Chilecicada impartemporaria, Sanborn & Cole & Stukel & Łukasik & Veloso & Gonzalez & Karkar & Simon, 2021

Sanborn, Allen F., Cole, Jeffrey A., Stukel, Mark, Łukasik, Piotr, Veloso, Claudio, Gonzalez, Valorie A., Karkar, Jessica B. & Simon, Chris, 2021, Thirteen new species of Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) expand the highly endemic cicada fauna of Chile, Zootaxa 5078 (1), pp. 1-70 : 15-19

Chilecicada impartemporaria n. sp. Sanborn and Cole

Fig. 4 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 2 (song), Plate 4 (wing flick), Plate 5 (distribution)

Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Quillota Pr.; Comuna de Quillota, / F-390, 0.75 km east of jct. / highway 60 and 4.38 east of / Tabolango, / 32.94236S, 71.32465W, 107 m. / 31-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon / leg. S18-41 //JAC000003283” 1♂ ( LACM). Paratypes. “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Cabildo, / cuesta de Camino E-35, antes del / tunel a artificio, / 32.40900S, 71.06156W, 256 m. / 20- XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-06 // JCR181220_15 // JAC000003276” 1♂ ( LACM); CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Cabildo, / cuesta de Camino E-35, antes del / tunel a artificio, / 32.40900S, 71.06156W, 256 m. / 20-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-06 // JCR181220_16 // JAC000003277” 1♂ ( LACM); CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Cabildo, / cuesta de Camino E-35, antes del / tunel a artificio, / 32.40900S, 71.06156W, 256 m. / 20-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-06 // JAC000003278” 1♂ ( LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Provincia de Quillota; Comuna de / Nogales; Cuesta El Melón, south / slope, 2.5 km north of Ruta 5, / 32.61556S, 71.23225W, 498 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-10 // 181221-04” 1♂ ( AFSC); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Zapallar, / Cuesta El Melón, north slope, 2.6 / km north of Ruta 5, / 32.59915S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-09 // 181221-000 FC // JAC000003280” 1♂ ( LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Provincia de Quillota; Comuna de / Nogales; Cuesta El Melón, south / slope, 2.5 km north of Ruta 5, / 32.61556S, 71.23225W, 498 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-09 // 181221-00” 1♂ ( AFSC); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Zapallar, / Cuesta El Melón, north slope, 2.6 / km north of Ruta 5, / 32.59915S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-09 // JCR181221_01 // JAC000003279” 1♂ ( LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Zapallar, / Cuesta El Melón, north slope, 2.6 / km north of Ruta 5, / 32.59915S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-09 // JAC000003281” 1♂ ( LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Zapallar, / Cuesta El Melón, north slope, 2.6 / km north of Ruta 5, / 32.59915S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-09 // 181221-01 // JAC000003282” 1♂ ( LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Zapallar, / Cuesta El Melón, north slope, 2.6 / km north of Ruta 5, / 32.59915S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-09 // 181221-01 // JAC000001903” 1♀ ( LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Provincia de Quillota; Comuna de / Nogales; Cuesta El Melón, south / slope, 2.5 km north of Ruta 5, / 32.61556S, 71.23225W, 498 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-09”, 1♀ ( AFSC); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Provincia de Petorca; Comuna de / Zapallar; Cuesta El Melón, north / slope, 2.6 km south of Ruta 5, / 32.599158S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-09” 1♂ ( AFSC); “16.CL. RM. TCD.980 / -33.0612, -71.0099 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ ( UCMS); “16.CL. RM.TCD.981 / -33.0612, -71.0999 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ ( MNNC); “16.CL. RM.TCD.983 / -33.0612, -71.0099 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ ( AFSC); “16.CL. RM.TCD.984 / -33.0612, -71.0099 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ ( AFSC); “16.CL. RM.LPD.992 / -33.4397, -70.9913 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1 ♂ ( UCMS); “16.CL. RM.LPD.995 / -33.4397, -70.9913 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ ( UCMS); “14.CL. RM.CLU.325 / -33.0163, -70.9948 / 10.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ ( UCMS); “14.CL. RM. CLU.323 / -33.0163, -70.9948 / 10.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ ( MNNC); “14.CL. RM.PLN.304.3 / -33.4926, - 70.5177 / 9.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ ( UCMS); “14.CL. RM.PLN.520.1 / -33.4926, -70.5177 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ ( MNNC); “14.CL.LI.BLV.425 / -34.8258, -70.7418 / 14.XiI.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ ( UCMS); “15. CL. RM. CDM.602 / -33.8192, -70.1322 / 5.XII.2015 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ ( UCMS); “15.CL.CO.CHP.691 / -31.7222, -71.2747 / 12.XII.2015 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ ( UCMS). The code 16.CL. RM.TCD refers to paso superior Cuesta la Dormida, Tiltil, Region Metropolitana, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso and Piotr Lukasik. The code 16.CL. RM.LPD refers to the side of highway 68, 3.5 km E from Los Panguiles, Region Metropolitana, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso and Piotr Lukasik. The code 14.CL. RM.CLU refers to Caleu, Tiltil area, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. The code 14.CL. RM.PLN refers to Park Quebrada de Macul, Peñalolen, Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile. The code 14.CL.LI.BLV refers to Sierra de Bellavista area, O’Higgins Region, Chile. The code 15.CL. RM.LCN refers to the hill near the village of Los Culenes, Metropolitan Region Chile. The code 15.CL. RM. CDM refers to the side of the road Camino Al Volcán, 3.5 km E from the village of El Volcán, Cajón del Maipo, Metropolitan Region, Chile. The Code 15.CL.CO.CHP refers to the intersection between roads D-37-E and D-85, 9 KM W from the town of Choapa, Coquimbo Region, Chile.

