Gimnomera cerea (Coquillett), 1965

Chagnon, Marie-Eve & Sinclair, Bradley J., 2020, Revision of the Nearctic species of Gimnomera Rondani (Diptera: Scathophagidae) with morphological phylogeny and DNA barcodes, Zootaxa 4853 (3), pp. 369-403 : 376-378

Gimnomera cerea (Coquillett)

( Figs 3, 4 , 26 , 32 )

Scatophaga cerea Coquillett, 1908: 146 . Type locality: Orange Mts , New Jersey, USA.

Gimnomera cerea: Vockeroth, 1965: 840 (new combination).

Gimnomera atrifrons Malloch, 1920: 37 ( Vockeroth 1965: 840; new synonym).

Megaphthalma wilcoxi Curran, 1933: 11 ( Vockeroth 1965: 840; new synonym).

Diagnosis. This Nearctic species is characterized by the male terminalia with a triangular-shaped cercus with lateral protrusions and ear-shaped surstylus. The males of G. cerea are similar to G. incisurata , G. terrywheeleri and G. vockerothi based on body colour but are distinguishable by the differences in the male cercus: rectangular-shaped cercus in G. terrywheeleri and G. vockerothi ; triangular without lateral protrusions in G. incisurata . The surstylus is trough-shaped in G. incisurata and G. terrywheeleri and expanded-shaped in G. vockerothi .

Redescription. Male. Body primarily yellow; pleura yellow; scutum yellow; entire body pruinose. Head with face black and gena yellow transitioning to black anteriorly; genal width 1⁄2 eye height; postgena yellow. Frontal vitta black; fronto-orbital plate black blending to yellow towards ocellar triangle; parafacial black (in rare cases male with face yellow, gena completely yellow, frontal vitta yellow, fronto-orbital plate yellow and parafacial yellow, male terminalia characters will designate species). Fronto-orbital plate with 2–3 inclinate frontal setae, 1 proclinate, 2 lateroclinate orbital setae, 1 pair of lateroclinate ocellar setae, 1 pair of divergent postocellar setae subequal in length to ocellar setae, 1 pair of inclinate paravertical setae, 1 long inclinate inner vertical setae, 1 long lateroclinate outer vertical setae. Gena with 2 supravibrissal setae not equal in size to vibrissa; 1 strong vibrissa; 3–7 variably lengthened subvibrissal setae, 1–2 subequal to vibrissa. Antenna with postpedicel black, about three times as long as pedicel; scape and pedicel black or yellow, pedicel with 1 stout seta along antennal seam; arista black and pubescent. Palpus yellow with black setae apically. Thorax with scutal setae black; acrostichal setulae biserial, finer and paler than dorsocentrals; 3–4 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 posterior postpronotal setae; two rows of 11–17 (more than 10) erect, often stout setae on anterior portion of postpronotum and scutum ( Fig. 26 ); 1 presutural intra-alar seta, 2 notopleural setae, 0 postsutural intra-alar setae, 2 postsutural supra-alar setae, 2 postalar setae. Pleura with 1 black proepisternal seta or 2 pale setae; 1–2 yellow proepimeral setae; 2 posterior anepisternal setae and several long anepisternal setulae, 1–2 black, remaining pale; 1 posterodorsal katepisternal seta; anterior half of anepisternum and anepimeron bare, katepisternum with setulae ventrally. Wing (length 3.3–3.8 mm) clear, lightly infuscate; R 1 with singular row of 9–11 setulae on apical 1⁄4 above; CuA+CuP ends just before wing margin. Halter white. Legs entirely yellow. Fore femur with long, white ventral pile; 3 posterodorsal setae on apical 1⁄3. Fore tibia with 1 preapical dorsal seta; 1 posterior seta on apical 1⁄3 and 1 preapical posterior seta; 1 posterodorsal and 1 anterodorsal seta at mid-length. Mid femur with long, white ventral pile; 3 anterodorsal setae on apical 1⁄2; 1 preapical posterodorsal and 1 preapical dorsal seta. Mid tibia with 1 mid posterodorsal, 1 mid anterodorsal, 1 preapical dorsal, 1 preapical anterodorsal and 1 preapical posterior seta; 1 stout, apical ventral seta. Hind femur with long, white ventral pile; 3 anterodorsal setae on apical 1⁄2 and 1 preapical anterior seta. Hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae on basal 1⁄2; 1 mid posterodorsal, 1 preapical dorsal and 1 preapical anterodorsal seta; 1 stout apical ventral seta. Tarsi with short, white ventral pile. Abdominal tergites yellow, with pale setulae over surface. Abdominal sternites also yellow. Sternite 5 with 2 small processes; outer margin with short, black peg-like setae. Terminalia ( Figs 3, 4 ) with epandrium yellow; surstylus yellow; cercus yellow; hypandrium yellow. Surstylus long, extending beyond cercus; trough-shaped with indent facing cercus; terminal end broad and paddle-like with 2 lobes; in lateral view dorsal lobe larger than ventral lobe; in posterior view dorsal lobe folded over ventral lobe to produce trough-shape; outer edge of lobes darkened. Cercus triangular, fused apically; rounded projection laterally on either side of cercus, projections covered with setulae. Pregonite slender at apex and slightly expanded apically with 4 long, thick setae. Postgonite slender and positioned dorsally to pregonite; apical end curved anteriorly.

