Andraca yauichui, Wu, Shipher & Chang, Wei-Chun, 2016

Wu, Shipher & Chang, Wei-Chun, 2016, Andraca yauichui sp. n., a new species endemic to mid elevation forests of Taiwan (Bombycidae sensu lato, Lepidoptera), Zootaxa 4200 (4), pp. 515-522 : 518-521

Andraca yauichui sp. nov.

( Figs 7–9 , 15 , 20, 21 , 25, 26, 32, 33 )

Andraca theae: Chang, 1989: 224 , figs (part); Wang, 1995; 19, figs (part), Fu & Tzuoo, 2004: 74, pl. 42: 11, 14; Wu et al., 2013: 244, pl. 19: 14, 15; Wang et al., 2015: 65 (part), nec Matsumura, 1909.

Type material. Holotype, male, TAIWAN, Nantou Co., Meifeng , 2100 m, 14–II–2012, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang, TFRI 139289 , deposited in TFRI ; paratypes: TAIWAN, 1 male, same collecting data as the holotype, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang ( TFRI) ; 1 male, same collecting data, slide TFRI139291; 1 male, same collecting locality, 6–II–2013, leg. S. Wu (TFRI); 1 female, same collecting data, leg. S. Wu, slide TFRI128878 (TFRI); 1 male, same collecting locality, 6–IX–1988, leg. Y. B. Fan (TFRI); 1 male, same collecting locality, 4–III–2006, leg. M. Owada (NSMT); 2 males, Miaoli Co., Guanwu , 2000 m, 29–IV–2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang ( TFRI) ; 6 males, same collecting locality, 28–VII–2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang (TFRI); 3 males, Taichung, Wuling , 1900 m, 16–III–2012, leg. M. Owada, S. Wu & W. Chang ( NSMT) ; 4 males, Nantou Co., Biluxi , 2000 m, 30–VI–1986, leg. Y. Q. Shen ( TFRI) ; 3 males, same collecting locality, 28–V–1987, leg. Y. Q. Shen (TFRI); 14 males, same collecting locality, 28–VI–1987, leg. Y. Q. Shen (TFRI); 1 male, same collecting locality, 18–VII–1987, leg. Y. Q. Shen (TFRI); 1 female, same collecting locality, 12–VIII–1987, leg. Y. Q. Shen, abdomen missing (TFRI); 1 male, same collecting locality, 28–III–1 988, leg. Y. B. Fan (TFRI); 4 males, same collecting locality, 2–IV–1988, leg. Y. B. Fan (TFRI); 1 male, same collecting locality, 11–V–1988, leg. Y. B. Fan (TFRI); 3 males, same collecting locality, 20–V–1988, leg. Y. B. Fan (TFRI); 9 males, same collecting locality, 10–VI–1988, leg. Y. B. Fan (TFRI); 1 male, same collecting locality, 13–VII–1988, leg. Y. B. Fan (TFRI); 3 males, same collecting locality, 5–IX–1988, leg. Y. B. Fan (TFRI); 1 male, same collecting locality, 15–IV–1989, leg. Y. B. Fan (TFRI); 1 male, same collecting locality, 13–VI–1990, leg. Y. B. Fan (TFRI); 2 males, same collecting locality, 1–VII–2015, leg. S. S. Lu (TFRI); 1 male, Nantou Co., Piluhsi [= Biluxi ], 2000 m, 13–VII–1988, leg. Y. B. Fan ( TFRI) ; 2 males, Nantou Co., Shihshan , 2400 m, 13–V–2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang ( TFRI) ; 1 male, same collecting data, slide TFRI169346 (TFRI); 1 female, same collecting locality, 7–VII–2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang, slide TFRI156677 (TFRI); 1 male, Nantou Co., Tatajia , 2610 m, 12–V–2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang ( TFRI) ; 2 males, Nantou Co., Wang Hsiang , 2300 m, 9–VIII–2014, leg. T. Y. Hsieh ( TFRI) ; 1 male, Nantou Co., Sun Link Sea , 1721 m, 3–XI–2013, leg. J. J. Chen ( TFRI) ; 1 male, Nantou, Tsuifeng , 2100 m, 19–II–2009, leg. M. Owada ( NSMT) ; 1 male, [Chiayi Co.,], Arisan [= Alishan ], 29–IV–1931, leg. K. Fukuda ( NTUIM) ; 1 male, Chiayi Co., Alishan , 24–III–1 993, leg. Y. B. Fan ( TFRI) ; 1 male, Chiayi Co., same collecting locality, 2200 m, 7–VII–2011, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang, slide TFRI 156425 ( TFRI) ; 1 male, Kaohsiung, Kuaigu , 2487 m, 8–III –2 0 16, leg. M. Owada & C. M. Fu ( NSMT) ; 3 males, Kaohsiung, Tianchi , 4–V–1987, leg. Y. Q. Shen ( TFRI) ; 1 female, Kaohsiung, Tianchi , 2082 m, 12–V– 2015, leg. H. H. Lin & Y. H. Lin ( ESRI) ; 2 males, same collecting locality, 2360m, 18–III–2 0 14, leg. M. Owada & C. M. Fu (NSMT); 3 males, same locality, 2280 m, 11–13–I–2016, leg. M. Owada & C. M. Fu ( NSMT) ; 3 males, same locality, 8–10–III–2016, leg. M. Owada & C. M. Fu ( NSMT) ; 2 males, same locality, 10–IX–2015, leg. M. Owada & C. M. Fu ( NSMT) ; 1 male, same locality, 2170 m, 17, 19–III–2015, leg. M. Owada & C. M. Fu ( NSMT) ; 1 male, same locality, 11–IX–2015, leg. M. Owada & C. M. Fu ( NSMT) ; 1 male, Kaohsiung, Zhongzhiguan , 1930 m, 11–13–II–2015, leg. M. Owada & C. M. Fu ( NSMT) ; 2 males, same locality, 1880 m, 21–I–2015, leg. M. Owada & C. M. Fu ( NSMT) ; 1 male, Ilan Co., Taipingshan , [ca. 1800 m], 26–VII–1990, leg. Y. B. Fan ( TFRI) ; 1 male, Hualien Co., Guanyuan , 2360 m, 18–VII–2012, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang, slide TFRI 148556 ( TFRI) ; 1 male, same collecting locality, 13–VIII–2012, leg. S. Wu & W. C. Chang (TFRI); 1 male, same collecting locality, 7–II–2013, leg. S. Wu (TFRI); 1 male, same collecting locality, 16–IV–2013, leg. S. Wu, slide TFRI162793 (TFRI); 1 male, Hualien, Kuanyuang [= Guanyuan ], 2400 m, 25–VI–1989, leg. M. Owada ( NSMT) ; 1 male, same collecting locality, 2370m, 3–V–2013, leg. M. Owada & S. Wu (NSMT); 1 male, Taitung, Xiangyang , 2230 m, 18– III–2015, leg. M. Owada & C. M. Fu ( NSMT) .

