines mesially, ¯anked by two rows of tufts of long stiOE setae. Propodi protuberant on dorsal surfaces, with few small corneous spines distally; mesial surfaces each with row of sparse corneous spinules near dorsal margin, two rows of strong corneous-tipped spines dorsal to midline, and low protuberances each bearing short vertical row of small corneous spines, mesiodistal margins each with row of corneous spinules; lateral surfaces each with shallow longitudinal sulcus just dorsal to midline bearing tufts of stiOE setae, and row of low protuberances near dorsal and ventral margins; ventral surfaces protuberant. Carpi only with subdistal spine on dorsal surfaces; mesial faces each with one small spine proximal to base of dorsodistal spine and few tufts of stiOE setae; lateral surfaces with few low protuberances accompanied by row of stiOE setae ventral to faint longitudinal sulcus. Meri protuberant on dorsal surfaces; mesial surfaces not noticeably ridged dorsally; lateral surfaces with few tufts of short setae and short vertical row of moderately short setae; ventral surfaces each with row of few spinules mesially and smooth laterally. Ischia without dorsal spines; ventral surfaces with few spinules mesially. Coxae usually each with row of tubercles on laterodistal margin; females with paired gonopores.

Fourth pereopods (®gure 15H) thickly setose on dorsal and ventral faces. Dactyl (®gure 15I) weakly curved, terminating in strong corneous claw; dorsal surface usually with one corneous spine somewhat distal to midlength; ventral surface with row of three or four corneous teeth laterally and slender tube-like preungual process arising from base of terminal claw. Propodus stout, with weakly convex ventral margin; dorsal surface unarmed; propodal rasp composed of four or ®ve rows of small corneous scales, fewer rows proximally, extending to 0.7±0.8 length of ventral margin. Carpus without dorsodistal spine.

Fifth pereopods chelate, setose. Coxae in males each with gonopore.

First and second pleopods in males paired, modi®ed. First pleopod (®gure 18A±C) with double or triple row of long setae on mesial surface of basal segment. Inferior lamella strongly twisted, with blunt longitudinal ridge on ventral surface, continuous with proximolateral margin; distal margin broadly rounded, with single row of moderately strong, hooked corneous spines; mesial margin with numerous bristles, extending onto ventral surface proximally. External lobe well developed, rounded, slightly over-reaching inferior lamella. Internal lobe moderately large, rounded, separated from external lobe by small notch; mesial margin with thick, long setae.

Second pleopod (®gure 18D, E) with basal segment somewhat ¯attened, with few very short setae proximally. Endopodite ¯attened, slightly twisted, margins bluntly edged, lacking tufts of long stiOE setae on mesial and lateral margins; tuft of stiOE setae at ventrodistal angle. Appendix masculina moderately broad, slightly twisted, not noticeably elongate distally; articulation suture clearly discernible on every face; distal margin rounded; exterior (lateral) surface faintly sulcate, with numerous short to long bristles dorsally and distally; ventral margin nearly straight, without bristles or setae in proximal 0.8; interior (mesial) face not sulcate, with bristles distally and dorsally.

Third to ®fth pleopods in males unpaired, exopods very well developed, endopods rudimentary.

Females with ®rst pleopods (®gure 18F) paired; articulation between basal and distal segments distinct; basal segment not ināted basally; distal segment slightly narrower and longer than basal segment. Second to ®fth pleopods unpaired; second to fourth pleopods with both rami well developed, exopods much longer than endopods, multiarticulated, endopods incompletely biarticulated; ®fth pleopod much shorter than preceding pleopods, with exopod well developed, not articulated, endopod vestigial.

Brood pouch (®gure 18G) large, subrectangular, margins smooth, with thick, short to long plumose setae. Second and third abdominal tergites moderately calci®ed on left, contiguous, with fringe of moderately long, ®ne setae; fourth abdominal tergite widely separated from third tergite, with moderately long setae.

Uropods strongly asymmetrical; protopods with row of corneous-tipped spinules on lateral margins.

