Allocorynina Sharp, 1890

O’Brien, Charles W. & Tang, William, 2015, Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae), Zootaxa 3970 (1), pp. 1-87 : 7-12

Subtribe Allocorynina Sharp, 1890

REDESCRIPTION. Body minute to large (BL = 1.6–6.2 mm); broad oval to elongate oval; unicolored brown or bicolored orange-brown and black.

Male. Rostrum: coarsely punctate to denticulate on dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces, degree of denticulation often increasing with size of individual, rostral length/pronotal length (RL/PL) = 0.56–1.44 (n = 343); maxillae with prominent mala bearing both filamentous and flattened setae, stipes with prominent notch along edge of socket where palpifer and palps are inserted; maxillary palps 3-segmented (Fig. 269): palpifer (segment basal to 3- segmented palps) partially retracted into stipes, mean length = 0.23 (range = 0.15–0.40) X own width; segment 1 with prominent seta emergent from side, mean length = 0.41 (range = 0.26–0.55) X own width and 1.72 (range = 1.0–3.45) X length of palpifer; segment 2 subequal in length and shape to segment 1 but slightly narrower, mean width = 0.86 (range = 0.76–1.0) X width of segment 1; segment 3 truncate with short setae (<1/3 width of segment) at apex, mean length = 1.28 (0.83–1.58) X own width and 2.20 (range = 1.78–3.25) X length of segment 1; labial palps 2- or 3-segmented, each segment subequal in width, nonterminal segments (n = 13 species with 2 nonterminal segments) subequal in length, terminal segment with short setae (<1/3 width of segment) at apex, mean length = 1.87 (range = 1.44–2.29) X own width and 2.01 (range = 1.38–2.83) X length of preceding segment(s). Head: forehead with longitudinal median sulcus; with or without postocular transverse groove; punctation present; fine reticulation between punctation visible at high magnification (40–100X) or absent and smooth. Antennae: insertion facing anteriad or ventrad; with 11articles; length of scape useful for distinguishing some genera and species, = 0.68–2.60 X eye length and 0.76–1.67 X length of desmomeres 1–2 together (n = 114), desmomeres 1–2 elongate, approximately twice own width, 3–4 transitional from elongate to rounded, 5–7 rounded, moniliform, apical 3 rhopalomeres forming compressed club, the basal 2 on both sides of distal end each with 1–3 deep, circular, oval or elongate pits wider or narrower than diameter of socket of apical rhopalomere (Figs. 101–124), latter narrowing to rounded point. Eyes: dorsal interocular distance relative to head width at eye = 0.28–0.56 (n = 221); postocular head width <or> than head width at eye. Prothorax: with impressed line parallel to anterior margin, forming distinct thickened anterior collar (Fig. 268), or line absent and margin smooth and gradually thinning to sharp edge (seen in frontal view), fine hairs fringing anterior margin present or absent; ratio of pronotal width to length (PW/PL) = 1.11–1.65 (n = 359); punctation present; fine reticulation between punctation visible at high magnification (40–100X) or absent; notopleural sutures short and not extending far from procoxae, or long and reaching anterior edge of prosternum; distance between anterior margin of procoxae and anterior margin of prosternum 0.6–6.0 X distance to posterior margin of prosternum (n = 217); procoxal cavities separated by sclerotized, black septum (Fig. 270) or confluent. Legs: profemora on ventrodistal surface with or without spines, pegs or granulations; asymmetrically swollen or not; ventroproximal surface rounded or with ridge. Elytra: punctation present; fine reticulation between punctation visible at high magnification (40–100X) or absent and elytra smooth. Wings: venation (Figs. 97–100) (based on Zherikin & Gratshev 1995) with up to four anal veins, identified herein from distal to proximal position as 1A1, 1A2, 2A, 3A, presence of and relative lengths varying between genera; rm vein sclerotized or not, confluent with Mr vein, forming, or not, proximal spur of varying length beyond confluence with rm.

Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: smooth and shining, RL/PL = 1.02–1.95 (n = 290); never overlapping with male RL/PL within species. Prothorax: PW/PL = 1.17–1.74 (n = 311), overlapping with male PW/PL or not, within species. Legs: profemora on ventrodistal surface always without spines, pegs or granulations.