Female. Similar to male, except head with face yellow; frontal vitta yellow; fronto-orbital plate yellow and parafacial yellow. Abdominal tergites with black stripe posteriorly. Terminalia as in generic diagnosis; membrane between tergites and sternites 7 and 8 with long, dark spines.

Type material examined. Gimnomera cerea : HOLOTYPE ♀, labelled: “ Orange Mts / NJ”; “ May ”; “TypeNo./ 11511/ U.S. N.M. [red label]”; “ Gymnomera / cerea/ Coq ”; “USNMENT 01234683 [data matrix]” ( USNM). PARATYPE: “Roxboro,/ V.13 Pa.”; “Det. by/ Coq’ 11’ t / Coll. by/ Hapbeck”; “AllotypeNo/ 11511/ U.S. N.M. [red label]”; “cerea/ Det. 1965 Coq./ J. R. Vockeroth”; “USNMENT 01295550 [data matrix]” (1♂, USNM) [label data on paratype does not match description in Coquillett (1908)].

Gimnomera atrifrons : HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ INHS / Insect Collection/ 238, 600 [white label]”; “St Anthony Park/ Minn/ Lugger/”; “ TYPE / Gimnomera / atrifrons/ ♂ Malloch [red label]”; “ Gimnomera / atrifrons/ Mall type” ( INHS).

Megaphthalma wilcoxi : PARATYPE ♂, labelled: “ Megaphthalma / PARATYPE / wilcoxi ♂ / Curran./ No.”; “ Aneroid Lk , Ore./ Blue Mts. / 7500 ft. elev./ July 23, 1929 ”; “ H. A. Scullen / Coll.”; “ Megaphthalma / wilcoxi/ Curran” ( WSU) .

