Gymnetis pantherina Blanchard, 1842

Iorio, Osvaldo Di, 2013, A review of the Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Argentina and adjacent countries: systematics and geographic distributions, Zootaxa 3668 (1), pp. 1-87 : 38-41

Gymnetis pantherina Blanchard, 1842

Fig. 42 (distribution), Fig. 82–91, 94–104 (aspects), Figs. 105–109 (parameres)

Gymnmetis pantherina: Blanchard, 1842 : plate XII, Fig. 4 ; Burmeister 1842: 801 (description; reference to the figure of Blanchard).

Gymnmetis pantherina Burmeister, 1842: 801 (description; distribution; reference); Schenkling 1921: 97 (catalog; distribution; references); Dent 1886: 392 (list; distribution); Campos 1921: 67 (distribution); Gallego 1938: 9 (distribution; natural history); Revelo 1968: 9, 98 (adult foods); Gonçalves & Louzada 2005: 102 (distribution), 106 (list); Neita Moreno et al. 2010: 14–15 (distribution).

Gymnmetis pantherina Blanchard, 1847: 193 (distribution; reference); Blanchard 1850: 35 (catalog; distribution; references); Schenkling 1921: 97 (catalog; distribution; references); Costa Lima 1953: 67 ( Fig. 35 ); Posada Ochoa 1989: 12, 195, 377, 520, 544 (adult foods); Garcia & Corseuil 1998 –1999 (distribution; natural history); Krajčík 1998: 78 (catalog; distribution); Suárez-G. & Amat-García 2007: 73 (distribution).

Gymnetis alauda Burmeister, 1842: 284 (description; distribution): Schaum 1844: 359 (synonymy); Schenkling 1921: 97 (catalog; distribution; references).

Gymnetis lyncea Erichson, 1847 (description; distribution): Schaum 1849: 255 (synonymy); Schenkling 1921: 97 (catalog; distribution; references); Soukup 1942: 336 (distribution).

Gymnetis lutulenta Kirsch, 1870 (description; distribution): Kraatz 1898: 297 (synonymy); Schenkling 1921: 97 (catalog; distribution; references).

Gymnetis pelochroma Kirsch, 1873 (description; distribution): Kraatz 1898: 297 (synonymy); Schenkling 1921: 97 (catalog; distribution; references).

Gymnetis meleagris Burmeister, 1842: 294 (description; distribution): Kraatz 1888: 297 (synonymy); Schenkling 1921: 97 (catalog; distribution; references); Ratcliffe 2004: 8 (lectotype), 17 ( Fig. 25 ).

Gymnetis pantherina Blanch. , not Burm. subsp. meleagris Burm. : Schurhoff 1937: 66 (list), 74–75 (key); Blackwelder 1944: 262 (catalog; distribution).

Gymnetis pantherina meleagris Burm. : Gibson & Carrillo 1959: 115 (distribution).

Gymnetosoma pantherina ssp. meleagris ( Burmeister, 1842) : Krajčík 1998: 78 (catalog; distribution).

Gymnetosoma pantherina Burmeister, 1842 : González-Hernández & Navarrete-Heredia 2011: 479 (list).

Gymnetis meleagris fa. candida Kraatz, 1888: 298 (description; distribution); Schenkling 1921: 97 (catalog; distribution; reference).

Gymnetis meleagris fa. pallescens Kraatz, 1888: 298 (description; distribution); Schenkling 1921: 97 (catalog; distribution; reference).

Gymnetis meleagris var. granadensis Kraatz, 1888: 297 (description; distribution); Schenkling 1921: 97 (catalog; distribution; reference).

Paragymnetis rubrocincta Schürhoff, 1937: 63 , new name for Gymnetis pantherina Burmeister, 1842 , not Blanchard: new synonymy.

Paragymnetis hieroglyphica ssp. rubrocincta: Schürhoff 1937: 67 (list); Blackwelder 1944 (catalog; distribution); Krajčík 1998: 77 (catalog; distribution).