Genitalia and Associated Structures— Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.68–1.64 mm, curved ventrally (Figs. 125–172). Penis: of pedotectal type, in shape varying from troughlike to dorso-ventrally flattened tube, in dorsal view 2.0–3.4 X own width; pedon with lateral walls sclerotized, smooth except for granular texture on basal section at junction with apodemes and protuberances at apex, floor (ventral wall) with apical 4/5 sclerotized, smooth except for protuberances at apex; dorsum mostly membranous except for three regions: 1) sclerotized transverse bridge at base where tectum joins apodemes (in Parallocorynus , Figs. 149–172, and to lesser degree in Protocorynus and Notorhopalotria , Figs. 125–134); 2) sclerotized strip along each lateral margin, extending from base to about middle of apex and appearing contiguous with lateral walls, width of each strip <1/5 width of pedon present in all species (Figs. Odd-numbered 125–171); 3) basally of orifice two sclerotized lobes, or orificial plates, one extending from each lateral margin meeting or nearly meeting at midline and forming double door-like structure located underneath tectum membrane, appearing to tilt upward in dorsal direction facilitating extrusion of internal sac, weakly sclerotized, but visible in Protocorynus , and indistinct in Notorhopalotria , present in all species, orifice usually indistinct except where distal end of orificial plates bends and/or extrudes, apical ends of orificial plates continuous with apex of internal sac in retracted position; apical area of pedon exhibiting several diagnostic characters in dorsal view (Fig. 173–196): 1) shape of lateral folds; 2) pattern of studding, with protuberances of lateral folds and ventral surface of apex diagnostic or not; 3) amount of tapering or degree of rounding of apex; 4) degree of curvature in lateral margins; 5) structure at orifice, such as presence of sclerotized knobs (Figs. 189–190) or consistent pattern of curvature or folding of orificial plates in certain species groups (e.g., Figs. 195–196); two laterally flattened apodemes extending basad seamlessly from lateral base of pedon, in lateral view straight to curving ventrally, dorsal margins thickened, especially in apical half, expanding gradually basad until rounding at basal end; in dorsal view apodemes parallel to convergent, with convergence most pronounced at basal end, inner surfaces slightly concave, in basal portion concavity becoming more pronounced along dorsal edge, forming dorsoventrally flattened shelf angled medially at approximately 90˚. Internal sac: membranous; with sections covered by non-overlapping spicules of small or medium size ( Protocorynus , Notorhopalotria , Rhopalotria , some Parallocorynus ) or larger overlapping scales (most Parallocorynus ; Figs. 149–172, 237–239); rod-like, sinuate sclerite (“endophallic strut”) in some Parallocorynus but absent in other genera, along ventral midline of apical half of internal sac, providing rigidity (Figs. 149–160); barbed structure (“endophallic dart”) at apex in Parallocorynus but absent in other genera, visible in fully extruded (Figs. 238A–B) as well as in retracted (Figs. 149–172) internal sac; pair of sclerites (“transfer apparatus”) in Rhopalotria but absent in other genera, each located on either side of midline, in fully extruded internal sac of R. slossoni located in center and pointing dorsad (Fig. 237); in Notorhopalotria other sclerotized structures (“endophallic sclerites”) not yet fully elucidated due to paucity and/or condition of available specimens (Figs. 127, 132). Tegmen: (Fig. 197–212) lacking parameres or parameral lobes; consisting of sclerotized apical plate positioned at rest above penis, lateral margins curving ventrad, forming walls of <half dorsal width of apical plate; manubrium attached at ventrolateral basal angle of plate by membranous or weakly sclerotized tissue, about as long as apical plate, meeting and fusing basally, also joined apicaly by dorsal arch-like membrane often only partially sclerotized; dorsal arch in some species with pair of basal extensions and also extending distad underneath basal section of apical plate or further nearly to apex of apical plate, dorsal arch fused to ventral side of apical plate; manubrium, dorsal arch and basal end of apical plate together forming girdle around penis and joined to it by connective tissue, through which penis slides during extrusion from body for copulation (Figs. 237–239); tegmen apical plate extruding halfway out of abdomen when internal sac inflated; apical plate possessing 11 taxonomically useful characters, including: size, texture, length relative to width, amount of tapering, length of apical setae relative to width of apical plate, number of setae, variation in setal length along apex, presence or absence of apical visor clearly demarcated from apex by crease, present in Rhopalotria as relatively flat extension of dorsal surface, Figs. 201–204, 218–224; in Protocorynus as strongly transversely arched visor forming 3/4 circle, Figs. 197–198, 213), length of apical visor relative to width (distinguishing species within Rhopalotria ), apical margin able to curl in ventral direction along transverse axis, not rigid (distinguishing Parallocorynus from other genera, Figs. 205–212, 225–236), curling of apical plate along longitudinal axis, not rigid (distinguishing Notorhopalotria from other genera, Figs. 199–200, 214–217). Female. Sternite VIII: consisting of two posterior arms fused basally and forming apodeme (Figs. 240–265); fusion gradual, point of demarcation not distinguishable; basal end of apodeme various within species, spatulate or expanding suddenly forming flared tip or not; with spicules partly covering membranous tissue extending between arms; membranous tissue also extending beyond lateral edges of arms and curving dorsad, connecting with ovipositor; distal half of arms and membrane extending just off lateral edges with studding protuberances; posterior margin between arms usually membranous, sclerotized in some species, fringe of setae extending along margin between apices of arms; shorter and less numerous setae located submarginally or not (diagnostic characters including: length of arms relative to apodeme, angle of insertion of arms to apodeme, degree of angulation or curvature in arms, transverse length of posterior fringe of setae relative to maximum distance between arms, length of setae and number of setae). Spermathecal tube: length useful in distinguishing some genera, subgenera and species; spermathecal tube highly coiled or twisted (Figs. 264–265) or not; often flattened and expanding near junction with oviduct; appearing smooth in texture or covered with fine glandular filaments ( Protocorynus ). Ovipositor: consisting of two pairs of longitudinal gonocoxites encased in membranous sac (Figs. 266–267); distal apices of longer inner pair each possessing subapical, laterally directed stylus, each distal apex and stylus with setae; membranous tissue joining gonocoxites, preventing their simultaneous lateral separation and interfering with dissection; not used as diagnostic character.

Keys to Genera, Subgenera and Species of Extant Adult Allocorynina

Color pattern of fully developed adults was found to be particularly useful in distinguishing species and is relied upon extensively in the keys below, and therefore these keys are not intended for use with teneral specimens, in which the color pattern is not developed. In the production of these keys, specimens were judged to have fully formed color patterns when they possessed strongly sclerotized genital structures. Sections of these keys rely on relative lengths of body parts or color patterns, which may show some overlap between species. Thus it is desirable, and in some cases necessary, to have a series of male and female specimens of a species for these keys to be fully functional.

KEY #1: Key to the species of extant Allocorynina (males)

1 Rostrum smooth and shining; profemora not swollen, ventrodistal surface never with spines or granules....................................................................................... specimen is female........ KEY #2

- Rostrum coarsely punctate, rugose or denticulate; profemora may be swollen, ventrodistal surface with spines or granules (Figs. 1–26, 37–42, 81–94, 271–276), or not......................................... specimen is male........ 2

2 Anterior margin of pronotum with impressed line forming narrow thickened collar with complete fringe of fine hairs (Fig. 268) ................................................................................................... 3

- Anterior margin of pronotum without impressed line or collar; fringe of hairs along anterior margin usually obsolete in section bounded between eyes................................................................................. 4

3(2) Head with transverse postocular groove (Fig. 268); pronotum uniformly brownish; rostrum usually black; procoxal cavities not separated by septum; pronotal width/pronotal length 1.11–1.47; on Dioon spp. in Mexico..... Parallocorynus Voss. . ... 14

- Head without transverse postocular groove; pronotum brownish with large black maculation; rostrum brown; procoxal cavities separated by septum (Fig. 270); pronotal width/pronotal length = 1.35–1.65; on Dioon meijiae in Honduras.................................................................................... Protocorynus bontai O’Brien & Tang

4(2) Profemora with ventrodistal surface with one or more pairs of spines located well away from apical pit receiving tibia (Figs. 271–272), ventroproximal surface with ridge; notopleural sutures short, becoming obsolete before reaching anterior margin of prosternum; scape length 1.09–1.64 (mean = 1.35) X length of desmomeres 1+2; apex of pedon pointed; in Central and South America........................................................ Notorhopalotria Tang & O’Brien........ 5

- Profemora with ventrodistal surface with single or one pair of spines located on basal margin of apical pit receiving tibia (Figs. 273–274), ventroproximal surface rounded without ridge; notopleural sutures long, reaching or nearly reaching anterior margin of prosternum; scape length 0.76–1.45 (mean = 1.08) X length of desmomeres 1+2; apex of pedon broadly rounded (subtruncate); in Florida, Caribbean and MesoAmerica................................... Rhopalotria Chevrolat. ....... 8

