Allotrichoma tskarishdidae, Stuke, 2022

Stuke, J. H., 2022, Faunistic and taxonomic remarks on European Allotrichoma Becker, 1896 (Diptera: Ephydridae) with the description of a new species from Georgia, Russian Entomological Journal 31 (3), pp. 297-311 : 306

KEY: EUROPEAN SPECIES OF ALLOTRICHOMA (♂ ONLY)

1. Face only shallowly convex and without a tubercle; sternite 5 without distinct process but with a pair of triangular extensions only and base of sternite 5 with long posteriorly directed setae ( Figs 19, 24); surstylus and epandrium completely fused ( Figs 7 , 12 ), surstylus not distinct but probably marked by a row of ventrally directed setulae ( Figs 7 , 12 ); cercus apically with medial margin straight and lateral margin concave ( Figs 7 , 12 ) ....................... 2

— Face with tubercle; sternite 5 with distinct process ( Figs 13–6, 8–11 ), base of sternite 5 without long seta; surstylus fused with epandrium only basally ( Figs 1–6, 8–11 ); shape of cercus different ( Figs 1–6, 8–11 ) .................. 3

2. Cercus apically with 2 obvious setae and apically with ventrally directed setae ( Fig. 12 ) ....... tskarishdidae sp.n.

— Cercus apically with 4–5 obvious setae and subapically with ventrally directed setae ( Fig. 7 ) ............................. ............................................. quadripectinatum (Becker)

3. Protruding cercus convex to straight, apically not widened and beside few setulae basally only apically with less than 5 short setae ( Figs 3 , 10–11 ); process of sternite 5 broad and with a pair of ventrally directed, lateral plates and without lateral arms ( Figs 15, 22–23) ................... 4

— Protruding cercus different: it may be broad, may be apically widened and may be obviously setulose all over and with dense apical setae ( Figs 1–2, 4 , 6, 8– 9 ); process of sternite 5 without lateral plates, and with lateral arms ( Figs 13 –14,16, 18, 20–21) .......................................... 6

4. Maximumdistanceofprotrudingcerciatmaximumslightly longer than width of epandrium ( Fig. 10 ); process of sternite 5 less protruding, setulose tip longer, slightly concave and with several setae in front of lateral plate ( Fig. 22) ..................................................... strandi Duda

— Maximum distance of protruding cerci distinctly longer than wide of epandrium ( Figs 3 , 11 ); process of sternite 5 more protruding, setulose tip shorter, convex and with only few setae in front of lateral plate ( Figs 15, 23) .............. 5

5. Protruding cercus curved in more than the basal half and therefore apically both cerci close together ( Fig. 11 ); base of protruding cercus only slightly broader than its apex ( Fig. 11 ); tip of protruding cercus slightly enlarged and with 3–5 setae almost as strong as those at the base of protruding cercus ( Fig. 11 ); dorsal surface of process of sternite 5 almost straight ( Fig. 23) ........ trispinum Becker

— Protruding cercus straight in apical half and therefore distinctly separated apically ( Fig. 3 ); base of protruding cercus distinctly broader than its apex ( Fig. 3 ); tip of protruding cercus not enlarged and with 1–3 setae that are much smaller than those setae at the base of protruding cercus ( Fig. 3 ); dorsal surface of process of sternite 5 distinctly convex ( Fig. 15) ................... filiforme Becker

6. Process of sternite 5 with two lateral arms and without a central arm ( Figs 16, 21) .............................................. 7

— Process of sternite 5 with two lateral arms and with a central arm ( Figs 13–14, 17–18, 20) ............................ 8

7. Protruding cercus all over with several irregularly arranged setae ( Fig. 4 ), apically about as high as basally ( Fig. 4 ), and its medial margin only slightly concave ( Fig. 4 ); lateral arms of process of sternite 5 slightly s-shaped ( Fig. 16) ................................................. laterale (Loew)

— Base of protruding cercus with 4–5 regularly arranged setae and only its tip with several long setae ( Fig. 9 ), apically much higher than basally ( Fig. 9 ), and its medial margin obviously concave ( Fig. 9 ); lateral arms of process of sternite 5 straight ( Fig. 21) .......... sicanum Canzoneri

8. Cercus apically obviously widened horizontally ( Fig. 8 ) or vertically ( Fig. 2 ) ...................................................... 9

— Cercus apically at maximum slightly widened ( Figs 1 , 5, 6 ) ................................................................................. 10

