Marmarina tigrina ( Gory & Percheron, 1833 )

Iorio, Osvaldo Di, 2013, A review of the Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Argentina and adjacent countries: systematics and geographic distributions, Zootaxa 3668 (1), pp. 1-87 : 50-52

Marmarina tigrina ( Gory & Percheron, 1833)

Figs. 114–128 (aspects), 133 (distribution), 134–135 (parameres), 136–139 (anatomy)

Gymnetis Tigrina Gory & Percheron, 1833: 349 (description; distribution), plate 69, Fig. 6 ; Burmeister 1866: 576 (distribution); Berg 1890: (distribution; natural history); Frenzel 1891: 328 (list); Tremoleras 1910: 26 (distribution); Schenkling 1921: 99 (catalog; distribution; references); Burmeister 1943: 499 (distribution); Chiesa Molinari 1948: 181 (figure 144); Aravena 1974: 119 (distribution); Giacchino 1982: 233 (catalog); Navarrete-Heredia 2001: 427 (distribution; natural history; references); Ratcliffe 2004: 12 (lectotype; distribution), fig. 44.

Gymnetis (Marmarina) tigrina (Gory et Perch.) : Bruch 1911a: 215 (distribution); Bruch 1919: 393–394 (distribution; natural history); Bruch 1929: 434 (distribution; natural history).

Maculinetis tigrina G. & P. subsp. tigrina G. & P .: Schürhoff 1937: 68 (list; distribution)

Maculinetis tigrina (Gory & Perch.) : Di Iorio 2004: 184 (catalog; distribution; natural history; references).

Marmarina tigrina: Viana & Williner 1981: 35 (distribution); Krajčík 1998: 80 (catalog; distribution); Di Iorio 2003: 180 (distribution; natural history).

Gymnetis (Gymnetis) albo-sparsa Blanchard, 1842 : plate 12, Fig. 4 .

Gymnetis tigrina var. albo-sparsa Blanchard, 1847: 195 (description; distribution); Blanchard 1850: 34 (catalog; distribution); Schaum 1844: 364 (synonymy).

Gymnetis (Gymnetis) Touchardi Blanch. 1842: plate 12, Fig. 2 .

Gymnetis Touchardi Blanchard, 1847: 195 (description; distribution); Schaum 1844: 364 (synonymy); Blanchard 1850: 34 (catalog; distribution); Bruch 1911a: 215 (catalog).

Gymnetis Strobeli Burmeister, 1866: 576–577 (description; distribution); Bruch 1911a: 215 (catalog).

Maculinetis litorea Schürhoff, 1937: 68 (description); Ratcliffe 2004: 12 (lectotype; distribution), Fig. 45 ; new synonymy.

Maculinetis tigrina G. et P. subsp. litorea Schhff. : Schürhoff, 1937: 68 (list; distribution).

Marmarina tigrina ssp. litorea: Krajčík 1998: 80 (catalog; distribution).