5(4) Ventrodistal surface of profemora with pair of parallel, usually stout, spines (Fig. 271); elytra of major males with matte texture (Figs. 5–6)................................................................... N. taylori Tang & O’Brien

- Ventrodistal surface of profemora with two parallel rows of small teeth or pegs, at least one row with 2 or more teeth or pegs (Fig. 272); elytra of all males with shining texture............................................................ 6

6(5) Rostral length/pronotal length> 0.7; ventrodistal surface of profemora with pointed teeth; pronotal surface arched and with heavy punctation (average distance between punctures 2 X own width); pronotum usually with dark maculation in center......................................................................... N. montgomeryensis O’Brien & Tang

- Rostral length/pronotal length <0.7; ventrodistal surface of profemora usually with rounded pegs; pronotal surface flat and with moderate punctation (average distance between punctures 3 X own width); pronotum without dark maculation in center..................................................................................eastern Panama group 7

7(6) Pronotal height/width ratio <0.4; pronotum shining; on Zamia obliqua in Colombia.......... N. platysoma Tang & O’Brien

- Pronotal height/width ratio> 0.4; pronotum usually with semi-matte texture; on Zamia in Panama................................................................................................. N. panamensis O’Brien & Tang

8(4) Ventrodistal surface of profemora with single spine (Fig. 273); elytra completely brown or completely black R. ( Allocorynus ) Sharp.............................................................................................. 9

- Ventrodistal surface of profemora with pair of spines (Fig. 274); elytra completely or partially black R. ( Rhopalotria ) Chevrolat............................................................................................... 12

9(8) Elytra black; scutellum with long hair, anterior pronotal margin with complete fringe of fine hairs; head and pronotum smooth, without fine reticulation; on Dioon spinulosum in eastern Mexico...................... R. (A.) vovidesi O’Brien & Tang

- Elytra brown; scutellum without long hair, anterior pronotal margin usually without complete fringe of fine hairs; head and pronotum with fine reticulation......................................................................... 10

10(9) Rostral length/pronotal length 1.05–1.18; dorsal interocular distance/ head width at eyes 0.37–0.44; elytral length/elytral width> 1.19; rostrum of major males denticulate; on Zamia decumbens in Belize.............. R. (A.) calonjei Tang & O’Brien

- Rostral length/pronotal length 0.91–1.01; dorsal interocular distance/ head width at eyes 0.28–0.38; elytral length/elytral width <1.19; rostrum of major males may be rugose, but never denticulate........................................... 11

11(10) Dorsal interocular distance/head width at eyes = or <0.31; in Durango and on Zamia paucijuga on Pacific side of Oaxaca, Mexico............................................................................ R. (A.) mollis (Sharp)

- Dorsal interocular distance/ head width at eyes> 0.31; on various species of Zamia in eastern Mexico............................................................................................ R. (A.) furfuracea O’Brien & Tang

12(8) Elytra completely black; on Zamia sp. in Jamaica................................... R. (R.) meerowi Tang & O’Brien

- Elytra with apical half black and part of basal half brown..................................................... 13

13(12) Elytra with basal 1/4 completely brown; in West Indies.................................. R. (R.) dimidiata Chevrolat

- Elytra with only humeral angles brown, remainder black; in Florida ........................ R. (R.) slossoni (Schaeffer)

14(3) Profemora with ventrodistal surface smooth, without spines or granules......................................... 15

- Profemora with ventrodistal surface with field of granules, 3 or more granules in width (Figs. 275–276), spine present or not. .................................................................................................. 22

15(14) Body uniformly brown; pedon with apex elongate and scoop-shaped, “scoop” area about twice as long as wide (Figs. 191– 192); on Dioon in western Mexico from Sonora to Guerrero .............. P. ( Dysicorynus ) Tang & O’Brien........ 16

- Body bicolored black and orange-brown; pedon with apex short and triangular, length of “scoop” area about equal to width (Figs. 185–190); in eastern and southern Mexico.............................. P. ( Parallocorynus ) Voss........ 17

16(14) Pronotum with pair of foveae on disc, ca. 1/4 from basal margin and 1/8 from lateral margin (Fig. 77)............................................................................................ P. (D.) sonorensis O’Brien & Tang