Distribution: GUATEMALA ( Krajčík 1998). COLOMBIA ( Burmeister 1842, Posada Ochoa 1989, Krajčík 1998): Pareira, 1886, R.M. Valencia leg., Col. Oberthür ( Kraatz 1888); Manizales, A.M. Patino leg. ( Kraatz 1888); Valle de Medellín; Valle de Cauca; identified by E.A. Chapin ( Gallego 1938); Guaviare: Atabapo, [EOEE] ( Gibson & Carrillo 1959); Antioquía; Boyacá; Cl; Cesar; Cauca; Chocó; Cundinamarca; Guaviare; Huila; Magdalena; Meta; Ns; Quindio; Risaralda; Santander; Vichada [CEUA; CIAT; CIBM; IAVH; IMCN; MEPB; MEFLG; UNAB] (Suárez-G. & Amat-García 2007); Antioquia: Bello, # 9332, F. Yepes leg., 2 exx. [MEFLG]; Cocorná, # 6678, F.L. Gallego leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG]; El Raizal, # 6678, F.L. Gallego leg., 2 exx. [MEFLG]; La Ceja, # 6678, C. Montoya leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG]; La Estrella, # 6678, F.L. Gallego leg., 3 exx. [MEFLG]; Medellín, # 6678, F.L. Gallego leg., 14 exx. [MEFLG], # 6678, G. Morales leg., 2 exx. [MEFLG], # 6678, R. Vélez leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG], # 6678, S. Blandon leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG], # 6680, F.L. Gallego leg., 2 exx. [MEFLG], # 9332, F. Yepes leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG], # 9332, J. Cardenas leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG]; Santo Domingo, # 6678, R. Vélez leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG]; Santuario, # 9332, F. Yepes leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG]; Sopetrán, # 9332, F. Yepes leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG]; Termales, # 6678, R. Vélez leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG]; Villa Arteaga, # 678, F.L. Gallego leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG] ( Neita Moreno et al. 2010); Valle del Cauca: Calima, # 6679, L.C. Pardo leg., 1 ex. [MEFLG ] ( Neita Moreno et al. 2010). VENEZUELA: ( Kraatz 1888); ECUADOR: Posorja; El Morro; Playas del Morro; Chimbo; Chacras [Col. Campos R.] ( Campos 1921); PERU ( Kraatz 1888, Krajčík 1998): San Martín: Tarapoto, summer of 1886, M. de Mathan leg., 1 ex. ( Kraatz 1888); Rioja ( Soukup 1942). BRAZIL ( Costa Lima 1953); Ch. Godet leg. ( Burmeister 1842); Minas Gerais ( Dent 1886); Lavras ( Gonçalves & Louzada 2005); São Paulo ( Cordo & DeLoach 1995); Río Grande do Sul: Pôrto Alegre, 30-IX to 28-IV, 67 exx. ( Garcia & Corseuil 1998 –1999). BOLIVIA ( Schürhoff 1937, Blackwelder 1944): Santa Cruz (Blanchard 1847).

Holotype (examined)

Gymnetis alauda Burmeister, 1842: 284 . “In Columbien, von herrn Dupont”, “ ♂ ”

COLOMBIA: 1 male holotype [ HBBA] ( Fig. 99 ), “ alauda / Burm.” [handwritten by Burmeister], parameres ( Fig. 105 ).

Lectotype (examined)

Gymnetis meleagris Burmeister, 1842: 294 . “In Columbien, von herrn Dupont und Buquet”, “ ♂ et ♀ ”

COLOMBIA: 1 female paralectotype [ HBBA] ( Fig. 96 ), “ meleagris / Burm. / Columb.” [handwritten by Burmeister, pinned to the bottom of the drawer], parameres ( Fig. 106 ). Further specimens: 1 male lectotype [ MLUH] , red label; 1 female paralectotype (referred to as “lectoallotype”) [ MLUH] , red label; 1 female paralectotype [ MLUH], yellow label ( Ratcliffe 2004).