Etymology. The name is a combination of impar - (L. impar, unequal, uneven) and - temporaria (L. temporarius, of time) in reference to the temporally inconsistent song echemes of the species.

Description. Ground color castaneous heavily marked with piceous, greenish costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum greenish in some paratypes and live specimens. Costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing faded from green to ochraceous due to ethanol exposure in most paratypes. Body covered with silvery pile giving a grayish appearance when live.

Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color anterior margin and anterolateral supra-antennal plate and posterior epicranial suture with mark extending laterally along posterior of head from posterior epicranial suture to cranial depressions, mark reduced to only epicranial suture in some paratypes, short silvery pile and radiating longer silvery pile on dorsal head, denser longer pile posterior to eye. Ocelli dark red, eyes dark castaneous lightly margined proximally with ground color. Gena piceous margined with ground color medial margin, anteriorly along supra-antennal plate, and posteromedial margin along lorum, piceous expanded in some paratypes, lorum ground color with piceous mark along anteromedial and posteromedial margins, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous posterior to transverse grooves, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral and posterior margins. Anteclypeus ground color with piceous lateral spot extending towards midline in middle, all but carina and anterior and posterior margins piceous in some paratypes, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum ground color with lateral castaneous fascia, expanding to cover most of mentum in some paratypes, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous.

Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline fusing medially in anterior fissure and in posterior ambient fissure, lateral ambient fissures, paramedian and lateral fissures piceous, all fissures piceous in some paratypes, mark in lateral fissure expanding onto lateral disk, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure, additional spots just posterior to central paramedian fissure in some paratypes, spots expanded or reduced in some paratypes. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous mark on posterolateral margin of lateral angle, mark expanded in some paratypes forming fascia connecting along anterior pronotal collar lateral angle which may connect to lateral ambient fissure. Pronotum with short silvery pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, piceous fused anteromedially, lateral sigilla mottled piceous, completely piceous in some paratypes, lateral longitudinal fascia in some paratypes, anchor-shaped piceous mark on central disk posterior to submedian sigilla, expanding to large rectangular spot or expanding to cover all but ground color margin along submedian sigilla in some paratypes, piceous scutal depressions and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation fusing on midline with posterior of anchor-shaped mark, mark extends along anterior midline of cruciform elevation, mark extending over most of cruciform elevation midline in some paratypes but not reaching posterior margin, posterior of anterior arm and anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline and anterolateral, mediolateral and posterolateral fasciae. Dorsum covered with silvery pile, denser between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and long silvery pile in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on basisternum 2, anterior anepisternum 2 in some paratypes, posterior katepisternum 2, lateral trochantin 2, medial margin of meron 2, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on posterior episternum 3 and medial margin of trochantin 3, piceous expanded in some paratypes. Ventral segments covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile.

Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively, several paratype hind wings with five apical cells, some with six in one hind wing and five in the other. Venation greenish proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein greenish separated by piceous fascia proximally, piceous absent or extending to node in some paratypes, anal vein 2 + 3 piceous. Basal cell about three times longer than broad with piceous mark proximally on cubitus posterior + anal vein 1. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing grayish mottled with orange with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein, anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, posterior to cubitus posterior, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with gray mottled with orange, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray and orange area and base of cubital cell 1, cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1.

Legs. Legs ground color, tinged with green in some paratypes, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, fore tibiae striped with piceous distally and fusing near distal terminus, middle tibiae with thinner and shorter fasciae, hind tibiae lacking distal fascia, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi piceous except ground color proximal mesotarus and metatarsus of fore tarsi, ventral and lateral mesotarsus and all but distal mesotarsus and pretarsus of hind tarsi, piceous expanding in some paratypes, pretarsal claws piceous. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, secondary spine almost upright, longest, and very small tertiary spine, primary and secondary spines piceous, tertiary spine ground color. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with castaneous spot on base, an elongated triangle distally curving mediad, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin to middle of tympanal cavity. Female meracanthus similarly shaped and colored, reaching to anterior of sternite III.

Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, obtusely angled posteromedially, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin curved to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly colored and shaped reaching to anterior of sternite II.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 with ground color anterior margin and anterolateral corners with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally and castaneous posterior, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity, castaneous posterior to piceous and timbal cavities, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous, piceous extending posteriorly on midline on tergite 3 half way to posterior margin, piceous expanding laterally or on dorsolateral tergites in some paratypes, tergites covered with short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 5–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterior margin, small transverse piceous fascia on either side of midline near anterior margin and piceous auditory capsule, sternites III–VII testaceous, sternite III with ground color anterior and posterior margins and piceous fascia on anterior margin expanding into spot on midline and small piceous spots on anterolateral corners, sternite VII with ground color posterior margin. Epipleurites testaceous. Sternite VIII ground color, dorsal margin with curve near base forming an obtuse angle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII. Female sternite VII ground color with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, large V-shaped notch almost reaching anterior margin, posterolateral margin on either side of notch curved anterolaterad to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color ventrally and laterally anterior to stigma, piceous anteriorly, dorsolaterally, dorsally, posteriorly and laterally on stigma, dorsal beak piceous, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight.

Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color ventrally, piceous dorsally separated from ground color by castaneous, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile on dorsolateral posterior. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, angled dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, semicircular terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with ground color posterior margin. Median uncus lobe piceous with lateral margin castaneous in middle and ground color distally, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, distal third curving toward sternite VIII, widening laterally from base before tapering to transverse posterior margin, small ground color ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface dark ground color with piceous base, ventral surfaces almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating golden pile. Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia with a pair of terminal spines extending from ochraceous lateral lobes, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous.

Female gonocoxite IX ground color with piceous posterolateral spots, gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath not reaching to tip of dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath.