- Pronotum without foveae..................................................... P. (D.) andrewsi Tang & O’Brien

17(15) Venter uniformly orange-brown, concolorous with pronotum; rostral length/pronotal length 0.96–1.20; on Dioon angustifolium and D. edule complex in eastern Mexico................................................................. 18

- Metasternite and sometimes abdominal sternites black, contrasting with orange-brown of pronotum; rostral length/pronotal length 1.07–1.40; on other Dioon species in southern Mexico................................................. 19

18(17) Elytra completely or almost completely black; rostral length/pronotal length 0.96–1.10 (mean = 1.01); on Dioon angustifolium and related forms of Dioon from Nuevo León to San Luis Potosi, Mexico................ P. (P.) norstogi O’Brien & Tang

- Elytra with basal half–3/4 brown, remaining portion in shades of brown to black; rostral length/pronotal length 1.04–1.20 (mean = 1.11); on Dioon edule in Veracruz, Mexico............................. P. (P.) perezfarrerai Tang & O’Brien

19(17) Color of scutellum, mesosternite and meso- and metafemora always black, contrasting with orange-brown of pronotum; on Dioon argenteum-califanoi-purpusii complex in south central Mexico.................. P. (P.) gregoryi O’Brien & Tang

- Color of scutellum, mesepisternum, mesepimeron and/or meso- and metafemora usually orange-brown, contrasting with black of elytra; on other Dioon spp. in southern Mexico.......................................................... 20

20(19) Rostral length/pronotal length 1.29–1.40; on Dioon caputoi complex in central southern Mexico...... P. (P.) bicolor (Voss)

- Rostral length/pronotal length 1.07–1.31; on other Dioon species in southern Mexico.............................. 21

21(20) On Dioon holmgrenii along Pacific slope of Oaxaca, Mexico.......................... P. (P.) salasae Tang & O’Brien

- Dioon merolae on Pacific slope of Chiapas and southeastern side of Oaxaca, Mexico...... P. (P.) jonesi O’Brien & Tang

22(14) Ventral surface of profemora with stout apical spine (Figs. 90, 94, 276)....... P. ( Eocorynus ) Tang & O’Brien........ 23

- Ventral surface of profemora without stout apical spine (Fig. 275)........... P. ( Neocorynus ) O’Brien & Tang ........ 24

23(22) Elytra predominantly brown; head (exclusive of rostrum and eyes) uniformly brown........ P. (E) schiblii Tang & O’Brien

- Elytra completely black; forehead black and contrasting with brownish color of lateral and ventral parts of head (exclusive of rostrum and eyes)........................................................... P. (E.) chemnicki Tang & O’Brien

24(22) Dorsal interocular distance/head width at eye 0.40–0.48 (mean = 0.44); penis in dorsal view (Fig. 167) with width of lateral folds (posterior to junction with apodemes) relatively narrow, together ~ 1/4 total width of penis; on Dioon edule in Veracruz, Mexico................................................................... P. (N.) iglesiasi Tang & O’Brien

- Dorsal interocular distance/head width at eye 0.46–0.52 (mean = 0.50); penis in dorsal view (Fig. 165) more robust, with lateral folds broader (posterior to junction with apodemes), together> 1/3 total width of penis); on Dioon angustifolium and related forms of Dioon from Nuevo León to San Luis Potosi, Mexico............... P. (N.) inexpectatus O’Brien & Tang

KEY #2: Key to the species of extant Allocorynina (females)

1 Rostrum smooth and shining; profemora not swollen, ventrodistal surface never with spines or granules specimen is female. .................................................................................................... 2

- Rostrum coarsely punctate, rugose or denticulate; profemora may be swollen, ventrodistal surface may have spines or granules (Figs. 1–26, 37–42, 81–86, 271–274) specimen is male................................................. KEY#1

2(1) Anterior margin of pronotum with impressed line, forming narrow thickened collar with complete fringe of fine hairs (Fig. 268)................................................................................................ 3

- Anterior margin of pronotum without impressed line or collar, fringe of hairs along anterior margin usually obsolete in section bounded between eyes................................................................................. 4

3(2) Head with tranverse postocular groove (Figs. 268); pronotum uniformly brownish; rostrum usually black; procoxal cavities not separated by septum; pronotal width/pronotal length 1.12–1.51; on Dioon spp. in Mexico....... Parallocorynus Voss … 14