Material examined (male genitalia and parameres): COLOMBIA: Monterredondo, 1 ex. [ MACN], II-1959, Bosq Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Maizales [error by Manizales?], XII-1958, Bosq Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Cauca: Guacarí, VIII-2001, D. Penner leg., 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 82 ), 2 exx. [ ODIC] ( Fig. 90 ), parameres ( Fig. 108 ) ; VENEZUELA: Tachira: Río Negro , V-1984, J. Blanco leg., 5 exx. [ ODIC] ( Fig. 83 ) ; ECUADOR: Pichincha: Santa Catalina, V-1976, G.J. Williner leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] ( Fig. 84 ) ; PERU: “Perou / C.R. Vigil ”, 3 exx. [ MACN], all labeled “ Gymnetis / lyncea Er. ” ; Loreto: Iquitos, 3 exx. [ ODIC] ; BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Norte: Buzios, III-1991, Mazzucconi leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] ( Fig. 89 ), parameres ( Fig. 107 ) ; [Mato Grosso do Sul]: Corumbá, XI-1919, G. Pellerano Collection, 1 ex. [ MACN], “ Gymnetis pantherina Burm. / det. B.C. Ratcliffe 2003” ; Paraná: Ipiranga, XII [year not stated], 1 ex. [ ODIC], “ Gymnetis / (Gymnetoides) / hieroglyphica / Vig. [handwritten] / Dr. V. Balthasar det. [printed]” ; Santa Catarina: Mafra, II-1962, 1 ex. [ ODIC] ( Fig. 87 ), II-1964, 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; BOLIVIA: Nor-Yungas, Nigrillani, I-1950, G.J. Williner leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] ( Fig. 103 ) ; Sur-Yungas, Suiqui, I-1951, Suilar leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] ( Fig. 102 ) ; Beni: Santa Ana de Yacuma , 4-II-2012, A. Borquez leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC], C. Calderon Villavicencio leg., II-2012, 5 exx. [ ABJCP], V-2012, 5 exx. [ ABJCP], 3 exx. [ ODIC], X-2012, 1 ex. [ ABJCP], ; La Paz: Sur-Yungas, Chulumani, I-1948, Bridarolli leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC], Williner leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ( Fig. 104 ) ; PARAGUAY: without locality, 1 ex. [ CBBA], Bridarolli leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Paraguay, Bosq Collection, 2 exx. [ MLPA], 1 labeled “ Gymnetis / pantherina / Burm. / det. B.C. Ratcliffe 2004 ”, Richter Collection, 2 exx. [ MLPA] ; Central: P. Willim leg., 1939–1940, 3 exx. [ ODIC] ( Fig. 101 ), [ V-1940], “45186”, 1 ex. [ MACN], “45187”, 4 exx. [ MACN] ; [Itapúa]: Santísima Trinidad, XII-1913, 1 ex. [ CBBA] ; ARGENTINA: Misiones: Richter Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Dto. Guaraní, El Soberbio, Isla Monteagudo ( Río Uruguay ), J. Carreras leg., 4-XII-2007, 4 exx. [ JCDT], 6-XII-2007, 2 exx. [ JCDT] ( Figs. 86, 88, 91, 98 ), parameres ( Fig. 109 ) ; Arroyo El Soberbio, 28-XI-2007, J. Carreras leg., 1 ex. [ JCDT] ( Fig. 94 ) ; Pozo Azul, II-2004, 1 ex. [ EAPW].

Taxonomic discussion: G. pantherina was attributed to Blanchard as published in 1837 ( Krajčík 1998), 1841 ( Blanchard 1850), 1842 ( Ratcliffe 2004), 1843 ( Blackwelder 1944, Costa Lima 1953, Garcia & Corseuil 1998 – 1999, Suárez G. & Amat García 2007), 1837–1843 (Schenkling 1922), or without year ( Schürhoff 1937, Hardy 1975). The figure in plate XII of Blanchard ( Fig. 100 ) was published in 1842. This use of the name associated with an illustration validated the name.

Accordingly, Burmeister (1842: 801) cited only Fig. 4 from Blanchard ( Fig. 100 ), as the text was not still published, and gave a description of G. pantherina . The single specimen of G. pantherina that Burmeister (1842) used for his description, collected in Brazil by Ch. Godet, likely remains in Halle because it was not found in the Burmeister collection at MACN.

Schürhoff (1937) considered that G. pantherina Burmeister corresponds to a species different than G. pantherina Blanchard , giving it the new name Paragymnetis rubrocincta , and classified it as a subspecies of G. hieroglyphica (Fig. 68). Paragymnetis rubrocincta was cited from Brazil ( Schürhoff 1937: 67) ( Fig. 95 ), but a similar specimen ( Fig. 94 ) was found in Argentina among other specimens of G. pantherina . In other specimen from Brazil (Buzios), traces of lighter color can be seen in the lateral margins of elytra ( Fig. 89 ). Therefore, the specimens with the elytra bordered by a lighter color can be considered as intermediate between the specimens with lighter and darker elytra, in which both kind of color are retained. The name P. rubrocincta given to G. pantherina Burmeister, 1842 , is considered here as a synonym.

Also, Schürhoff (1937) revalidated G. meleagris Burmeister as a subspecies of G. pantherina Blanchard , with G. lutulenta Kirsch , G. lyncea Erichson , G. pelochroma Kirsch , G. alauda Burmeister , G. candida Kraatz , G. granadensis Kraatz , G. depauperata Schoch , not Gory & Percheron, 1833, as synonyms. The difference between G. meleagris and G. pantherina Blanchard was the color of the ventral setae, especially in the legs, yellow and black respectively ( Schürhoff 1937: 59), a character that was referred as variable according to different localities by Kraatz (1888), who considered G. meleagris in synonymy with G. pantherina Blanchard. The specimens with the black background color presented in form of small to very small spots surrounded by a light color, attributable to G. alauda ( Fig. 99 ) and G. meleagris ( Figs. 96–97 ), has the same shape of the parameres ( Figs. 105 and 106 respectively). Therefore, the different color morphs belong to a highly variable species, recognized here as to G. pantherina Blanchard.

