Goliathopsis lameyi Fairmaire, 1893

Xu, Hao & Qiu, Jian-Yue, 2020, Three new synonyms within the flower chafer genus Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China, Zootaxa 4789 (1), pp. 91-131 : 113-116

Goliathopsis lameyi Fairmaire, 1893

( Figs. 11 , 20 , 34–35 , 38–39 , 81–84 , 99–100 , 150–159 , 164 , 165–166 )

Goliathopsis lameyi Fairmaire, 1893a : VII (type locality: Ha-Lang, Tonkin [= Ha Lang, Cao Bang, Vietnam]); Fairmaire 1893b: 315; Fairmaire 1904: 90, plate IX, fig. 5 ♂; Schenkling 1921: 364; Mao 1937: 1096; Paulian 1961: 6, fig. 338, ♂; Ruter 1978: 287, fig. 4 (parameres); Antoine 1991: 9 (in key), plate I, fig. 4 (parameres), plate III, fig. 4 ♂; Sakai & Nagai 1998: 156 (S. China & Cao Bang, Vietnam), plate 2, fig. 41 ♂; Krajčík 1999: 39; Smetana 2006: 300 (SE. China); Krajčík 2011: 70; Krajčík 2012: 116; Bezděk 2016: 391 (SE. China).

Goliathopsis maolanus Yang, 1988: 10 (type locality: Maolan Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China), figs. 3a-3d ♂ (cephalic horn and parameres); Bezděk 2016: 391. New synonym.

Type material. The type series of Goliathopsis lameyi belongs to a batch of beetles collected from Ha-Lang in Haut- Tonkin, but Fairmaire (1893a) gave priority to describe this new Goliathopsis by a short diagnosis. The remaining beetles were described later the same year in a long report ( Fairmaire 1893b), including a detailed description for G. lameyi . The markings on the pronotum of this species were specified in this detailed description: four maculae on the disc and a short stria in the medium of the basal margin. It is confusing that these markings were not mentioned in the original description. This species was later illustrated by Fairmaire (1904): the four maculae on the pronotal disc were exactly shown in the figure of dorsal habitus, but the short stria absent ( Fig. 157 ); while the accompanied diagnosis and specimen information was the same as the original publication ( Fairmaire 1893a), except a few textual adjustments. Goliathopsis lameyi was originally described based on an uncertain number of specimens, but these inconsistent descriptions of the markings implied that Fairmaire examined more than one specimen, even though only a single measurement of the body length was given in these publications.

It is noteworthy that no conspecific specimens of G. lameyi were found in other European museums we visited, apart from the two males preserved in MNHN. One male ( Fig. 150 ) was previously regarded as a type specimen of G. lameyi , but its type status seems to be doubtful. Fairmaire usually attached a handwritten label to his type with species name, but the handwritten identification label of this male does not match his handwriting ( Fig. 154 ). Furthermore, “A. Lamey 1900” can be read on the date-locality label, but G. lameyi was named as early as in the year 1893. The reasonable explanation is that “A. Lamey 1900” is not the collecting data of this specimen, but is concerned with the original possessor of this private collection, Adolphe Lamey (1830–1907). As Fairmaire (1893b) mentioned, the beetles from Ha-Lang were actually collected by Captain L. Lamey (1859– 1946), nephew of Adolphe Lamey. There is a similar case on Valgus albiventris Fairmaire, 1893 . The type series of V. albiventris was collected by Paul Crampel (1864–1891) from Africa, while the lectotype designated by Antoine (1999) is a specimen attached a date-locality label with “A. Lamey 1907”. The dates appear to conflict because Crampel’s specimens were originally housed by A. Lamey until 1907 and then been transferred to MNHN ( Antoine 1999). Hence, this male Goliathopsis should be a syntype originally housed by A. Lamey, and later integrated into the collection of MNHN in 1900; that is why the letters “MUSEUM PARIS” were printed on the same label. Besides, the identifier (probably A. Lamey) wrote down “typique” on the identification label presumedly because the appearance of this male matches the original description: pronotum without the four maculae. The other male of G. lameyi in MNHN ( Fig. 155 ) attached an identification label of G. Ruter was collected from Tonkin, and the markings on its pronotum perfectly matched the detailed description in Fairmaire (1893b). Nevertheless, this male cannot be treated as a syntype due to no more evidence to verify its type status.

