Vishnuloka Distant, 1906

Constant, Jérôme & Bartlett, Charles R., 2019, New records and species in five planthopper families from Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia with checklist of Cambodian planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), Belgian Journal of Entomology 83, pp. 1-27 : 1-27

Genus Vishnuloka Distant, 1906

Vishnuloka DISTANT, 1906a: 345 . Type species: Vishnuloka prominula Distant, 1906 .

Delia MELICHAR, 1906: 265 . Type species: Delia deserta Melichar, 1906 . Junior homonym of Delia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 .

Ardelia MELICHAR, 1907: 324 , nom. nov. pro Delia Melichar, 1906 , nec Delia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 ; synonymized by GNEZDILOV (2012: 240).

Vishnuloka – METCALF, 1958: 484 (catalogued). — GNEZDILOV, 2012: 240 [synonymy; lectotypes; key to species]. — GNEZDILOV et al., 2014: 81 [listed doubtfully from Vietnam]. — MENG et al., 2016: 3 [keyed], 12 [diagnosis].

DISTRIBUTION. Southeast Asia: northern India, Myanmar, Cambodia and Sumatra.

NOTES. The genus Vishnuloka Distant, 1906 is here placed in the tribe Sarimini Wang, Zhang & Bourgoin, 2016 based on the following diagnostic tribal characters given by WANG et al. (2016): 3 lobed hind wing with Pcu-A1 lobe more or less as wide as ScP-R-MP-Cu lobe and Pcu single or branched. Pcu and A1 anastomosing on a short or longer distance. A2 not branched. GNEZDILOV (2012) treated the record of Vishnuloka deserta ( Melichar, 1906) given by LALLEMAND (1942) as being from North Vietnam and stated that this record was dubious for this species and probably referred to an undescribed genus. However, Lallemand failed to give a precise location for the material he had identified that might as well come from China, and Gnezdilov actually did not examine this material. Moreover, the recent discovery of the genus in Cambodia does not allow a priori exclusion of its presence in Vietnam and/or China although the species identification given by Lallemand (a species known from Indonesia) requires verification.

Species included

1. Vishnuloka bunonga sp. nov. [ Cambodia: Mondulkiri].

2. Vishnuloka deserta ( Melichar, 1906) [ Indonesia: Sumatra].

3. Vishnuloka prominula Distant, 1906 [ India: Sikkim; Myanmar: Tenasserim].

Vishnuloka bunonga sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B18100B3-72CF-4589-8E1A-2FC1FD2CDB7C

Figs 8–10

ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet refers to the Bunong ethnic group, who inhabit the same area as the new species in Mondulkiri Province.

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TYPE MATERIAL. CAMBODIA: holotype ♂ ( Fig. 8 A–G ): [Cambodia, Mondulkiri Prov., Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary, nr O Pam station, 12°11’39”N 107°01’01”E, 14–24.XI.2018, leg. J. Constant, I.G.: 33.919] ( RBINS) .

Paratypes: 4♂♂, 3♀♀ ( Fig. 8 H–K ): same collection data as holotype (2♂♂, 3♀♀: RBINS; 2♂♂: RUPP) .

DIAGNOSIS. The species can be separated from the other Vishnuloka by its longer cephalic process, representing 1.34 times the length of the eye in lateral view (1.17 times maximum in the other species) and by its more elongate head, 1.1 times longer than broad including eyes in dorsal view (0.95 times maximum in other Vishnuloka ).

DESCRIPTION.

Measurements and ratios: LT: ♂ (n = 5): 8.6 mm (8.40–9.04); ♀ (n = 3): 9.1 mm (8.73–9.39). LTg/BTg = 2.5; LV/BV = 0.42; LF/BF = 1.22.

Head: ( Fig. 8 A–B, D–E, H–K ) strongly projecting for length greater than width of eye, coniform, distally narrowed to rounded apex; back of head roundly concave. Vertex brown, weakly concave, wider than long with distal margin weakly marked with red and very narrow longitudinal mediobasal groove reaching half-length of vertex. Frons strongly elongate and protruding anteriorly into a strong conical proboscis; brown to dark brown ventrally with strongly contrasting lateroventral yellowish white vitta reaching apex of proboscis; whitish line overlaid with dark brown to black; apex of proboscis with small reddish spot ventrally. Clypeus brown, paler medially. Genae coloured, from ventral to dorsal margin, brown, yellowish white and dark brown, prolongating pattern of frons. Antennae short; scape short, ring-shaped, whitish; pedicel bulbous, dark brown, bearing many irregularly arranged rhinia. Labium brown, narrow, not reaching posterior trochanters; last segment longer than broad, shorter than penultimate.

Thorax: ( Fig. 8 A–B, D–E, H–K ) brown dorsally; sides with colour pattern prolongating that of frons. Pronotum with small yellowish dots (~7–8 each side, some obscure) and 2 weakly impressed points on disc near midline; short with anterior margin rounded, carinate, following contour of head; posterior margin weakly concave, weakly notched medially. Mesonotum longer than pronotum, with disc flat, and with obsolete median carina and obsolete oblique peridiscal carinae; scutellum yellowish. Tegulae dark brown.