- Head without tranverse postocular groove, pronotum brownish with large black maculation; rostrum brown; procoxal cavities separated by septum (Fig. 270); pronotal width/pronotal length 1.61–1.74; on Dioon meijiae in Honduras...................................................................................... Protocorynus bontai O’Brien & Tang

4(2) Unicolorous pale brown; arms of sternite VIII ~ half as long as apodeme; notopleural sutures short, becoming obsolete before reaching anterior margin of prosternum; scape length 1.27–1.64 (mean = 1.38) X length of desmomeres 1+2.............................................................................. Notorhopalotria Tang & O’Brien........ 5

- Bicolored black and pale brown or unicolorous pale brown; if unicolorous pale brown then arms of sternite VIII ~ as long as apodeme; notopleural sutures reaching or nearly reaching anterior margin of prosternum; scape length 0.86–1.45 (mean = 1.20) X length of desmomeres 1+2............................................ Rhopalotria Chevrolat. ....... 8

5(4) Rostral length/pronotal length> 1.3; pronotal surface domed and with heavy punctation (average distance between punctures 2 X own width).....................................................................western Panama group 6

- Rostral length/pronotal length <1.3; pronotal surface flat and with moderate punctation (average distance between punctures 3 X own width)..................................................................... eastern Panama group 7

6(5) Pronotum without dark maculation; on epiphytic Zamia pseudoparasitica in Panama........... N. taylori Tang & O’Brien

- Pronotum usually with dark maculation in center; on terrestrial species of Zamia in eastern Costa Rica and western Panama....................................................................... N. montgomeryensis O’Brien & Tang

7(5) Pronotal height/width ratio <0.4; body length 1.6–1.9 mm; on Zamia obliqua in Colombia.... N. platysoma Tang & O’Brien

- Pronotal height/width ratio> 0.4; body length usually larger, 1.8–2.4 mm; on Zamia in Panama................................................................................................... N. panamensis O’Brien & Tang

8(4) Elytra completely brown............................................. R. ( Allocorynus ) Sharp (in part)........ 9 Elytra completely or partially black...................................................................... 11

9(8) Dorsal interocular distance/ head width at eyes 0.37–0.44; elytral length/elytral width> 1.19; arms of sternite VIII shorter than apodeme (Fig. 250); on Zamia decumbens in Belize................................. R. (A.) calonjei Tang & O’Brien

- Dorsal interocular distance/ head width at eyes 0.28–0.38; elytral length/elytral width <1.19; arms of sternite VIII longer than apodeme (Figs. 248–249); in Mexico................................................................... 10

10(9) Dorsal interocular distance/ head width at eyes = or <0.31; arms of sternite VIII forming “V” shape (Fig. 248); in Durango and on Zamia paucijuga on Pacific side of Oaxaca, Mexico....................................... R. (A.) mollis (Sharp)

- Dorsal interocular distance/ head width at eyes> 0.31; arms of sternite VIII forming “U” shape (Fig. 249); on various species of Zamia on Atlantic side of eastern Mexico..................................... R. (A.) furfuracea O’Brien & Tang

11(8) Elytra completely black............................................................................... 12

- Elytra with apical half black and part of basal half brown................ R. ( Rhopalotria ) Chevrolat (in part)........ 13

12(11) Scutellum with long hair, rostral length/pronotal length> 1.7; anterior pronotal margin with complete fringe of fine hairs; head and pronotum smooth, without fine reticulation; on Dioon spinulosum in eastern Mexico............................................................................. R. ( Allocorynus ) Sharp (in part), R. (A.) vovidesi O’Brien & Tang

- Scutellum without long hair, rostral length/pronotal length <1.4; anterior pronotal margin with incomplete fringe of fine hairs; head and pronotum with fine reticulation visible at high magnification 40–100X; on Zamia sp. in Jamaica............................................................. R. ( Rhopalotria ) Chevrolat (in part), R. (R.) meerowi Tang & O’Brien

13(11) Elytra with basal 1/4 completely brown; in West Indies.................................. R. (R.) dimidiata Chevrolat

- Elytra with only humeral angles brown, remainder black; in Florida ........................ R. (R.) slossoni (Schaeffer)