Additional material examined. CANADA. Alberta: Calgary [51°06′20.8′′N 114°06′09.2′′W], 11.vii.1962, W. R. Mason (1♂, CNC) ; Jumping Pd. Cr. West of Calgary [51°03′58.1′′N 114°32′57.2′′W], 28.vi.1962, W. R. M. Mason (1♂, CNC) ; Snow Cr. Pass, Banff NP [51°29′39.8′′N 115°56′00.8′′W], 28.vii.1962, K.C. Hermann (1♂, CNC) ; Sunshine Lodge, Banff [51°29′39.8′′N 115°56′00.8′′W], 15.viii.1962, W. R. M. Mason (1♀, CNC) . British Columbia: Manning Pk [49°06′53.7′′N 120°51′20.7′′W], 29.vi.1973, H.J. Teskey (1♂, CNC) ; Stagleap PPk, 49°03.52′N 117°02.44′W, 18.vii.2015, B.J. Sinclair (1♀, CNC) ; University British Columbia, Carey Centre [49°16′34.3′′N 123°13′08.2′′W], 9500 ft, 6.v.1950, A.H. Sturtevant (1♀, USNM) . Ontario: Griffith [45°14′38.5′′N 77°09′58.7′′W], 5.vi.1983, B.E. Cooper (1♀, CNC) ; same data except, 11.vi.1983 (1♀, CNC) ; Lambton Co., Pinery PPk [43°15′15.5′′N 81°49′55.9′′W], 4–6.vi.1995, D. Caloren & J. Skevington (1♀, DEBU) ; Lambton Co., Pinery , pine trail [43°02′13.8′′N 82°11′46.5′′W], 20.v.1999, I. Carmichael (1♀, CNC) ; Petawawa [45°53′49.6′′N 77°17′02.6′′W], 28.v.1959, J. R. Vockeroth (30♀, CNC) ; same data except, 7.vi.1961 (4♀, 1♂, CNC) ; Tobermory, Dunks Bay [45°14′54.1′′N 81°38′55.4′′W], 15.vi.1996, S.A. Marshall (1♀, DEBU) ; Waterloo Reg., Blair, RARE, Resource House , 43°22′53′′N 80°20′28′′W, 25–29.v.2006, D.K.B. Cheung (1♀, DEBU) ; Waterloo Reg., Blair, RARE, The Dells , 43°22′55′′N 80°20′32′′W, 25–29.v.2006, D.K.B. Cheung (1♀, 2♂, DEBU) ; Waterloo Reg., Blair, RARE, The Dells , 43°22′55′′N 80°20′32′′W, 29.v.–9.vi.2006, D.K.B. Cheung (2♂, DEBU) . Québec: Gatineau Pk, Champlain Lookout [45°30′29.2′′N 75°53′51.6′′W], 1100 ft, 1.vi.1990, J. R. Vockeroth (1♀, CNC) ; Gatineau Pk, King Mt , 45°29′N 75°51′W, 24.v.2012, B.J. Sinclair (1♀, barcoded, CNC) ; Gatineau Pk, Old Chelsea [45°32′32.6′′N 75°52′05.8′′W], 2.vi.1970, H.J. Teskey (4♀, CNC) , same data except, 5.v.1987 (1♀, CNC) ; Indian House [56°15′00.4′′N 64°41′56.1′′W], 12.vii.1954, W. R. Richards (1♀, CNC) ; King Mt. [Gatineau Pk], [45°29′22.8′′N 75°51′43.4′′W], 9.vi.1969, P.W. Arntfield (6♀, LEM; 1♂, CNC) ; same data except, 3.vi.1990 (1♀, LEM) ; King Mt., Gatineau Pk , 15.v.1985, T. Saigusa (2♂, KUMF) ; Mt. St. Hilaire [45°33′18.3′′N 73°09′32.1′′W], 4.vi.1963, J.G. Chillcott (2♀, CNC) ; Mt. St. Hilaire [45°33′18.3′′N 73°09′32.1′′W], 500–700 ft, 4.vi.1963, J. R. Vockeroth (14♀, 1♂, CNC; 1♀, DEBG) ; same data except, 3.vi.1964 (2♀, CNC) ; same data except, 950 ft, 12.v.1965 (1♂, CNC) ; Old Chelsea [Gatineau Pk], [45°32′32.6′′N 75°52′05.8′′W], emerged. xii.1958, J. R. Vockeroth (1♀, CNC) ; same data except, 11.vi.1959 (1♀, CNC) ; same data except, emerged xii.1959 (1♂, CNC) ; same data except, 25.v.1960 (58♀, 2♂, CNC) ; same data except, emerged v.1960 (1♂, CNC) ; same data except, 22.vi.1968 (1♂, CNC) ; same data except, 3.vi.1969 (1♀, CNC) ; same data except, 3.vii.1969 (1♂, CNC) ; same data except, 14.v.1987 (4♀, CNC) ; same data except, 16.v.1991 (15♀, 2♂, CNC; 1♀, barcoded, CNC) ; same data except, 3.vi.1996 (1♀, DEBU) ; Old Chelsea [Gatineau Pk], [45°32′32.6′′N 75°52′05.8′′W], 