Measurements (mm). n= 10♂, 3♀, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 15.55 (14.60–16.55), ♀ 16.13 (15.65– 16.55); length of fore wing: ♂ 16.63 (15.60–17.65), ♀ 16.43 (15.65–17.65); width of fore wing: ♂ 5.79 (5.40–6.20), ♀ 5.80 (5.60–6.15); length of head: ♂ 2.66 (2.50–2.80), ♀ 2.63 (2.45–2.80); width of head including eyes: ♂ 5.02 (4.80–5.30), ♀ 5.13 (5.00–5.30); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 5.32 (5.00–5.60), ♀ 5.60 (5.50–5.70); width of mesonotum: ♂ 4.57 (4.30–5.00), ♀ 4.63 (4.60–4.70).

Song. (n=14: 2 paratypes, 1 UCMS alcoholic molecular voucher, and 1♂ not captured from Valparaíso Region, Petorca Pr. (S18-06) ; 2♂ not captured from Valparaíso Region, Choapa Pr. (S18-07) ; 2 paratypes and 1♂ UCMS alcoholic molecular vouchers from Valparaíso Region, Petorca Pr. (S18-09) ; 1 paratype and 1♂ UCMS alcoholic molecular voucher from Valparaíso Region, Quillota Pr. (S18-10) , 1♂ not captured from Metropolitana Region, Chacabuco Pr. (S18-11) ; 2♂ topotypes not captured from Valparaíso Region, Quillota Pr. (S18-41)) Long , sustained echemes that vary in duration from 1 to 13 s (median=2.74 s) diagnose this species. The wide standard deviation of the mean echeme duration (3.85±3.42 s) emphasizes the substantial variation. The echeme rate is 0.37±0.20 s- 1. Dominant frequencies extend the highest among Chilecicada from 7.45 to 13.97 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.99±0.38 kHz) .

Diagnosis. One of the smaller species the Chilecicada species including the smallest specimen studied. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 14.60–16.55 mm, fore wing length between 15.60–17.65 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.00 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, a piceous fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins that can extend partially or completely to node, a triangular meracanthus, ground color medial opercular margin, posteromedial operculum forming an obtuse angle, abdominal epipleurites lack a central spot, and an uncus that is piceous with ground color and/or castaneous lateral and dorsal fasciae with the distal third curving to the terminus.

No other Chilecicada sings with long echemes of uneven duration at a high dominant frequency.

Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in multiple localities in the Coquimbo, Metropolitana, and Valparaíso Regions of central Chile.

Figures

PLATE 1. Living habitus of Chilecicada species. A. C. citatatemporaria PARATOPOTYPE, Región de Valparaíso, Provincia de Petorca; B. C. culenesensis PARATOPOTYPE specimen PL714, Región Metropolitana; C. C. impartemporaria PARATYPE, Región de Valparaíso, Provincia de Petorca; D. C. magna HOLOTYPE specimen JM037, Región del Maule; E. C. mapuchensis HOLOTYPE specimen PL518, Región Metropolitana; F. C. occidentis Región Metropolitana, Provincia de Santiago; G. C. oraria PARATOPOTYPE, Región del Maule, Provincia de Cauquenes; H. C. parrajaraorum HOLOTYPE specimen PL722, Región O’Higgins; I. C. partemporaria; J. C. pehuenchesensis PARATYPE specimen PL516, Región Metropolitana; K. C. trifascia HOLOTYPE specimen PL430, Región O’Higgins; L. C. trifasciunca PARATOPOTYPE specimen PL515, Región Metropolitana; M. C. viridicitata PARATOPOTYPE, Región O’Higgins, Provincia de Cochagüa.

PLATE 2. Waveforms of Chilecicada songs. Left column 5 s oscillogram windows show echemes and echeme sequences, right column 0.5 s windows show pulses and syllables within echemes.

FIGURE 4. Chilecicada impartemporaria n. sp.: A, Holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, paratype male lateral view of genitalia; G, paratype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 2 mm; C–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.

PLATE 4. Male Chilecicada wing flick behavior. Wing flicks are depicted on spectrograms with Hanning window size 512 except 4B C. impartemporaria, which best resolved on an oscillogram. Each wing flick is annotated with a dot above its position on the window, while echemes are annotated with dashes.

PLATE 5. Distribution of Chilecicada from records reported in this work.