14(3) Body uniformly brown; arms of sternite VIII sharply angulate, bent at nearly 90̊ (Figs. 258–259); spermathecal tube longer than apodeme of sternite VIII (Fig. 264); on Dioon in western Mexico from Sonora to Guerrero ....................................................................................... P. ( Dysicorynus ) Tang & O’Brien........ 17

- Body bicolored black and brown or black and orange-brown; arms of sternite VIII rounded or moderately angulate, forming angle> 145̊ (Figs. 252–257); spermathecal tube shorter than apodeme of sternite VIII (Fig. 265); in eastern or southern Mexico................................................................................................ 15

15(14) Rostral length/pronotal length 1.77–1.95; pronotal width/pronotal length 1.33–1.45... P. ( Eocorynus ) Tang & O’Brien… 23

- Rostral length/pronotal length 1.27–1.75; pronotal width/pronotal length 1.17–1.51................................ 16

16(15) Pronotal width/pronotal length 1.17–1.27; tibiae brownish; metathorax orange-brown; arms of sternite VIII rounded....................................................................... P. ( Neocorynus ) O’Brien & Tang ........ 24

- Pronotal width/pronotal length 1.23–1.51; tibiae brown to black; metathorax orange-brown to black; arms of sternite VIII angulate.............................................................. P. ( Parallocorynus ) Voss........ 18

17(14) Pronotum with pair of foveae on disc, ca. 1/4 from basal margin and 1/8 from lateral margin (Fig. 77)............................................................................................ P. (D.) sonorensis O’Brien & Tang

- Pronotum without foveae..................................................... P. (D.) andrewsi Tang & O’Brien

18(16) Venter uniformly brownish; desmomere 1 usually not asymmetric; on Dioon angustifolium and D. edule complex in eastern Mexico............................................................................................ 19

- Meso- and metasternite and sometimes abdomen black or partly black; desmomere 1 strongly asymmetric; on other Dioon species in southern Mexico............................................................................... 20

19(18) Elytra completely or almost completely black; elytral length/pronotal length 2.56–2.86 (mean = 2.70); on Dioon angustifolium and related forms of Dioon from Nuevo León to San Luis Potosi, Mexico............... P. (P.) norstogi O’Brien & Tang

- Elytra basal half–3/4 brown, remaining portion shades of brown to black; elytral length/pronotal length 2.70–3.12 (mean = 2.86); on Dioon edule in Veracruz, Mexico.................................... P. (P.) perezfarrerai Tang & O’Brien

20(18) Color of scutellum, mesothorax, abdomen and meso- and metafemora always black, contrasting with orange-brown of pronotum; on Dioon argenteum-califanoi-purpusii complex in south central Mexico............ P. (P.) gregoryi O’Brien & Tang

- Color of scutellum, mesepisterna, mesepimera, abdomen and/or meso- and metafemora usually orange-brown, contrasting with black of elytra; in southern Mexico.................................................................. 21

21(20) Pronotal width/pronotal length = 1.28–1.51 (mean = 1.43); on Dioon merolae in Chiapas and southern Oaxaca, Mexico.................................................................................. P. (P.) jonesi O’Brien & Tang

- Pronotal width/pronotal length = 1.23–1.40 (mean = 1.32–1.33); on Dioon holmgrenii along Pacific slope of Oaxaca or D. caputoi complex in southern Puebla and northern Oaxaca, Mexico ............................................. 22

22(21) On Dioon holmgrenii along Pacific slope of Oaxaca, Mexico........................... P. (P.) salasae Tang & O’Brien

- Dioon caputoi complex in southern Puebla and northern Oaxaca, Mexico...................... P. (P.) bicolor (Voss)

23(15) Elytra completely black; forehead black and contrasting with brownish color of lateral and ventral parts of head (exclusive of rostrum and eyes).......................................................... P. (E.) chemnicki Tang & O’Brien

- Elytra predominantly brown; head (exclusive of rostrum and eyes) uniformly brown in color..................................................................................................... P. (E.) schiblii Tang & O’Brien

24(16) Dorsal interocular distance/head width at eye 0.40–0.49 (mean = 0.43); on Dioon edule in Veracruz, Mexico........................................................................................ P. (N.) iglesiasi Tang & O’Brien

- Dorsal interocular distance/head width at eye 0.45–0.51 (mean = 0.48); on Dioon angustifolium and related forms of Dioon from Nuevo León to San Luis Potosi, Mexico.................................. P. (N.) inexpectatus O’Brien & Tang