Distribution: BRAZIL: Col. Spinola, 1 ex. [MRSN] ( Giachino 1982): Santa Catarina: ( Schürhoff, 1937); 1 male lectotype [ZSMC] ( Fig. 122 ), labeled “Brasilien, St. Catharina”, “Sammlung Schürhoff”, “ Maculinetis litorea m. / Type / male symbol / determ. Schürhoff Berlin”, red lectotype label ; 1 female paralectotype [ZSMC], labeled “B. Retiro, 1 96”, “Sammlung Schürhoff”, “ Maculinetis litorea m. / Type / male symbol / determ. Schürhoff Berlin”, yellow paralectotype label ; 1 male paralectotype [ZSMC], labeled “Brasil / St. Cath. / Heyne”, “Sammlung Schürhoff”, “co-type”, yellow paralectotype label [ZSMC] ( Ratcliffe 2004); Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre ( Schürhoff 1937); “Brasilien, Porto Alegre / Sammlung Schürhoff / co-type / my yellow paralectotype label”, paralectotype female [ZSMC] ( Ratcliffe 2010). ARGENTINA: Misiones ( Bruch 1911a); Catamarca ( Bruch 1911a); Tucumán ( Bruch 1911a); Córdoba: ( Frenzel 1891, Bruch 1911a 1929); Alta Gracia ( Bruch 1919, Viana & Williner 1981); El Sauce, Santa Rosa; Los Reartes; La Falda; Valle Hermoso; Tanti; Los Cocos; Yacanto de Calamuchita; San Javier; La Paz; Mina Clavero; Los Molinos ( Viana & Williner 1981); San Luis ( Bruch 1911a); Carpintería; El Volcán; Merlo; Villa Elena ( Viana & Williner 1981); Entre Ríos (Blanchard 1847, Schenkling 1921, Schürhoff 1937); Paraná ( Burmeister 1861, 1943, 1866); Liebig, II-1997, 1 ex., 1–15-III-1997, 142 exx. ( Di Iorio 2003); Mendoza: Cerro del Diamante (60 leguas S Mendoza), D.P. Strobel leg. ( Burmeister 1866); [locality not stated], Jörgensen leg. ( Bruch 1919, Schenkling 1921, Bruch 1929); La Pampa: Toay; 25 de Mayo ( Aravena 1974); Buenos Aires: Bahía Blanca ( Bruch 1911a); [Pdo.] Tornquist, Sierra de la Ventana ( Bruch 1919); Patagonia, San Blas (Blanchard 1847), = Patagonie ( Blanchard 1850, Schürhoff 1937). URUGUAY: [locality not stated] ( Berg 1890); identified by Bruch ( Tremoleras 1910); Treinta y Tres: Santa Clara de Olimar ( Monné 1969); Montevideo: Montevideo ( Blanchard 1850).

Holotype (examined)

Gymnetis strobeli Burmeister, 1866

ARGENTINA: Mendoza: “ Strobelii / Nob.” [handwritten by Burmeister, pinned to the bottom of the drawer], “ Cerro del / Diamante ” [handwritten by Burmeister, pinned with the specimen], 1 ex. [ HBBA], “Typus” [printed in black on reedish paper, added].

