Mycomystes peruvianus ( Kirsch, 1876 ) Pecci-Maddalena & Skelley & Lopes-Andrade, 2021

Pecci-Maddalena, Italo S. C., Skelley, Paul & Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, 2021, Taxonomic review of Mycomystes Gorham, 1888 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini), Journal of Natural History 54 (47 - 48), pp. 3075-3102 : 3095-3097

Mycomystes peruvianus ( Kirsch, 1876) , new combination

Figures 52–54 , 55

Mycophtorus peruvianus Kirsch, 1876: 101 [description]. Gemminger and Harold 1876: 3695; Kuhnt 1909: 89; Kuhnt 1911: 66; Mader 1942: 176; Mader 1951: 224; Blackwelder 1945: 468; Alvarenga 1994: 41; McHugh and Chaboo 2015: 278; Skelley and Powell 2018: 305.

Mycotretus peruvianus ( Kirsch, 1876) . Skelley and Powell 2018: 305 [generic transference to Mycotretus ]; Pecci-Maddalena and Lopes-Andrade 2020: 579.

Holotype ( SNSD; Figures 52–54 )

‘Pozuzu, M. Kirsch [pale green paper, printed]\Typus [red paper, printed]\Mycophthorus peruvianus Kirsch Typus! [white paper, handwritten]\Staatl.Museum für Tierkunde Dresden [white paper, printed]\ HOLOTYPUS [red paper, printed]\ Mycotretus peruvianus (Kirsch) , det. P. Skelley 2012 [white paper]’.

Other specimens examined (13)

1 female ( FSCA, dissected) ‘ PERU, Madre de Dios, Tambopata Res . Zone, Tambopata Research, CnTr on Rio Tambopata [printed]\ S13 08 . 305, W69 36 . 502, 622 ft (3–7)- X-2004, CRBartlett Malaise Trap [printed]’; 1 male ( FSCA, dissected) ‘ PERU: Dept . Madre de Dios: Pantiacolla Lodge , Alto Madre de Dios R ., 12°39.3 ʹ S 71°13.9 ʹ W, 420 m, 14–19-XI -2007, D. Brzoska , ex . flight intercept trap, PER1B07 004 [printed]\SEMC0874169, KUNHM- ENT [printed]\ Mycotretus peruvianus (Kirsch) det . P . Skelley’ 16’ [printed] ”. 1 male, 1 female, 5 gender not determined ( FSCA, dissected) ‘ BOLIVIA: Dpto . Sta . Cruz , 5 km .SSE. Buena Vista, Hotel Flora y Fauna , 440 m, Forest FIT; S 17°29.925 W 63° 39.128; 440 m; Forest FIT; 15.24- XII-2003; S . & J. Peck ; 03–131’; 4 ( FSCA) ‘ BOLIVIA: Dpto . Sta . Cruz , 5 km .SSE. Buena Vista, Hotel Flora y Fauna , 440 m, Forest FIT; S 17°29.925 W 63° 39.128; 440 m; Forest FIT; 24/ 31-XII-2003; S . & J. Peck ; 03–132 ’;

Diagnosis

Body shape rounded, small, length 2.8 mm, width 1.8 mm. Body oblong, convex, weakly glossy, finely and evenly punctate; colouration brown with paler margins and appendages. Clypeus with a marginal bead fine and complete across apex. Additional characters: Metendosternite: anterior tendons thin. Genitalia: Penile flagellum elongate, approximately 2× the length of penis. Head of penile flagellum small, not very dark and with a single short anterior process that is upturned (similar to the ‘tip of an arrow’ in dorsal view). Vaginal process inconspicuous.

Distribution

Bolivia, Peru ( Alvarenga 1994; Skelley and Powell 2018) ( Figure 55 ).

Nomenclature

Mycomystes peruvianus was described in the genus Mycophtorus Lacordaire (1842) . Later, it was redescribed and provisionally placed under Mycotretus by Skelley and Powell (2018). In the redefinition of Mycomystes proposed here, the species is transferred to Mycomystes due to the following features: presence of a subptengonal mentum with a nearly rounded outline; body oval, almost circular; apical maxillary palpomere semicircular and approximately 5× wider than apical labial palps; and abdominal lines conspicuous.