24.v.1989, B. Landry (1♀, CNC) ; Old Chelsea [Gatineau Pk], [45°32′32.6′′N 75°52′05.8′′W], 3.vi.1996, P.W. Arntfield (7♀, LEM) ; Summit King Mt., Old Chelsea [45°29′22.8′′N 75°51′43.4′′W], 1150 ft, 3.vi.1969, J. R. Vockeroth (3♀, 1♂, CNC) ; same data except, 14.v.1990 (1♀, 1♂, CNC) ; Summit King Mt., Old Chelsea [45°29′22.8′′N 75°51′43.4′′W], 26.v.1970, D.M. Wood (8♀, CNC) . USA. Alaska: Starrigavan, Sitka [57°07′59.0′′N 135°21′56.2′′W], emerged 2.vi.1970, G.C.D. Griffiths (11♀, 1♂, CNC) . Colorado: Echo Lake, Mt. Evans [39°39′37.4′′N 105°35′52.4′′W], 13.vii.1961, W. R. M. Mason (1♀, CNC) ; Nederland [39°57′41.1′′N 105°30′38.6′′W], 28.vii.1961, J. R. Stainer (1♀, CNC) ; Niwot Ridge, Ward [40°03′34.2′′N 105°35′47.8′′W], 4.vii.1961, W. R. Mason (1♀, CNC) ; Summit Lake, Mt. Evans [39°35′54.8′′N 105°38′25.0′′W], 10.vii.1961, W. R. M. Mason (1♀, CNC) . Idaho: Latah Co., Moscow Mt , 46°48.162′N 116°49.552′W, 16.vi.2014, B.J. Sinclair (1♀, CNC) ; same data (2♀, barcoded, CNC) . Massachusetts: Hampshire Co., Belchertown, Scarborough Brook Cons. Area [42°21′01.2″N 72°26′04.31″W], 7.vi.2018, em 23–31.iii, 19.iv.2019, C.S. Eiseman ; ex. Pedicularis canadensis (2 ♀, 4 ♂, CNC) . Michigan: Emmet Co. [45°31′33.6′′N 84°54′23.3′′W], 27.v.1960, R. & K. Dreisbach (1♀, CNC) . New Jersey: Orange Mts [40°44′N 74°17′W], May, Weidt (1♂, CNC) . New York: Garrison [41°22′46.9′′N 73°56′26.1′′W], 6.v.1923, A.H. Sturtevant (1♀, USNM) ; 6 Mile Creek, Ithaca [42°26′37.9′′N 76°30′07.6′′W], 5.v.1951, J.C. Martin (1♀, CNC) . Oregon: Clackamas Co., Mt. Hood NF, Still Ck Rd , 45°17.879′N 121°53.276′W, 8.vii.2013, B.J. Sinclair (1♀, barcoded, CNC) . Utah: Laketown [41°49′31.8′′N 111°19′21.2′′W], 14.vi.1946, F.C. Harmston (1♀, CNC) . Virginia: Mountain Lake , Giles Co. [37°21′21.8′′N 80°32′12.9′′W], 19.v.1965, J.G. Chillcott (5♀, CNC) . Washington: Mt. Spokane , 47°54.339′N 117°06.599′W, 12.vii.2012, B.J. Sinclair (1♂, CNC) . Wyoming: Teton Pass [43°29′53.8′′N 110°57′19.2′′W], 16.vii.1961, J.G. Chillcott (1♀, CNC) .

Distribution. The western population of this species is found along the western Cordillera, from Alaska extending as far south as Colorado. The eastern population occurs primarily in southern Québec, Ontario and south into the USA as far as Virginia ( Fig. 32 ).

Remarks. This species was reared from Pedicularis canadensis L. in Massachusetts and Québec, in addition to Virginia ( Neff 1968).

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Gimnomera male terminalia, posterior and lateral views. 1–2. G. aquilonia sp. nov.; 3–4. G. cerea (Coquillett). Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; pregt—pregonite; sur—surstylus.

FIGURES 26–30. Morphological features of Gimnomera. 26–27. View of anterior margin of postpronotum with dark spine-like setae or with light coloured setulae: 26. G. cerea (Coquillett); 27. G. terrywheeleri sp. nov.; 28. G. tibialis (Malloch), vein R1 with row of setulae; 29–30. Male sternite 5: 29. G. subvittata (Malloch); 30. G. vockerothi sp. nov..

FIGURES 31–32. Known distribution of Gimnomera. 31. G. aquilonia sp. nov.; 32. G. cerea (Coquillett).