To preserve further uncertainty of nomenclature, the male (Figa. 150–154) in MNHN collected from the type locality is here designated as lectotype: MUSEUM PARIS, Tonkin-Nord., Hâ-Lang, A. Lamey, 1900 // 140// Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Bull., VII., 1893 // typique, Goliathopsis lameyi Fairm. , nov. sp. (Hâ Lâng) // 338 [white label] // JK 77 PHOTO [Jan Krikken photo in 1977] // HOLOTYPE [red label] // MNHN, EC7180 [white label].

Type series of Goliathopsis maolanus Yang, 1988 were lost ( Fig. 159 ), and the collecting data are transcribed as follows: ♂ (holotype), ♀ (allotype), Maolan Nature Reserve , Guizhou, alt. 600 m, 26.VI.1985, Jing-Hua Zhao, Qun Wang & Yan-Xian Liu leg. The date in the English abstract of the original publication is “ 26.V.1985 ” .

Other material examined (21♂♂, 5♀♀). CHINA: Guizhou: 1♂ ( MYNU), 2019.VI.12, Gengzao, Jia’ou , Libo County, 770 m, Lu QIU leg.; 5♂♂, 2♀♀ ( GFGY), 1985.V.22, Maolan, Libo, [Jing-Hua] ZHAO, [Qun] WANG & [Yan-Xian] LIU leg.; 4♂♂, 1♀ ( GFGY), 1985.V.26, Maolan, Libo, ZHAO, WANG &LIU leg.; 1♂ ( GFGY), 1988.V.26, Maolan, Libo, 540~ 700 m, ZHAO, WANG & LIU leg.; 1♀ ( GFGY), 1986.VIII.31, Maolan, Libo; 1♂ ( GFGY), 1988.V.26, Banzhai to Dongduo, Maolan, Libo, 540~ 700 m; 1♂ ( GFGY), 1990.V.14, Banzhai to Liming- guan, Maolan, Libo, 560~ 570 m ; Guangxi: 2♂♂ ( GXIP), 1985.VII.30, Nonggang Nature Reserve, Longzhou County, Tao ZENG leg.; 1♂ ( GXIP) , Guangxi, 1986; 1♂ ( SYAU), Yishan [ Yizhou of Hechi ], 21.IV.28 // Goliathop- sis velutinus Pouill. , det. Zhi-Liang ZHANG, 22.XII.1989 [misidentification] . VIETNAM: 1♂ ( MNHN), Tonkin // Goliathopsis lameyi Fairm., G. RUTER det. 19; 1♂ ( KSCJ), 1996.VI.25 , Cao Bang, N. Vietnam, M.Ito leg.; 1♂ ( KSCJ), 2000.IV.20, Border Yunnan , Ha Giang Prov. N. Vietnam; 1♂, 1♀ ( KSCJ), 2001.V, Border Yunnan, N.W. of Ha Giang Prov. N. Vietnam .

Diagnosis. Body length 11.0–12.0 mm; width 5.5–6.3 mm. Body black ( Figs. 81–84 ). Pronotum usually with four, small, light yellow, tomentose maculae, absent occasionally ( Fig. 150 ); midline usually absent, sometimes discontinuous ( Fig. 81 ). Elytron usually with two, large, light brown, tomentose maculae: one on the median portion of lateral declivity; the other one on the postdiscal areas near sutural costa, sometimes split up ( Fig. 150 ); few individuals with one small tomentose macula on lateral margin near anteapical umbone ( Figs. 99–100 ). Disc of elytron with drop shaped, setiferous punctures ( Fig. 11 ); setae long. Pygidium without tomentum, densely clad with rounded, setiferous punctures ( Figs. 34–35 ). Cephalic horns of male slightly constricted at base; inner sides with tomentum ( Fig. 20 ). Male genitalia large ( Figs. 38–39 ), proximal and distal parts of parameres distinctly expanded in apical view, medially constricted, apex reversed and sharp; parameres near flat in lateral view, basal piece distinctly expanded.

The species can be readily distinguished from other species by the four large tomentose maculae on the black elytra ( Figs. 81, 83 ).

Distribution. China: Guizhou, Guangxi (new record); N. Vietnam.