9. Widening of cercus vertically, visible in lateral view ( Fig. 2 ); tip of protruding cercus with setae less than half as long as protruding cercus ( Fig. 2 ); protruding cercus with setulae in apical half only ( Fig. 2 ); process of sternite 5 with one central and two lateral arms of about the same length ( Fig. 14) ......................................... bifidum Papp

— Widening of cercus horizontally, visible in dorsal view ( Fig. 8 ); tip of protruding cercus with longest setae longer than protruding cercus ( Fig. 8 ); protruding cercus with dorsal setulae at its whole length ( Fig. 8 ); process of sternite 5 with two lateral arms and a very short central arm ( Fig. 20) ........................................ schumanni Papp

10. Protruding cercus almost straight with a subapical shoul- der at its inner margin ( Fig. 1 ); protruding cercus with several long, curled setae, the longest of these setae almost as long as protruding cercus ( Fig. 1 ); process of sternite 5 with two lateral arms and a very short central arm ( Fig. 13) ............................................. bezzii Becker

— Protruding cercus curved or if straight without a subapical shoulder at its inner margin ( Figs 5–6 ); protruding cercus at maximum with long apical setae that are almost straight ( Figs 5– 6 ); process of sternite 5 with two lateral arms and with a long central arm ( Figs 17–18). ........................ 11

11. Protruding cercus with 2 anterior directed subapical long setae and no inward directed strong apical seta ( Fig. 5 ); central arm of process of sternite 5 with several strong setae at its whole length ( Fig. 17). ............. leotoni Vitte

— Protruding cercus with 1 forward directed apical long seta and 4–5 inward directed strong apical setae ( Fig. 6 ); central arm of process of sternite 5 with 3 strong apical setae ( Fig. 18). .............. picenum Canzoneri et Rampini

Acknowledgements. Gerhard Bächli (Zürich) and Michael von Tschirnhaus (Bielefeld) kindly sent me important material of Allotrichoma . Jenny Pohl (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin) and Marco Uliana ( Museo di Storia Naturale Venezia ) helped with the loans of type material. Neal Evenhuis (Bishop Museum Honululu) discussed questions about nomenclature. Martin Ebejer (Cowbridge, UK) checked the English of an earlier version of this manuscript .

Figures

Figs 5–8. Epandrium, cercus, surstylus of European Allotrichoma, dorsal view (above) and lateral view (below): 5 — leotoni Vitte, 1992; 6 — picenum Canzoneri, Rampini, 1990; 7 — quadripectinatum (Becker, 1903); 8 — schumanni Papp, 1974; suep — surstylus-epandrium complex. Рис. 5—8. Эпандрий, церки и сурстили европейских видов Allotrichoma, сверху (верхний рис.) и сбоку (ниЖний рис.): 5 — leotoni Vitte, 1992; 6 — picenum Canzoneri, Rampini, 1990; 7 — quadripectinatum (Becker, 1903); 8 — schumanni Papp, 1974; suep — комплекс Эпандрий + сурстиль.

Figs 9–12. Epandrium, cercus, surstylus of European Allotrichoma, dorsal view (above) and lateral view (below): 9 — sicanum Canzoneri, 1980; 10 — strandi Duda, 1942; 11 — trispinum Becker, 1896; 12 — tskarishdidae sp.n. Рис. 1—12. Эпандрий, церки и сурстили европейских видов Allotrichoma, сверху (верхний рис.) и сбоку(ниЖний рис.): 9 — sicanum Canzoneri, 1980; 10 — strandi Duda, 1942; 11 — trispinum Becker, 1896; 12 — tskarishdidae sp.n.

Figs 1–4. Epandrium, cercus, surstylus of European Allotrichoma, dorsal view (above) and lateral view (below): 1 — bezzii Becker, 1896; 2 — bifidum Papp, 1974; 3 — filiforme Becker, 1896; 4 — laterale (Loew, 1860); ce — cercus; ep — epandrium; pce — protruding part of cercus; su — surstylus. Рис. 1—12. Эпандрий, церки и сурстили европейских видов Allotrichoma, сверху (верхний рис.) и сбоку (ниЖний рис.): 1 — bezzii Becker, 1896; 2 — bifidum Papp, 1974; 3 — filiforme Becker, 1896; 4 — laterale (Loew, 1860); ce — церк; ep — Эпандрий; pce — выступаюЩаЯ часть церка; su — сурстиль.