Key to species of Mycomystes

1. Body oval to almost circular (i.e. elytral outline conspicuously arched at the 1/2 of elytra) (e.g. Figure 19–33 ); tibiae not or barely widened apically ( Figure 8 ) ...................................... 2 – Body elongate (elytral outline arched at the 2/3 of elytra) (e.g. Figure 34 , 42–43 ); tibiae widened apically ( Figure 9 ) ............................................................................................................. 5

2 (1). Dorsal colouration brown with paler margins and appendages. Mesoventrite broadly rectangular, approximately 4× as wide as long, coarsely punctate. Male genitalia with flagellar head small, with a single short anterior process that is upturned (similar to the ‘tip of an arrow’ in dorsal view). Bolivia, Peru ( Figure 52–54 ) ................................................... ................................................................................................ Mycomystes peruvianus ( Kirsch, 1876) – Dorsal colouration yellowish to red-brown, often with distinct black pattern.

Mesoventrite approximately 1.5–2.0× as wide as long, usually finely punctate; flagellar head large ........................................................................................................................................ 3

3 (2). Body oval. Dorsal colouration highly variable: head full yellowish to full blackish; pronotum full blackish or usually with two or three yellowish oval spots; elytra full reddish or reddish and apically blackish ( Figure 19–27 ). Male genitalia with flagellar head subrectangular ( Figure 13 ), narrowed or slightly subtriangular, i.e. narrowed posteriorly and widened apically, with the lateral borders gently rounded close to anterior border. Southeast Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela........ Mycomystes apicalis ( Lacordaire, 1842) – Body almost circular and shortened. Dorsal colouration yellowish to reddish brown.

Flagellar head fish-like, conspicuously triangular, horseshoe-shaped, with a short anterior process, etc. .......................................................................................................................... 4

4 (3). Colour pattern full yellowish to reddish-brown, tarsi with the same colour of the body. North and Southeast Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Panama ( Figures 28–33 ) ..................................... ..................................... Mycomystes coccineus ( Lacordaire, 1842) – Colour pattern as the previous species, tarsi blackish. Mexico ( Figure 38–39 ) .................

...................................................................................... Mycomystes fuscitarsis ( Gorham, 1888)

5 (1). Posterior apex of prosternal process, mesoventrite, metaventrite and legs blackish ( Figure 50 ). Male genitalia with head of penile flagellum horseshoe-shaped, inner contours widely separated, anterior borders shallowly fused medially ( Figure 16 ). South and Southeast Brazil Mycomystes nigriventris Pecci-Maddalena and Lopes-Andrade, 2020 – Ventral colouration full yellowish to reddish-brown. Male genitalia with head of penile flagellum not horseshoe-shaped ( Figure 15 ). ............................................................. 6

6 (5). Protibiae with outer apical angle rounded; elytral punctation uniformly longitudinal. From Central America to Argentina ( Figure 40, 42–45, 47 ) ............................................................... ....................................................................... Mycomystes melanophthalmus ( Duponchel, 1825) – Protibiae with outer apical angle sharply pointed; elytral punctation slightly irregular and confluent at disc. Mexico ( Figure 34 ) Mycomystes ferrugineus Gorham, 1888

Figures

Figure 55. Geographical distribution of species of Mycomystes Gorham, 1888. Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842), Mycomystes coccineus (Lacordaire, 1842), (Diamond) Mycomystes melanophthalmus (Duponchel, 1825), Mycomystes nigriventris Pecci-Maddalena and Lopes-Andrade, 2020 and Mycomystes peruvianus (Kirsch, 1876).

Figure 49-54. Holotypes of (49–51) Mycomystes nigriventris Pecci-Maddalena and Lopes-Andrade, 2020 (DZUP) and (52–54) M. peruvianus (Kirsch, 1876) (SNSD). Scale bars: 1 mm (49–50); 0.5 mm (51).

Figures 19-27. Specimens of Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842): (19–21) Lectotype (MNHN) of Mycotretus apicalis, here transferred to Mycomystes. (22) Mycotretus corallipennis Crotch, 1876, new synonym, lectotype (UMZC). (23) Mycotretus gemmula Lacordaire, 1842, new synonym, lectotype (MNHN). (24) Mycotretus gentilis Lacordaire, 1842, new synonym, lectotype (MNHN). (25) Mycotretus nigroterminatus Lacordaire, 1842, new synonym, lectotype (MNHN). (26) Mycotretus pulicarius Lacordaire, 1842, new synonym, lectotype (MNHN). (27) Mycotretus coccinelloides Taschenberg, 1870, new synonym, lectotype (ZNS). Scale bars: 1 mm (19, 21–26); 0.5 mm (20).

Figures 28-33. Specimens of Mycomystes coccineus (Lacordaire, 1842): (28–29) Male specimen from Santa Catarina (Brazil) (MNRJ). (30) Female from Peru (FSCA). (31) Specimen from the Crotch collection (UMZC). (32) Topotype (from Cayenne) of Mycotretus unicolour Fauvel, 1860, new synonym (RBINS). (33) Lectotype of Mycotretus sanguinosus Crotch, 1876, new synonym (Crotch collection, UMZC). Scale bars: 1 mm (31–33); 0.5 mm (28–29).

Figures 1-12. Generic diagnostic characters of Mycomystes Gorham, 1888: (1) Head of M. peruvianus (Kirsch, 1876), arrow showing the complete clypeal marginal bead. (2) Subgenal braces of M. coccineus (Lacordaire, 1842), arrow showing the inner carina. (3) Partial view of the mouthparts of M. coccineus, big arrows showing the apical maxillary palpomeres and small arrow showing an apical labial palp. (4) Right mandible of M. nigriventris Pecci-Maddalena and Lopes-Andrade,2020, arrow showing the teeth. (5–6) Mentum plate of M. coccineus and M. melanophthalmus (Duponchel, 1825), respectively. (7) Partial view of the pronotum and elytra of M. apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842), arrows showing the basal elytral marginal bead. (8–9) Mesotibia of M. apicalis and M. melanophthalmus, respectively. (10–11) Metendosternite of M. melanophthalmus and of a male of M. coccineus, respectively,arrow in Figure 10 showing the anterior tendon. (12) Abdomen of M. peruvianus, arrows showing the coxal lines. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (2, 4–6, 10–11); 0.25 mm (8–9); 0.5 mm (3, 7).

Figures 34-39. Specimens of Mycomystes ferrugineus Gorham, 1888 and M. fuscitarsis (Lacordaire, 1842): (34–35) Lectotype of Mycomystes ferrugineus (BMNH) and its labels. (36–37) Lectotype of Mycotretus fuscitarsis (MRSN), here transferred to Mycomystes, and its labels. (38–39) Female M. fuscitarsis from Mexico (MNRJ). Scale bars: 1 mm (36); 0.5 (38–39).

Figure 40-48. Specimens of Mycomystes melanophthalmus (Duponchel, 1825): (40–41) Lectotype of Erotylus melanophthalmus Duponchel, 1825 (MRSN) and its labels. (42–43) Male from Rio Grande do Sul (South Brazil) (MCNZ). (44) Head of a specimen from the Araucárias Reserve (Paraná, Brazil (FSCA). (45–46) Lectotype of Erotylus (Brachymerus) cinctellus Guérin-Méneville,1841, new synonym (MNHN). (47–48) Lectotype of Mycotretus discoidalis Taschenberg,1870, new synonym (ZNS). Scale bars: 1 mm (40, 45); 0.5 mm (42–43).

Figures 13-18. Genitalia of Mycomystes Gorham, 1888: (13–16) Male flagellar head of M. apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842), M. coccineus (Lacordaire, 1842), M. melanophthalmus (Duponchel, 1825), M. nigriventris Pecci-Maddalena and Lopes-Andrade, 2020, respectively. (17–18) Female genitalia of M. nigriventris and M. coccineus, respectively, arrows showing the vaginal process. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (13–17).