Telson (®gure 15J) with posterior lobes somewhat asymmetrical, left larger than right; subquadrate; separated by small median cleft; transverse indentation deep; right terminal and lateral margins with four to eight strong spines and row of long setae; terminal margins horizontal, left terminal and lateral margins with six to eight small to moderately strong, sometimes corneous-tipped spines increasing in size laterally; right terminal margin with ®ve to eight spines. Anterior lobes unarmed on lateral margins.

Coloration. In life: shield generally white±grey to light yellowish brown, with tinge of brown on rostrum and midline. Posterior carapace greyish or brownish. Ocular peduncles each with three longitudinal stripes (dorsomesial, lateral and ventromesial) of dark chocolate brown on white background. Antennular peduncles with two longitudinal stripes. Chelipeds and ambulatory pereopods generally reddish or yellowish brown; dactyls of ambulatory pereopods each with white blotch proximal to terminal claw.

Size. Largest male: SL 12.7 mm; largest female: SL 10.8 mm; ovigerous females: 6.9±8.8 mm.

Habitat. Gastropod shells.

Distribution. Coasts of the Sea of Japan, Paci®c coast of Hokkaido to Kyushu; intertidal to 180 m.

Remarks. During this study, the holotype of Paguristes ortmanni , supposedly deposited in the collection of the Showa Memorial Institute, National Science Museum, was not located. The holotype has been registered in the computer data base of the museum and there is little doubt that it is still extant. It is probable that it has been misplaced. The identity of this taxon has been con®rmed by an examination of the paratypes (see Material examined).

Although Miyake (1978) described the Japanese population which had been referred to P. barbatus as a new species, P. ortmanni , he did not discuss diOEerences between P. ortmanni and P. barbatus . I asked Dr P. A. McLaughlin, who is working on hermit crabs from New Zealand, to compare P. ortmanni and P. barbatus . She kindly compared specimens of P. barbatus at her disposal with the description and illustrations of P. ortmanni provided by me and found that there were many diOEerences between the two species (P. A. McLaughlin, personal communication). Most signi®cantly, the antennal ¯agella of P. ortmanni have many long setae on each article, rather than having only three or four short setae on each article in P. barbatus . The dactyls of the ambulatory pereopods are longer in P. ortmanni than in P. barbatus (the ratio of dactyl/propodus ranges 1.1±1.3 in P. ortmanni and 0.88±1.1 in P. barbatus ); the ventral margins of the ambulatory dactyls have 11±20 small spines in P. ortmanni , rather than only ®ve or six small spinules distally in P. barbatus . The posterior lobes of the telson are truncate in P. ortmanni , rather than oblique in P. barbatus . The ocular peduncles seem to be longer in P. ortmanni than in P. barbatus and they are not basally swollen in P. barbatus as shown in P. ortmanni . The spines on the chelipeds of P. barbatus are not as acute as in P. ortmanni . The mesial faces of both chelae bear a short row of few spines dorsally and a vertical row of protuberances in P. ortmanni , while in P. barbatus , the mesial faces of both chelae are covered with tiny regular rounded corneous tubercles, obviously forming a stridulating apparatus when rubbed together. Additionally, the colour of the ocular peduncles and antennal peduncles in life is quite distinctive. In P. ortmanni , the ocular peduncles bear three longitudinal stripes (dorsomesial, lateral and ventromesial) of dark chocolate brown on a white background; the antennular peduncles are light brown with a dark chocolate brown longitudinal band on each segments; the antennal peduncles are generally brown. The ocular peduncles, antennular and antennal peduncles of P. barbatus are all blue.

The materials identi®ed as P. barbatus by Ortmann (1892) and Balss (1913) have been re-examined, and it has been con®rmed that their materials represent P. ortmanni . Ortmann (1892: p. 280) stated that this species (as P. barbatus ) had ten pairs of gills. However it has been con®rmed that there are 13 pairs of gills in P. ortmanni . A re-examination of Miyake’s (1978) material has shown that a female specimen (NSMT-CrR 2350; Miyake det. no. 597) identi®ed as P. japonicus is actually P. ortmanni .