Remarks. Comparing with the dissected specimens of G. lameyi , the illustration of parameres of G. maolanus in its original publication ( Yang 1988, see Fig. 159 ) shows no distinct difference, and they seem to be the same species. While, Yang (1988) claimed that G. maolanus can be separate from G. lameyi by brown setae on the pronotum. Goliathopsis maolanus was originally described from Maolan Nature Reserve in Libo County, southern Guizhou, China, but no more specimens have been reported so far. As mentioned in the acknowledgment section of the original publication, the type specimens of G. maolanus were donated by Ms. Chun-Mei Liang who worked at GFGY. Following this clue, several conspecific specimens in GFGY were fortunately found, and some label data conform to the types of G. maolanus . Obviously, they were captured together from the type locality in 1985. By close examination of these specimens and other material of G. lameyi from Guangxi, China and northern Vietnam, all specimens are confirmed conspecific and the setae on dorsal surface are black. Consequently, G. maolanus is treated as a junior synonym of G. lameyi .

Figures

FIGURE 164. Known distribution of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species. Syncretic markers indicate identical or very close localities; type localities of the known species are marked, that of G. despectus (Westwood, 1873), G. cervus Janson, 1881, and G. esquiroli Pouillaude, 1913 are missing because the precise type localities are unknown.

FIGURES 1–12. Characters of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species. 1–4, mouthparts of Goliathopsis duponti Antoine, 1991: 1, epipharynx; 2, mandibles; 3, maxillae; 4, labium. 5–12, setiferous punctures on the disc of elytron: 5, G. cervus Janson, 1881; 6, G. despectus (Westwood, 1873), paralectotype of G. capreolus Gestro, 1888 in BMNH; 7, G. duponti Antoine, 1991; 8, G. esquiroli Pouillaude, 1913; 9, G. ferreroi Antoine, 1991; 10, G. gressitti Ruter, 1978; 11, G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893; 12, G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913.

FIGURES 13–21. Cephalic horns of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species (dorsal view). 13, G. cervus Janson, 1881; 14, G. despectus (Westwood, 1873), paralectotype of G. capreolus Gestro, 1888 in MNHN; 15, G. duponti Antoine, 1991; 16, G. es- quiroli Pouillaude, 1913; 17–18, G. ferreroi Antoine, 1991; 19, G. gressitti Ruter, 1978; 20, G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893; 21, G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913.

FIGURES 22–37. Pygidium of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species (male in left, female in right; posterior view). 22–23, G. cer- vus Janson, 1881; 24–25, G. despectus (Westwood, 1873), lectotype and paralectotype of G. capreolus Gestro, 1888 in MSNG; 26–27, G. duponti Antoine, 1991; 28–29, G. esquiroli Pouillaude, 1913; 30–31, G. ferreroi Antoine, 1991; 32–33, G. gressitti Ruter, 1978; 34–35, G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893; 36–37, G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913.

FIGURES 38–53. Male genitalia of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species (apical and lateral view). 38–39, G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893; 40–41, G. esquiroli Pouillaude, 1913; 42–43, G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913; 44–45, G. duponti Antoine, 1991; 46–47, G. ferreroi Antoine, 1991; 48–49, G. despectus (Westwood, 1873), paralectotype of G. capreolus Gestro, 1888 in MNHN; 50–51, G. gressitti Ruter, 1978; 52–53, G. cervus Janson, 1881.

FIGURES 81–84. Habitus of Goliathopsis lameyi Fairmaire, 1893 (dorsal and ventral view). 81–82, male; 83–84, female.

FIGURES 89–102. Habitus of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species (male in left, female in right; oblique view). 89–90, G. cervus Janson, 1881; 91–92, G. duponti Antoine, 1991; 93–94, G. esquiroli Pouillaude, 1913; 95–96, G. ferreroi Antoine, 1991; 97–98, G. gressitti Ruter, 1978; 99–100, G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893; 101–102, G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913.

FIGURES 150–159. Specimens of Goliathopsis lameyi Fairmaire, 1893. 150–154, male lectotype of G. lameyi Fairmaire in MNHN and labels (photograph by Antoine Mantilleri); 155–156, non-type male in MHNH from Tonkin and labels; 157–158, illustrations (habitus and horns) of G. lameyi (modified from Fairmaire 1904); 159, illustrations (habitus, horn, pygidium, and parameres) of the male holotype of G. maolanus Yang, 1988 (modified from Yang 1988).

FIGURES 165–168. Habitat of Goliathopsis Janson, 1881 species. 165–166, a living male of G. lameyi Fairmaire, 1893 from Gengzao, Jia’ou, Libo County, near the Maolan Nature Reserve (Guizhou, China; photograph by Lu Qiu); 167–168, a living male of G. velutinus Pouillaude, 1913 from Liuku, Lushui County, in the valley of Nujiang River (Yunnan, China).