Bradabyssa rugosa ( Hansen, 1880 ) Salazar-Vallejo, 2017

Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2017, Revision of Brada Stimpson, 1853, and Bradabyssa Hartman, 1967 (Annelida, Flabelligeridae), Zootaxa 4343 (1), pp. 1-98 : 36-38

Bradabyssa rugosa ( Hansen, 1880) n. comb.

Figures 1C–F , 17

Trophonia rugosa Hansen, 1880: 231 , Pl. 4, Figs 4–7 .— Hansen 1882: 38 –39, Pl. 7, Figs 9–12 .— Oug et al. 2014: 229 (syn.). Trophonia arctica Hansen, 1880: 230 , Pl. 5, Figs 1–3 .— Hansen 1882: 39, Pl. 7, Figs 17–20 .

Brada rugosa .— Støp-Bowitz 1948a: 37 –40, Fig. 10 (syn.).— Støp-Bowitz 1948b: 41 –42, map.— Jirkov & Filippova 2001: 355, Figs 1–4 .— Oug et al. 2011: 13, Figs a, b. (repeated from Støp-Bowitz 1948a).

Type material. Northwestern European Arctic Ocean. Syntypes ( ZMUB 2288 ), Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition , Sta. 366 (79°35' N, 11°17' E), NW Svalbard, 68 m (after Hansen 1882:23), 1877.

Description. Two syntypes (ZMUB 2288, Figs 1C , 17A, B ) with all neurochaetae broken. One syntype whitish (more damaged), body truncate in both ends, soft, dissected anteroventrally and several parapodia removed; the other syntype yellowish, truncate, wider anteriorly, tapered posteriorly, rough, several parapodia removed; 34–38 mm long, 7–8 mm wide, cephalic cage 5.0– 5.5 mm long, 21–25 chaetigers. Tunic rugose, dorsal and ventral papillae forming incomplete transverse tuberculose ridges, arranged in 3–4 transverse rowsseries per chaetiger; each tubercle covered by a thin layer of fine sediment particles.

Cephalic hood not exposed; dissected syntype without anterior end (missing). Additional dissection avoided. Anterior end features unknown.

Cephalic cage chaetae as long as 1/6 body length, or more than half as long as body width. Chaetiger 1 involved in cephalic cage; chaetae arranged in short lateral series; 10 notochaetae and 10 neurochaetae per side (most remain in yellowish syntype, Fig. 17C ).

Anterior dorsal margin of first chaetiger papillated, papillae small, abundant (most eroded). Anterior chaetigers without especially long papillae. Chaetigers 1–3 of similar length but notopodia in chaetiger 2 larger than others. Chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae abrupt; chaetiger 2 with neurospines (broken). Gonopodial lobes small, rounded, darker than surrounding areas, present in chaetiger 5 ( Fig. 17C, D ).

Parapodial lateral, well developed ( Fig. 1D ); median neuropodia ventrolateral. Notopodia and neuropodia close to each other. Notopodia low conical lobes with 3–4 tapered infrachaetal papillae, reduced to 1–2 in posterior parapodia. Neuropodia larger rounded lobes with 4–6 postchaetal papillae.

All notochaetae multiarticulate capillaries; median notochaetae arranged in tufts (or a short transverse series), few remain, about 6 per ramus, 1–2 smaller, thinner, with long articles, 3–4 longer, thicker, with very short articles basally, medium-sized medially and distally ( Fig. 1E ), as long as 1/3 body width. Neurochaetae multiarticulate capillaries in chaetiger 1. Aristate brown neurospines (after original description) from chaetiger 2 (bases remain), arranged in C-shaped patterns (facing posteriorly), 5–7 per bundle, with long, straight aristae ( Fig. 1F ).

Posterior end rounded, truncate ( Fig. 17E ); pygidium with anus terminoventral, vertical slit; anal cirri absent.