Diagnosis. The new species is externally more similar to Andra trilochoides Walker, 1865 ( Figs 10, 11 ) rather than A. theae ( Figs 1–6 ). These three species can be distinguished by: the larger size in A. yauichui and A. trilochoides (forewing length 21–25 mm in males, 26–28 in females) than that in A. theae (forewing length 15–18 mm in males, 18–26 in females); the white vertex in males of A. yauichui and A. trilochoides rather than the monotonous brown head in male of A. theae ; the submarginal line tinged with sliver in A. yauichui and A. trilochoides but not in A. theae ; the paler, ochreous region between hindwing costal margin to 1/3 part from costal margin in A. yauichui and A. trilochoides rather than hindwing nearly monotonous brown in A. theae , especially in males; the incurved forewing submarginal line medially in females of A. yauichui rather than smoothly curved at the same part in females of A. theae ; the strongly sclerotized uncus with hooked apex in A. yauichui and A. theae rather than strongly flattened uncus with obtuse apex in A. trilochoides trilochoides ( Fig. 16 ) and A. trilochoides roepkei Bryk, 1944 ( Fig. 17 ); the truncate or blunt valval apex in A. yauichui and A. trilochoides rather than prominent bifurcate apex in A. theae ; the lateral margins of antrum more expanded in A. yauichui than that in A. theae ; a pair of prominent white spot locating at the lateral part of each abdominal segment in final instar larvae in A. yauichui rather than without white spot in A. theae ; the presence of a distinct short anal horn in A. yauichui rather than absent in A. theae .