Material examined: BRAZIL: [“Amazona”, Z.R. Scherer leg.], # 13979, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; PARAGUAY: “Para- / guay.” [printed on green paper], 1 ex. [ HBBA] ; [without locality], Williner leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Paraguay, 1 ex. [ MLPA] (orange) ; Cerro Pelado, XII-1937, Bosq Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] (pale orange) ; ARGENTINA: Misiones: # 4702, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Richter Collection, 4 exx. [ MLPA] (orange), 1 ex. [ MLPA] (pale orange) ; San Juan [de la Sierra], 29-III-1923, 1 ex. [ MACN], “ Gymnetis / ( Marma / rina) tigrina G. P.” ; Bompland, Joergensen leg., 1 ex. [ CBBA] (orange), 5 exx. [ MLPA] (pale orange), 1 ex. [ MLPA] (orange) ; Misiones, Antonio Llamas leg., # 5856, 1 ex. [ MACN] (orange) ; Pindapoy, 6-I-1942, Williner leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] (orange) ; Catamarca: La Ciénaga (Belén), 192_, 2 exx. [ MACN], I-1926, Weiser Wolters leg., 1 ex. [ CBBA] ; Santa María, Lorohuasi, I-1929, W. Wolters leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; [Tucumán]: # 11947, Col. Günther, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Tucumán, Dallas Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Santiago del Estero: 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; 15-I-1900, 1 ex. [ CBBA], “ Gymnetis / tigrina / var. nigra ” [handwritten by Bruch] ; Rio Salado, Wagner col., 3 exx. [ MLPA], Bosq Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] (black) ; Chaco: XII-1905, C. Bruch, 1 ex. [ MLPA] (pale orange) ; La Rioja: A. Breyer Collection, 1 ex. [ MACN], “ Gymnetis / tigrina Gor. P. / C.B. det.” ; Córdoba: “Cordo- / va.”, 1 ex. [ HBBA], “ albospar - / sa Blch.” [handwritten by Burmeister] ; [without locality], 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; 190_, C. Bruch, 3 exx. [ CBBA], 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Córdoba, A. Breyer Collection, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; “Sierra Córdoba”, 13-I-1927, Muhn leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; “Córdoba Sierra”, 8-II-1927, Williner leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Alta Gracia, La Granja, C. Bruch leg., II-1922, 1 ex. [ CBBA], 4-I-1939, 5 exx. [ MLPA], I-1939, 3 exx. [ MLPA] ; Cosquín, Dallas Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Carlos Paz, 5-I-1954, Bosq Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Villa Cabrera, 1 ex. [ MACN], Coll. Dallas, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Dto. Calamuchita, El Sauce, M.J. Viana leg., XII-1938, 4 exx. [ MACN], II-1941, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Villa María, I-1939, A. Parko leg., 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Tanti, A. Stevenin leg., 1 ex. [ MACN], I-1954, Viana leg., 4 exx. [ ODIC] ; Los Reartes, XI-1972, G.J. Williner leg., 5 exx. [ ODIC] ; San Javier, II-1940, Bridarolli leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Capilla del Monte, 26–30-I-2001, A. Fortino leg., 1 ex. [ AFBA], 3-I-2009, L. Aguado leg., 1 ex. [ LABA] ; Capilla del Monte , A. Fortino leg., 28-I to 14-II-2012, 5 exx. [ AFBA], II-2013, 2 exx. [ AFBA] ; Capilla del Monte , Potrero de Garay [ HAHC] ; Santa Fe: Santa Fe [city?], 1-II [or XI?]-1929, Bridarolli leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Piquete, 9-I-1928, Williner leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC], “ Gymnetis / tigrina G.P. / Bruch det.” [printed], 10-I-1928, “MN” leg., 1 ex. [ MACN], 23-II [or XI?]-1928, Bridarolli leg., 1 ex. [ MACN], 7-[illegible number]-1928, Bridarolli leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Romang, XII-1931, C.Y.A. Rodríguez leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Rosario, 3-XII-1911, 1 ex. [ CBBA] ; Corrientes: 190_, C. Bruch, 1 ex. [ CBBA], 1 ex. [ CBBA], “ Gymnetis / tigrina / var.” [handwritten by Bruch], 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Santo Tomé, G. Pellerano Collection, without date, 2 exx. [ MACN] (orange) ( Figs. 114–115 ), 1 ex. [ MACN] (pale orange), I-1923, 3 exx. [ MACN] (orange), 4 exx. [ MACN] (pale orange) ( Fig. 116-117 ), 1 ex. [ MACN] (paler orange) ( Figs. 119– 121 ), Bosq Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] (pale orange), “ Maculinetis / tigrina / G. & P.) / det. B.C. Ratcliffe 2004 ”, II-1923, 2 exx. [ MACN] (paler orange), I-1924, 1 ex. [ MACN] (pale orange), II-1924, 4 exx. [ MACN] (orange), III-1924, 1 ex. [ MACN] (orange), XII-1924, 1 ex. [ MACN] (orange), III-1925, 1 ex. [ MACN] (paler orange), I-1928, 1 ex. [ MACN] (orange), without date, 3 exx. [ MLPA] (pale orange) ; Manantiales, [illegible number]-1946, 1 ex. [ MLPA] (pale orange), “ Marmarina / tigrina (G. et P.) / A. Martínez det. 1951” ; Entre Ríos: Richter Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA], 1 ex. [ MLPA] (pale orange) ; “Parana. / Mrz.” [printed on green paper], 2 exx. [ HBBA] ; Concordia, Daguerre leg., [Federal, Castellanos & Daguerre leg.], # 26243, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Concordia, 1 ex. [ MLPA], Hayward leg., Bosq Collection, 2 exx. [ MLPA] ; Liebig, L. Caire leg., 19-III-2003, 1 ex. [ FPBA], 25-III-2003, 1 ex. [ FPBA], 25-III-2005, 1 ex. [ LABA], 23-III-2006, 2 exx. [ LABA] ; Federación, G. Zubarán leg., 13-I-2007, 2 exx. [ GZSM] (one pale orange), 17-I-2005, 1 ex. [ GZSM] ; Mendoza: 190_, C. Bruch, 4 exx. [ MACN] ; Cacheuta, # 7846, 4 exx. [ MACN], only labeled “7846”, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; San Luis: [without locality], 21-XII-1925, [M.P. Gómez leg.], # 27680, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Dto. Belgrano, La Calera, 7-XII-1969, A. Martínez leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; Carolina, [illegible date], Beltrán leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] (orange), “ Marmarina / tigrina / G.P.” [handwritten by Viana], I-1943, Ondarsa leg., 1 ex. [ MACN], I-1948, Riviere leg., 1 ex. [ MACN], I-1948, Beltrán leg., 4 exx. [ MACN], I-1950, Squadroni leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; La Pampa: Monte Nievas, II-1991, E. Maury leg., 4 exx. [ MACN] ; Arata [ HAHC] ; General Pico, XII-1930, Bosq Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Buenos Aires: I-900, C. Bruch, 1 ex. [ CBBA] ; “ P. B. Aires ” [printed], 5 exx. [ MLPA] ; Argerich, III-1934, Bosq Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Sierra de la Ventana, 10-I-1893, C. Bruch, 1 ex. [ CBBA], “ Gymnetis / tigrina G. & P.” [handwritten by Bruch], 15- II-1964, A. Espinach leg., 3 exx. [ ODIC] ; [Bahía Blanca], Base Naval Puerto Belgrano, 2-II-1938, Biraben & Scott leg., 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Pdo. Bahía Blanca , 38° 41' 13.12" S, 62° 13' 31.82" W (S38.68651, W62.22535), 38° 39' 56.63" S, 62° 15' 15.96" W (S38.39854, W62.15212), 38° 41' 0.95" S, 62° 14' 59.97" W (S38.68073, W62.24710), 38° 42' 40.55" S, 62° 13' 1.29" W (S38.71049, W62.21662), 38° 40' 13.88" S, 62°19' 46.43" W (S38.40202, W62.19766), 38° 41' 1.49" S, 62° 19' 21.59" W (S38.68300, W62.32243), M.S. Rodríguez & N. Lois leg.; Felipe Solá [ HAHC] ; Carmen de Patagones , I-948 [handwritten by Bosq], G. Pellerano Collection, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; San Blas , [II– III-1932, Carcelles & Daguerre leg.], # 31784, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; San Blas , [J.B. Daguerre leg.], # 32632, 1 ex. [ MACN] ( Fig. 127 ), # 32633, 1 ex. [ MACN], # 32634, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Rio Negro : [Valcheta, II-1924, M.P. Gómez leg.], # 26492, [3 exx.], 2 exx. [ MACN] ; 19-II-1924, 2 exx. [ MACN], II-1924, # 25662, 7 exx. [ MACN] ; Lamarque , XII-1958, M. Fritz leg., 3 exx. [ ODIC] ; Viedma, H. Iuri leg., 2009, 2 exx. [ ODIC], 31-XII-2011, 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; Meseta de Somuncurá , Sierra Colorada , I-2011, H. Iuri leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; Chubut: “Chu- / but.” [printed on green paper], 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Puerto Madryn , 26-I-2007, R. Vaquero leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; Santa Cruz : Cañadón Los Leones , 1936, Zotta leg., 1 pupal cocoon emerged, 2 fragments of other pupal cocoon [ DIBA], labeled “Nido de Gymnetis inquinita (Coleoptera) ” [typescript]. URUGUAY: Puntas del Miguelete , 1905, J. Mesa leg., Tremoleras Collection , 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; [Paysandú]: “Queguay y Guayabos”, J. Álvarez leg., 8 exx. [ MACN], Tremoleras Collection , 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Cerro Largo: Cerro Valeriana , 3-III-1909, Tremoleras Collection , 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Treinta y Tres; suuroundings of the city, Tremoleras Collection , 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Flores: Costa del Yi [= margin of Río Yi], 15-II-1929, Tremoleras Collection , 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; [Rocha]: Castillo [= Castillos?], 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Colonia, Col. A. Stevenin, 1 ex. [ MACN], 8 exx. [ MACN], Richter Collection , 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Canelones: Solís de Mataojo [labeled “Maldonado / Mataojo”], 28-I-1901, Tremoleras Collection , 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Montevideo: Montevideo, J. Tremoleras leg., ex Col. J.G. Hosmann, Col. A.G. Frers, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Montevideo, J. Tremoleras leg., 2 exx. [ MLPA] ; Montevideo ( Cerro ), Tremoleras Collection , 17-I-1932, G. Fernandez leg., 1 ex. [ MLPA], 4–5-II-1932, 1 ex. [ MLPA], 5-II-1932, 9 exx. [ MLPA] ; Maldonado: Maldonado , 19-II-1909, ex Col. J.G. Hosmann, Col. A.G. Frers, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Maldonado , 26-XII-1912, Tremoleras Collection , 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Piriápolis , 19-II-1909, Tremoleras Collection , 1 ex. [ MLPA].

