Parastephanellus Enderlein, 1906

Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Tan, Qing-Qing, Zhou, Tong & Li, Tao, 2018, Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) revisited, with description of two new species from China, Zootaxa 4459 (2), pp. 327-349 : 328

Parastephanellus Enderlein, 1906

Figs 1–99

Parastephanus Enderlein, 1905: 474 (not Haeckel, 1881). Type species (by original designation): Stephanus pygmaeus Enderlein, 1901 .

Parastephanellus Enderlein, 1906: 301 (renamed because of homonymy); Aguiar 2004: 64 –72 (catalogue; references); van Achterberg & Quicke 2006: 219 –221; Aguiar & Jennings 2007: 15 -24 (suggest origin of the genus); Hong et al. 2011: 36 – 43 (revision China); Kim & Lee 2012: 174 –177; Chen et al. 2016a: 119 –122. Type species (by original designation): Stephanus pygmaeus Enderlein, 1901 .

Diagnosis. Temple with ivory or pale yellowish streak along eye ( Figs 9 , 17 , 26 , 29 , 42 , 57 ); occipital carina ventrally parallel to hypostomal carina ( Fig. 46 ); neck short and comparatively robust, without pronotal fold or distinct transverse carinae medially ( Figs 4, 5 , 13 , 36 , 47 ); vein 2-CU1 of fore wing completely developed; veins 2- SR and 2-SR+M of fore wing present, but sometimes unsclerotized and only pigmented; vein 1-SR of fore wing straight and more or less angled with vein 1-M ( Figs 3 , 35 , 62 ); hind coxa partly flattened dorso-laterally ( Fig. 65 ); outer side of hind tibia with distinct oblique striae or carinae ventrally, rarely without striae or ventral carina ( Figs 14 , 23 , 50 , 61 , 77 ); ovipositor sheath entirely black or dark brown, 1.8–2.9 × as long as fore wing and 0.9–1.8 × as long as body ( Figs 43 , 70 ); males with cylindrical pygidial process ( Figs 58 , 86 ), but absent in females (replaced by a more or less excavated and partly depressed pygidial area: Figs 54 , 66 , 95 ).

Distribution. Australasian, Oriental and Palaearctic. The distribution of Chinese species is illustrated in Fig. 100 .

Figures

FIGURE 100. Zoogeographical map illustrating Parastephanellus spp. recorded from China. Map from: http:// blogs.discovermagazine.com.

FIGURES 1–2. Wing venation nomenclature (1) and measurements of hind coxa (2); pt = pterostigma.

FIGURES 3–10. Parastephanellus angulatus Hong et al., ♀, holotype. 3, fore wing; 4, pronotum, lateral aspect; 5, pronotum, dorsal aspect; 6, pygidial area, dorsal aspect; 7, head, anterior aspect; 8, head, dorsal aspect; 9, head, lateral aspect; 10, hind coxa, dorsal aspect. From: Hong et al. (2011).

FIGURES 11–17. Parastephanellus austrochinensis Belokobylskij, ♀, China (Guangxi). 11, fore wing; 12, pronotum, lateral aspect; 13, pronotum, dorsal aspect; 14, hind leg, lateral aspect; 15, head, anterior aspect; 16, head, dorsal aspect; 17, head, lateral aspect. From: Hong et al. (2011).

FIGURES 18–26. Parastephanellus brevicoxalis Hong et al., ♀, holotype. 18, fore wing; 19, pronotum, lateral aspect; 20, pronotum, dorsal aspect; 21, hind coxa, dorso-lateral aspect; 22, pygidial area at apex of metasoma, dorsal aspect; 23, hind femur and tibia, lateral aspect; 24, head, anterior aspect; 25, head, dorsal aspect; 26, head, lateral aspect. From: Hong et al. (2011).

FIGURE 27. Parastephanellus brevicoxalis Hong et al., ♂, China (Liaoning), habitus, lateral aspect.

