Scorpiops pakseensis, Kovařík & Lowe & Stockmann & Šťáhlavský, 2020

Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Stockmann, Mark & Šťáhlavský, František, 2020, Revision of genus-group taxa in the family Scorpiopidae Kraepelin, 1905, with description of 15 new species (Arachnida Scorpiones), Euscorpius 325, pp. 1-140 : 77

Scorpiops pakseensis sp. n.

( Figures 153 , 174 , 186 , 513–561 , 799 , 809 , Tables 5, 9) http: //zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E1A4981C-

9921-4A11-A21B-0152CB744028

Euscorpiops / Scorpiops sp. 1 : Šťáhlavský et al., in press.

TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Laos, 70km SSE of Pakse, Xe Pian (15.15°N 106.25°E) ; FKCP.

TYPE MATERIAL ( FKCP). Laos, 70km SSE of Pakse, Xe Pian (15.15°N 106.25°E), mother XII.2018 , leg. V. Fura , 1♀ (paratype, 1648) and 1♂ (holotype 1828), male from litter of paratype, born 5. IV.2019, 1st ecdysis 10. IV.2019, 2nd ecdysis 25. V.2019, 3rd ecdysis 15.X.2019, and 4 th maturity ecdysis 6.I.2020, breeder F. Kovařík.

ETYMOLOGY. Named after the occurrence near Pakse city.

DIAGNOSIS (♂ ♀). Total length 34 mm (male) – 41 mm (female). Base color uniformly reddish brown to black. Legs and telson yellow to reddish brown. Pectine teeth number 6 in male and 4 in female, fulcra absent. Pectines with 2 marginal and 1–3 middle lamellae. Patella of pedipalp with 18 (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 5 et) external and 9 ventral trichobothria. Chela of pedipalp with 4 V series trichobothria located on ventral surface. Chelal trichobothrium Eb 3 located in middle of manus approximately at level as Dt. Fingers of pedipalps very slightly undulate in males, straight in female. Chela length to width ratio 3.2 in male, 2.9 in female. Pedipalp movable finger with ca. 25 IAD and ca. 50 MD which create two irregular parallel rows; there are also 2 basal ID and 11–12 OD present. Tarsomere II of legs with row of 5–9 stout median ventral spinules. Telson is sparsely granulate, more bulbous in male, length to depth ratio 2.7 in male and 2.9 in female; annular ring developed in both sexes, more in male.

DESCRIPTION (♂ ♀). Total length 34 (male) – 41 (female) mm. Habitus as shown in Figs. 513–516 . For position and distribution of trichobothria on pedipalps, see Figs. 527–532 . Sexual dimorphism: adult males have relatively larger pectines than females; pedipalp chela is more narrow in male; fingers of pedipalps are very slightly undulate in male and straight in female ( Figs. 534 and 526 ).

Coloration ( Figs. 513–516 , 558–561 ). Base color uniformly reddish black to black. Legs and telson are yellow to reddish brown, sternites lighter, yellowish to reddish brown. Chelicerae yellowish brown and reticulate, fingers reddish brown.

Carapace and mesosoma ( Figs. 513–516 , 542–545 ). Entire carapace covered with minute granules; carinae absent. Anterior margin of carapace with a deep median notch. Carapace with 3 pairs of lateral eyes of which two are normal and one is reduced. Mesosomafinely granulated, with one median carina developed. Tergite VII is pentacarinate. Sternites smooth with two parallel furrows except sternite VII which is finely granulated with two or four granulate carinae indicated. Pectine teeth number 6 in male and 4 in female. Pectines with 2 marginal and 1–3 middle lamellae; fulcra absent.

Metasoma and telson ( Figs. 517–524 ). Metasoma sparsely hirsute and granulated, with sparse, relatively large granules. Metasomal segment I with 10 carinae, II–IV with 8 carinae, and V with 5 carinae. Median lateral carinae of metasoma II and V indicated by isolated granules that may coalesce into carinae. Dorsolateral carinae of segments II–IV terminate posteriorly in a pronounced tooth. Telson elongate and granulate with annular ring developed in male and indicated in female.

Pedipalps ( Figs. 525–541 ). Pedipalps very sparsely hirsute. Patella with 18 (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 5 et) external and 9 ventral trichobothria. Chela with 4 V series trichobothria located on ventral surface. Femur and patella are finely granulated. Femur with 3–4 granulose carinae, and patella with 5 carinae with dorsal and ventral patellar spurs pronounced. Manus dorsally with fine reticulated, rounded granules, which in the central area form an irregular dorsal secondary carina. External surface of chela covered by minute granules, with an almost complete external secondary carina with larger sparse granules. Movable fingers with 25 IAD of different sizes (both smaller and larger than MD) in a row, parallel with MD (ca. 50 in number) and there are also 2 basal ID and 11–12 OD present.

Legs ( Figs. 546–549, 552–555 ). Tibia and tarsomeres of legs with several setae not arranged into bristle combs on dorsal surfaces but with rows of spinules on dorsolateral surfaces and on legs I – II also on ventrolateral surface. Tarsomere II of legs with row of 5–9 stout median ventral spinules and two pairs of flanking setae. Femur with 3–4 and patella 4–5 carinae; both femur and patella granulated.

Measurements. See Table 5.

AFFINITIES. The combination of four characters (chelal trichobothrium Eb 3 located in distal half of manus between trichobothria Dt and Est; patella of pedipalp with 9 ventral and 18 external trichobothria; fingers of pedipalps undulate in male; and pedipalp movable finger with ca. 25 IAD) is unique in the entire genus Scorpiops .

DISTRIBUTION. Laos ( Fig. 799 ).

Figures

Figure 186: Dentition of crown-like structures (cls) and distal posterior lobe (dpl) apex of 16 scorpiopids. Species are grouped according to four major clades resolved by DNA analysis (Šťáhlavský et al., in press). To highlight inconsistency of the trichobothrial classification with molecular phylogeny, previously described species are listed under genera (in quotes) where they were originally placed according to trichobothriotaxic characters of Soleglad & Fet (2001). Cited ranges of cls denticle counts for each species represent data from both left and right hemispermatophores extracted from all available specimens: N =1, except for “Alloscorpiops” wongpromi (N = 2), “A.” anthracinus (N = 2), Scorpiops thaomischi (N = 2), and “Euscorpiops” problematicus (N = 3). Data with N> 1 reveal intraspecific stability of cls dentition patterns, and intraspecific variability of dpl denticulation patterns. Right insets: convex (upper inset) and concave (lower inset) views of whole hemispermatophore of Scorpiops kautti sp. n. Anatomical structures and measurements are indicated. Scale bar: 2 mm.

Figure 799. Geographic distribution of the family Scorpiopidae. The map plots locality

Figures 149–163: Whole hemispermatophores of 15 scorpiopids. Convex (external) aspect of hemispermatophores of: Scorpiops oligotrichus (149), S. citadelle (150), S. sherwoodae sp. n. (151), S. montanus (152), S. pakseensis sp. n. (153), S. leptochirus (154), S. phatoensis sp. n. (155), S. schumacheri (156), S. wongpromi (157), S. kautti sp. n. (158), S. birulai sp. n. (159), S. anthracinus (160), S. thaomischi (161), S. dii sp. n. (162) and S. problematicus (163). Specimen numbers indicated. Scale bars: 2 mm (149–154, 157–161, 163), 1 mm (155–156, 162).

Figures 170–185: Hemispermatophore capsules of 16 scorpiopids. Convex aspect of capsules of: Scorpiops oligotrichus (170), S. citadelle (171), S. sherwoodae sp. n. (172), S. montanus (173), S. pakseensis sp. n. (174), S. leptochirus (175), S. phatoensis sp. n. (176), S. schumacheri (177), S. wongpromi (178), S. kautti sp. n. (179), S. krabiensis sp. n. (180), S. birulai sp. n. (181), S. anthracinus (182), S. thaomischi (183), S. dii sp. n. (184) and S. problematicus (185). Specimen number of S. krabiensis 1829, of others as indicated in Figs. 149–163. Scale bars: 400 μm (170–175, 178–185), 200 μm (176–177).

Figures 513–516: Scorpiops pakseensis sp. n. Figures 513–514. Male holotype in dorsal (513) and ventral (514) views. Figures 515–516. Female paratype in dorsal (515) and ventral (516) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 517–524: Scorpiops pakseensis sp. n. Figures 517, 522–524. Male holotype, telson lateral (517), and metasoma and telson lateral (522), dorsal (523), and ventral (524) views. Figures 518–521. Female paratype, telson lateral (518), and metasoma and telson lateral (519), dorsal (520), and ventral (521) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (519–524).

Figures 525–541: Scorpiops pakseensis sp. n., pedipalp segments. Figures 525–532. Female paratype, chela dorsal (525, 527), external (526, 528) and ventral (529) views. Patella dorsal (530), external (531) and ventral (532) views. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles (527–532). Figures 533–541. Male holotype, chela dorsal (533), external (534) and ventral (535) views. Patella dorsal (536), external (537) and ventral (538) views. Trochanter and femur dorsal (539) and ventral (540) views. Movable finger (541) dentition under UV light.

Figures 542–557: Scorpiops pakseensis sp. n. Figures 542–543, 546–551. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–III (542), coxosternal area and sternites (543), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (546–549 respectively), and right chelicera in dorsal (550) and ventral (551) views. Figures 544–545, 552–557. Female paratype, carapace and tergites I–III (544), coxosternal area and sternites III–IV (545), right legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (552–555 respectively), and left chelicera in dorsal (556) and ventral (557) views.

Figures 558–559. Scorpiops pakseensis sp. n., male holotype (558) and female paratype (559) in vivo habitus.

Figures 560–561. Scorpiops pakseensis sp. n., female paratype, with newborns (560) and juveniles after first ecdyis (561). One of these juveniles is male holotype.

Figures 808–815: Male karyotypes of scorpiopid species based on postpachytene. Figure 808. Scorpiops oligotrichus (2n=105, 51II+III). Figure 809. Scorpiops pakseensis sp. n. (2n=87, 42II+III). Figure 810. Scorpiops phatoensis sp. n. (2n=105, 51II+III). Figure 811. Scorpiops problematicus (2n=97, 47II+III). Figure 812. Scorpiops schumacheri sp. n. (2n=63, 60II+III). Figure 813. Scorpiops sherwoodae sp. n. (2n=104, 52II). Figure 814. Scorpiops thailandus sp. n. (2n=147, 72II+III). Figure 815. Scorpiops thaomischi (2n=94, 47II). Insets show the location of 18S rDNA (red signal) on the same chromosome as in the karyogram (ppach) and additionally on chromosomes during pachytene (pach) or metaphase II (met II). Abbreviation of postpachytene configuration: II – bivalent, III – trivalent. Scale bar: 10 μm.