Male genitalia: parameres ( Fig. 134–135 ); armature of the internal sac ( Figs. 136–139 ).

Note 1: Specimens with orange color instead of yellow ( Figs. 114–115 ) were proposed by Schürhoff (1937) as belonging to a new species, M. litorea , but a gradation between this color, pale orange ( Figs. 116–117 ), paler orange ( Figs. 119–121 ), and yellow ( Figs. 127–128 ) can be seen in several specimens. Except for the color, no differences are observed between M. litorea and M. tigrina . Although the orange specimens seem to be more abundant in northeastern Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes), they also appear in lesser numbers in other localities through Bahía Blanca to the south of Buenos Aires ( Fig. 140 ). Also, the coloration of the venter, dorsum of the head, and legs are equally variable among specimens ( Fig. 140 ).

Note 2: Almost completely black specimens ( Fig. 126 ) were first observed by Burmeister (1866).

Note 3: This gymnetine has the southernmost point of its distribution in Santa Cruz ( Fig. 133 ). Although the pupal cocoons were labeled as belonging to G. inquinita , both are classified as M. tigrina here in accordance with the fact that this species is the only one distributed in Patagonia ( Fig. 133 ), and because they are larger than the pupal cocoons of N. reticulata [ MACN].

Figures

FIGURE 2. Geographic distributions of Gymnetini from Argentina and adjacent countries: Gymnetis bonplandi (triangles); Gymnetis hepatica (circles); Hologymnetis sp. (square).

FIGURE 133. Geographic distributions of Gymnetini from Argentina and adjacent countries: Marmarina sp. (squares); Marmarina tigrina (circles).

FIGURE 140. Geographic distributions of Gymnetini from Argentina and adjacent countries: Neocorvicoana reticulata (circles).

FIGURES 114–128. General aspects of Gymnetini from Argentina: Marmarina tigrina: 114–115, orange morph (Corrientes: Santo Tomé); 116–117, pale orange morph (Corrientes: Santo Tomé); 118, Maculinetis litorea (lectotype, extracted from Ratcliffe 2004); 119–121, paler orange morph (Corrientes: Santo Tomé); 122, Gymnetis tigrina (lectotype, extracted from Ratcliffe 2004); 123–125, dark morph; 126, black morph; 127–128, pale yellow morph (Buenos Aires: San Blas).

FIGURES 3–7. General aspects of Gymnetini: 3–5, Gymnetis bajula (3, darker specimen; 4, specimen from the Burmeister Collection [MACN], likely the holotype of G. perplexa; 5, lighter specimen); 6, Gymnetis bruchi (Bruch Collection); 7, Aemilius wagneri (extracted from Le Moult 1939).

FIGURES 44–51. General aspects of Gymnetini from Argentina: 44–45, Gymnetis chalcipes (44, common phenotype; 45, light phenotype); 46, Gymnetis litigiosa (La Rioja: Los Molinos); 47–48, Gymnetis hepatica (47, paratype, Santiago del Estero: Sachayoj; 48, paratype, Chaco: Charata); 49, Gymnetis undata (Misiones, Bruch Collection); 50, Gymnetis hebraica; 51, M. insculpta.

FIGURES 134–139. 134–135. Male parameres: Marmarina tigrina (134, pale yellow morph, Buenos Aires: San Blas; 135, pale orange morph, Corrientes: Santo Tomé). 136–139. Armature of the internal sac and details of spines: Marmarina tigrina: 136–137, pale orange morph (Santo Tomé); 138–139, orange morph (Santo Tomé).