FIGURES 28–34. Parastephanellus brevicoxalis Hong et al., ♂, China (Liaoning). 28, wings; 29, head, lateral aspect; 30, first metasomal tergite, dorsal aspect; 31, hind coxa, dorso-lateral aspect; 32, head, anterior aspect; 33, head, dorsal aspect; 34, hind leg, lateral aspect.

FIGURES 35–42. Parastephanellus brevistigma Enderlein, ♂, holotype. 35, fore wing; 36, pronotum, lateral aspect; 37, pronotum, dorsal aspect; 38, hind coxa, latero-dorsal aspect; 39, hind coxa, dorsal aspect; 40, head, anterior aspect; 41, head, dorsal aspect; 42, head, lateral aspect. From: Hong et al. (2011).

FIGURES 43-44. Parastephanellus evexus sp. n., ♀, holotype. 43, habitus, lateral aspect; 44, first metasomal tergite, dorsal aspect.

FIGURES 45–54. Parastephanellus evexus sp. n., ♀, holotype. 45, wings; 46, head, lateral aspect; 47, mesosoma, lateral aspect; 48, mesosoma, dorsal aspect; 49, hind coxa, dorso-lateral aspect; 50, hind leg, lateral aspect; 51, base of antenna; 52, head, anterior aspect; 53, head, dorsal aspect; 54, pygidial area at apex of metasoma, dorsal aspect.

FIGURE 55. Parastephanellus evexus sp. n., ♂, topotypic paratype, habitus, lateral aspect.

FIGURES 56–61. Parastephanellus evexus sp. n., ♂, topotypic paratype. 56, wings; 57, head, lateral aspect; 58, genitalia and pygidial process, dorsal aspect; 59, head, anterior aspect; 60, head, dorsal aspect; 61, hind leg, lateral aspect.

FIGURES 62–69. Parastephanellus matsumotoi van Achterberg, ♀, paratype. 62, fore wing; 63, pronotum, lateral aspect; 64, pronotum, dorsal aspect; 65, hind coxa, dorso-lateral aspect; 66, pygidial area at apex of metasoma, dorsal aspect; 67, head, anterior aspect; 68, head, dorsal aspect; 69, head, lateral aspect. From: Hong et al. (2011).

FIGURES 70, 71. Parastephanellus yixiwui sp. n., ♀, holotype. 70, habitus, lateral aspect; 71, pygidial area at apex of metasoma, dorsal aspect.

FIGURES 72–81. Parastephanellus yixiwui sp. n., ♀, holotype. 72, wings; 73, mesosoma, lateral aspect; 74, mesosoma, dorsal aspect; 75, first metasomal tergite, dorsal aspect; 76, hind coxa, dorso-lateral aspect; 77, hind leg, lateral aspect; 78, head, anterior aspect; 79, head, dorsal aspect; 80, head, lateral aspect; 81, base of antenna.

FIGURE 82–84. Parastephanellus yixiwui sp. n., habitus. 82, ♂, paratype, lateral aspect; 84, ibid. dorsal view; 83, ♀, holotype, dorsal view.

FIGURES 85–91. Parastephanellus yixiwui sp. n., ♂, paratype. 85, head, lateral aspect; 86, genitalia and pygidial process, dorsal aspect; 87, genitalia, ventral aspect; 88, head, anterior aspect; 89, head, dorsal aspect; 90, hind leg, lateral aspect; 91, base of antenna.

FIGURES 92–99. Parastephanellus zhejiangensis Hong et al., ♀, holotype. 92, fore wing; 93, pronotum, lateral aspect; 94, pronotum, dorsal aspect; 95, pygidial area at apex of metasoma, dorsal aspect; 96, hind coxa, dorso-lateral aspect; 97, head, anterior aspect; 98, head, dorsal aspect; 99, head, lateral aspect. From: Hong et al. (2011).