Tegmina: ( Fig. 8 A–B, H–K ) elongate, coriaceous, distally pointed with small black marking at apex; slightly bulging near basocostal angle; hypocostal plate absent; in males: brown with a few irregular small yellowish markings; in females: brown with darker brown to black elongate fascia along costal margin; dorsal margin of fascia sinuate. Veins: ScP+R furcate near base; MP sometimes furcate near apex; CuA furcate at 2/3 of tegmen length; Pcu and A1 fused at about half-length of clavus; Pcu+A1 reaching apex of clavus; numerous crossveinlets.

Hindwings: ( Fig. 8 C ) brown with veins dark reddish brown; trilobed; Pcu-A1 lobe slightly wider than ScP-R-MP-Cu lobe; and Pcu single, anastomosing with A1 on a short distance; A2 not branched. ScP-R-MP-Cu lobe with 4 apical cells; anal area well developed.

Legs: ( Fig. 8 A–B, F–K ) elongate and slender; pro- and mesotibiae dorsoventrally flattened. Pro-, meso- and metacoxae dark brown. Pro- and mesofemora yellow-brown. Pro- and mesotibiae with narrow basal black ring followed by short yellow-brown portion, longer dark brown portion, subapical blackish ring and apex yellow-brown. All tarsi yellow-brown. Metafemora dark brown ( Fig. 8 F ). Metatibiae dark brown basally, turning to yellow-brown

19 towards apex; on distal half, 2 strong lateral spines with black apex; 8 apical spines with black apex. Metatarsi with basal segment with 2 strong and 2 small spines and a large pad of microsetae; second segment with spine on each side ( Fig. 8 G ). Metatibiotarsal formula: (2) 8/4/2.

Abdomen: ( Fig. 8 J ) uniform brown.

Genitalia ♂: ( Fig. 9 ) pygofer (Py) higher than long (in lateral view), anterior margin concave, posterior margin convex, smoothly narrowing on dorsal 1/4; posterior margin roundly emarginate in dorsal view ( Fig. 9 A–D ). Gonostyli (G) subtriangular in lateral view, elongate in ventral view, and convex; ventral margin slightly sinuate in lateral view; posterodorsal margin incurved in lateral view; apex rounded; capitulum of gonostyli (ca) with strong dorsoapical tooth directed anteriorly and apicolateral laminate process directed medially, ending in a tooth anteriorly ( Fig. 9 A–D ). Connective well developed, bearing elongate narrow apodeme ( Fig. 9 E, G–I ). Periandrium strongly upcurved basally, with dorsal lobe (dlp) laterally flattened and apically rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 9 E ), bilaterally symmetrical; strong lateral tooth (ltp) directed laterally ( Fig. 9 F–I ) and horn-shaped apical process (hap) incurving and abruptly narrowing before apex ( Fig. 9 E–I ). Ventral lobe of periandrium (vlp) lanceolate apically ( Fig. 9 F–G ). Aedeagus with dorsal tooth (dta) on each side apically and very long ventral hooks (vha) folded along ventral portion of periandrium ( Fig. 9 E–I ); base of hooks laminate (blh) laterally ( Fig. 9 G–I ). Anal tube (An) elongate, about 2.5 times longer in median line than broad, with lateral margin sinuate near base and apex rounded, smoothly narrowing from base of anal column (ac) to apex in dorsal view; underside slightly concave; anal column at basal third ( Fig. 9 A–B, D ).

BIOLOGY. The specimens were collected by sweeping grass and forest undergrowth plants in an area where the forest was severely impacted by illegal logging ( Fig. 10 ).

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Figures

Fig. 8. Vishnuloka bunonga sp. nov. A–G, holotype ♂. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, lateral view. C, right posterior wing. D, head, lateral view. E, frons, normal view. F, posterior leg, ventral view. G, apex of metatibia and tarsus, detail. H, paratype ♀, moderately contrasted, dorsal view. I–K, paratype ♀, strongly contrasted. I, habitus, dorsal view. J, habitus, ventral view. K, habitus, lateral view.

Fig. 9. Vishnuloka bunonga sp. nov., holotype ♂, terminalia. A–D, pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D, posterior view. E–I, aedeagus. E, lateral view. F, posteroventral view. G, ventral view. H, dorsal view. I, anterodorsal view. ac, anal column. – aae, apex of aedeagus. – An, anal tube. – blh, basolateral lamina of hook – bvh, base of ventral hooks of aedeagus. – ca, capitulum. – cv, connective. – dlp, dorsal lobe of periandrium. – dta, dorsal tooth of aedeagus. – G, gonostylus. – hap, horn-shaped apical process of periandrium. – ltp, lateral tooth of periandrium. – Py, pygofer. – vha, ventral hooks of aedeagus. – vlp, ventral lobe of periandrium.

Fig. 10. Vishnuloka bunonga sp. nov., habitat in Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary.