HELIOSATURNALOIDEA

Suzuki, Noritoshi, Caulet, Jean-Pierre & Dumitrica, Paulian, 2021, A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts, Geodiversitas 43 (15), pp. 405-573 : 466-467

Superfamily HELIOSATURNALOIDEA

Kozur & Mostler, 1972 n. stat.

Heliosaturnalinae Kozur & Mostler, 1972: 27 [as a subfamily].

Saturnalicaea [sic] Kozur & Mostler, 1990: 182-187 [nomen dubium, as a superfamily of Spumellaria ].

Saturnaliacea [sic] – Dumitrica et al. 2010: 285, 287 [as a superfamily of Entactinaria , nomen dubium] (= Saturnaloidea).

Saturnaloidea – Dumitrica & Zügel 2008: 59 [nomen dubium, in Entactinaria ].

Saturnalata [pars] – Afanasieva & Amon in Afanasieva et al. 2005: S279 [as an order of Class Spumellaria ]. — Afanasieva & Amon 2006: 118 [as an order].

DIAGNOSIS. — This superfamily includes the Axoprunidae and Saturnulidae Suzuki , n. fam. (not Saturnalidae ) in the Cenozoic. Skeleton formed by a spherical shell or spongy spherical shell with a heteropolar microsphere and a ring directly connected to the shell by polar spines. The heteropolar microsphere resembles a sack-like formation and was named “microbursa” ( Dumitrica et al. 2010: 285). Virtually, the microbursa is divided by polar beams (P) into an apical side (upper side) and an antapical side (lower hemisphere). The apical side of the microbursa is constructed by MB and consists of four polygonal pores (coded as LG when parallel to MB and as TG when vertical to MB) whose frames are assembled by four basal bars from MB. The antapical side displays a tetrapetaloid structure. P is oriented in an orthogonal direction to MB and is adjoined to the antapical side of the microsphere. The microbursa is covered by an outer spherical medullary shell or a spherically arranged coarse frame. Both spheres are connected with four apical bars from the apical side of the microbursa and other short bars from the antapical side. Outside these two spheres, a single ring of variable type (densely concentric convex lens-shaped shell, or cortical shell) is developed. However, no ornaments on polar beams are present for the Axoprunidae . Several connecting bars are visible between the ring and the inner structures in some members, but the only Ps are directly connected to the ring. Polar beams are never bladed.

REMARKS

As Saturnalis is a nomen dubium without an illustrated type specimen, it is impossible to retain the name “Saturnaloidea.” for the superfamily rank. The “Saturnaloidea” is subdivided into four families, namely the Saturnulidae Suzuki , n. fam. (synonym of “ Saturnalidae Deflandre, 1953 ”), Heliosaturnalidae Kozur & Mostler, 1972 , Hexasturnalidae Kozur & Mostler, 1983, and Axoprunidae Dumitrica, 1985 ( Dumitrica & Zügel 2008; Dumitrica et al. 2010). Thus, the superfamily name must be replaced for the senior family name Heliosaturnalidae Kozur & Mostler, 1972 . The concept of Heliosaturnaloidea has been subject of discussion among Mesozoic specialists ( Dumitrica et al. 2010: 285, 287).