In large series of specimens, it can be seen that the black background color of the markings on the pronotum and elytra has highly variable extensions ( Figs. 82–91, 94, 96–104 ). The specimens with a more extended black background color on pronotum and elytra has received several names, e.g., Gymnetis callispila Bates, 1888 ( Fig. 79 ), G. radiicollis Burmeister, 1847 ( Fig. 80 ), and Gymnetis zikani Moser, 1921 ( Fig. 81 ). Gymnetis zikani and G. callispila were considered as subspecies of G. pantherina Blanchard , but G. radiicollis was placed as a subspecies of G. bajula ( Schürhoff 1937) . No males corresponding to these phenotypes were available for observation of the parameres.

The name Gymnetis dysoni was applied by Schaum (1848) to specimens with small black background color spots on pronotum and elytra with a reddish color ( Fig. 93 ). Gymnetis dysoni was not treated by Schürhoff (1937). One female in the Col. Burmeister at MACN, labeled “ Dysonii / Schaum / Venezuela ” [handwritten by Burmeister] ( Fig. 92 ) may be one syntype (Appendix I). Regretably, no males corresponding to G. dysoni were available for observation of the parameres.

Figures

FIGURE 42. Geographic distributions of Gymnetini from Argentina and adjacent countries: Gymnetis bouvieri (circles); Gymnetis pantherina (squares); Marmarina insculpta (stars); Neocorvicoana tricolor (triangles).

FIGURES 79–104. General aspects of Gymnetini from the Neotropical Region: 79, G. callispila (lectotype, extracted from Ratcliffe 2004); 80, G. radiicollis (lectotype, extracted from Ratcliffe 2004); 81, G. zikani (lectotype, extracted from Ratcliffe 2004); 82–91, Gymmetis pantherina (82, Colombia: Guacarí; 83, Venezuela: Río Negro; 84, Ecuador: Santa Catalina; 85, Guyane; 86, Argentina: Isla Monteagudo; 87, Brazil: Mafra; 88, Argentina: Isla Monteagudo; 89, Brazil: Buzios; 90, Colombia: Guacarí; 91, Argentina: Isla Monteagudo); 92–93, G. dyzoni (92, Venezuela, Burmeister Collection; 93, lectotype, extracted from Ratcliffe 2004); 94, G. pantherina (Argentina: Arroyo El Soberbio); 95, G. rubrocincta (lectotype, extracted from Ratcliffe 2004); 96–97, Gymnetis meleagris (96, paralectotype, Burmeister Collection; 97, lectotype, extracted from Ratcliffe 2004); 98, G. pantherina (Argentina: Isla Monteagudo); 99, G. alauda (holotype, Burmeister Collection); 100, G. pantherina (extracted from Blanchard 1842); 101–104, G. pantherina (101, Paraguay: Central, 1939–1940; 102, Bolivia: Suiqui; 103, Bolivia: Nigrillani; 104, Bolivia: Chulumani).

FIGURES 105–109. Male parameres: 105, Gymnetis alauda (holotype, Burmeister Collection); 106, Gymnetis meleagris (paralectotype, Burmeister Collection); 107–109, Gymnetis pantherina (107, Brazil: Buzios; 108, Colombia: Guacarí; 109, Argentina: Isla Monteagudo).

FIGURES 3–7. General aspects of Gymnetini: 3–5, Gymnetis bajula (3, darker specimen; 4, specimen from the Burmeister Collection [MACN], likely the holotype of G. perplexa; 5, lighter specimen); 6, Gymnetis bruchi (Bruch Collection); 7, Aemilius wagneri (extracted from Le Moult 1939).

FIGURES 30–37. General aspects of Gymnetini from Argentina: 30–31, Gymnetis bouvieri (30, Catamarca; 31, Santiago del Estero); 32, Gymnetis carbo (Chaco); 33–35, Gymnetis cordobana (33, male; 34, female; 35, female, ventral view); 36–37, Gymnetis flavomarginata (36, male; 37, female).

FIGURES 25–29. Male parameres: 25–28, Gymnetis bonplandi (25, Bruch Collection; 26, Misiones, Dos de Mayo; 27, Cororó, Rio Ipané; 28, Arakangy); 29, Gymnetis pudibunda (detail of right paramere).