Remarks. Bradabyssa rugosa ( Rathke, 1843) n. comb. is unique in having 3–4 transverse low incomplete tuberculose ridges or verrucae per segment. There are other species with 3 transverse series of tubercles per segment (see key above) but this is the only species possessing flat, polygonal ridges.

Støp-Bowitz (1948a:38) noted that the type specimens above were placed together before he could study them, and that probably because they were labelled as Trophonia rugosa , despite the fact they were the original type material for T. rugosa Hansen, 1880 and T. arctica Hansen, 1880 , Støp-Bowitz (1948a:38) regarded them as synonymous, Oug et al. (2014:229) agreed upon this conclusion, and I concur. The shorter, slightly darker specimen corresponds to the former, and the whitish, slightly larger specimen to the latter. Consequently, because there are two type specimens in a single container, they are regarded as syntypes even though historically they were regarded as separate species.

Distribution. Northwestern European Arctic Ocean, in shallow waters.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Morphological features of Brada Stimpson, 1853, and Bradabyssa Hartman, 1967. A. Brada granulosa Hansen, 1880, lateral view. B. neurochaeta. C. Bradabyssa (olim Trophonia) rugosa (Hansen, 1880) n. comb., lateral view. D. Median parapodium. E. Notochaeta. F. Neurochaeta (modif. after Hansen 1880).

FIGURE 2. Brada granosa Stimpson, 1853. A. Neotype (USNM 1422407), lateral view, anterior end to the right (inset: small paratype, lower right in Fig. 3 A). B. Same, anterior end, ventral view (arrows point to gonopodial lobes). C. Non-type specimen (USNM 22851), head dissected, branchiae and palps removed (Br: branchial scar, PS: palp scar). Scale bars: A: 1.7 mm, B: 1.3 mm, C: 0.4 mm.

FIGURE 3. Brada granosa Stimpson, 1853. A. Juveniles (USNM 453). B. Non-type specimens (USNM 22851), chaetiger 2, right parapodium, anterior view. C. Same, notochaetal basal, medial and distal regions. D. Same, neurochaetal tips. E. Chaetiger 17, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Same, neurochaetal tips. Scale bars: A: 0.8 mm, B, E: 0.3 mm, C: 80 µm, D, F: 20 µm.

FIGURE 4. Brada granulosa Hansen, 1880, syntypes (ZMUB 2197). A. Largest and smallest syntypes, oblique lateral view, anterior end pointing upwards. B. Largest syntype, anterior end, lateral view (arrow points to gonopodial lobe). C. Another syntype, head, frontal view, branchiae and palps removed (Br: branchial scar, PS: palp scar). D. Same, chaetiger 10, right parapodium, posterior view. E. Same, basal, medial and distal notochaetal regions. F. Chaetiger 3, right parapodium, neurochaetae tips (insets: chaetal tips). G. Chaetiger 11, neurochaetae (inset: chaetal tip). Scale bars: A: 6 mm, B: 0.7 mm, C: 0.5 mm, D: 0.1 mm, E: 40 µm, F: 0.2 mm, G: 110 µm.

FIGURE 5. Brada incrustata Støp-Bowitz, 1948. A. Lectotype (ZMUB 18605), right lateral view, anterior end above. B.

FIGURE 6. Brada inhabilis (Rathke, 1843), smaller, non-type specimen (ZMUB 34537). A. Right lateral view. B. Anterior end, lateral view (arrow points to gonopodial papilla). C. Head, frontal view (palps and branchiae removed; Br: branchial scar, PS: palp scar). D. Median parapodium (greenish after methyl-green staining). E. Anterior parapodium notochaetae (inset: enlargement of notochaeta). F. Posterior parapodium, two neurochaetae (insets: neurochaetal tips). Scale bars: A: 2.1 mm, B: 1.3 mm, C: 0.4 mm, D: 0.3 mm, E: 75 µm, F: 120 µm.

FIGURE 7. Brada kudenovi n. sp. A. Holotype (CAS 157753), oblique ventral view. B. Same, anterior end (arrow points gonopodial papilla). C. Paratype (CAS 158549), head, frontal view, greenish after methyl-green staining (palps and branchiae removed; Br: branchial scar, PS: palp scar). D. Holotype (CAS 157753), anterior parapodia, chaetigers 4 – 7 (anterior end to the right), oblique ventral view. E. Paratype (CAS 157752), chaetiger 11, right parapodium, anterior view. F. Same, basal, medial and distal notochaetal regions. G. Same, neurochaetae (inset: chaetal tips). Scale bars: A: 2.7 mm, B: 1 mm, C: 0.2 mm, D: 0.5 mm, E: 0.3 mm, F: 50 µm, G: 30 µm.

FIGURE 9. Bradabyssa mexicana n. sp., holotype (LACM 7228). A. Dorsal view. B. Anterior end, dorsal view, bluish after methyl-green staining. C. Ventral view. D. Head, frontal view, cut open to show branchial scars, palps and branchiae removed, greenish after methyl-green staining (Br: branchial scars, PS: palp scar). E. Chaetiger 10, neurochaetae (inset: neurochaetal tips). Scale bars: A: 0.8 mm, B: 0.3 mm, C: 1.1 mm, D: 0.2 mm, E: 60 µm.

FIGURE 10. Bradabyssa minuta (Amoureux, 1986) n. comb., syntypes (MNHN 834). A. Five syntypes, mostly without globose foraminiferans. B. Three syntypes with globose foraminiferans on tunic. C. Median chaetiger, right parapodium (insets: notochaetal basal regions, neurochaetal tips). Scale bars: A: 0.4 mm, B: 0.3 mm, C: 65 µm.

FIGURE 11. Bradabyssa sachalina (Annenkova-Chlopina, 1922) n. comb. A. Holotype (ZIRAS 26659), right lateral view, tunic eroded. B. Same, anterior end, ventral view (arrow points to gonopodial lobe). C. Non-type specimen (CAS 19105), right lateral view, tunic complete. D. Same, head exposed, frontal view, right palp missing (Br: branchial scars, LL: lateral lip, VPO: ventral pharyngeal organ). E. Non-type specimen (ZIRAS 26661), chaetiger 13, right parapodium, notochaetae (insets: basal, medial and distal regions). F. Same, neurochaetae. Scale bars: A: 3.6 mm, B: 0.8 mm, C: 3.9 mm, D: 0.2 mm, E: 100 µm, F: 120 µm.

FIGURE 12. Bradabyssa alaskensis n. sp. A. Holotype (LACM 2598), right lateral view, tunic slightly eroded. B. Same, anterior end, lateral view (palp and branchiae slightly exposed). C. Paratype (LACM 2599), head, frontal view, palps and branchiae removed (Br: branchial scars, PS: palp scar). D. Holotype (LACM 2598), anterior end, ventral view (arrows point to everted gonopodial lobes). E. Same, close-up of left gonopodial lobe. F. Same, chaetiger 10, right parapodium, frontal view. G. Paratype (LACM 2599), chaetiger 5, right parapodium, notochaetae (insets: medial and distal regions). H. Same, neurochaetae. I. Same, chaetiger 23, right parapodium, neurochaetae. Scale bars: A: 2.5 mm, B: 0.9 mm, C: 0.6 mm, D: 1.2 mm, E: 0.3 mm, F: 0.5 mm, G: 50 µm, H: 100 µm, I: 90 µm.

FIGURE 17. Bradabyssa rugosa (Hansen, 1880) n. comb., syntypes (( ZMUB 2288). A. Dorsal and left lateral views. B. Right lateral and ventral views. C. Yellowish syntype, anterior end, ventral view (arrows point to gonopodial lobes). D. Whitish syntype, anterior end, ventral view (arrows point to gonopodial lobes). E. Yellowish syntype, posterior end, right lateral view. Scale bars: A: 3.2 mm, B: 5.3 mm, C: 1.2 mm, D: 2 mm, E: 0.8 mm.