Description. Forewing length 21–24 mm in males (n= 104); 26–28 in females (n= 3). Female usually paler than male.

Head. Chestnut brown with vertex white, male antenna bipectinate from basal part to 4/5 part from base, then filiform, female antenna filiform, proboscis short.

Thorax. Thoracic segments and wings chestnut brown; forewing broad, apex falcate, especially in female, transversal lines darker than background coloration, antemedial line wave-like, postmedial line excurved at 1/4 part from costal margin; submarginal lines in male tinged with sliver white, strongly folded outwards at M2 vein then smoothly incurved towards anal margin, submarginal line in female arising from apex, folded inwards nearly medial part then gradually undistinguished, discal spot small, dark brown, outerside of submarginal line tinged with pale ochreous near apex in male and near medial part in male and female; hindwing broad, outer margin smoothly angled at M 3 in male, discal spot brown, costal half part ochreous, remain part same color as forewing, transversal lines more distinct in anal half part, postmedial line slightly excurved, submarginal line wave-like.

Abdomen. Chestnut brown mixed with sliver white.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 17 ). Uncus stout, gradually narrowed, strongly sclerotized with apex hooked; a pair of gnathos long, curved; valva broad medially, with a small protuberance near apex, apex truncate; saccus broad and short; aedeagus strongly upcurved medially; vesica with numerous small cornuti spinules.

Female genitalia ( Figs 20, 21 ). apophyses posteriores longer than apophyses anteriores, slender with rounded tips; antrum sclerotized, plate-like with posterior part slightly incised and lateral sides expanded; ductus bursae sclerotized and nearly straight; corpus bursae membranous without signum.

Final instar ( Figs 32, 33 ). Body length about 45 mm. White short hair situating whole body. Head black, thoracic and abdominal segments black mixed with delicate ochreous spots, two pairs of white streaks arising at dorsolateral sides, one ochreous white streak arising at lateral side, combination of transversal white spot and round reddish-brown spot locating at lateral side from A1 to A8, white streak arising transversally at lateral side of A3- A6 prolegs, anal horn short, conical with blunt apex.

Distribution and bionomics. Endemic to Taiwan. Distributed in mid mountain ranges between 1721 to 2610 m, the adults occasionally occur from January to November. According to the breeding record by Mei-Yu Chen in mid-elevation of Central Mountain Range, Meifeng (ca. 2100 m), four final instar larvae were found on Eurya strigillosa (Theaceae) on 17th December, 2003, the emerging date of the first adult is 21th March, 2004.

Etymology. The new species is dedicated to the late Dr. Yau-I Chu, who passed in March, 2015. He published amounts of scientific papers, general books for insect knowledge in his life, so continue to profoundly affect the development of entomology in Taiwan.

Figures

FIGURE 1 – 11. Dorsal views of Andraca spp. 1 a. Andraca theae (Matsumura, 1909), male, lectotype; 1 b. ditto, lectotype label; 2. ditto, male, Xionkong, Taipei, Taiwan; 3. ditto, female, Zhongyungshan, Taipei, Taiwan; 4. ditto, male, Lalashan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 5. ditto, male, Nanling, Guangdong, China; 6. ditto, female, Nanling, Guangdong, China; 7. A. yauichui sp. nov., male, holotype, Meifeng, Nantou, Taiwan; 8. ditto, male, paratype, Meifeng; 9. ditto, female, paratype, Shihshan, Nantou, Taiwan; 10. A. trilochoides trilochoides Moore, 1865, male, Tigerhill, Darjeeling, India; 11. A. trilochoides roepkei Bryk, 1944, male, Sa Pa, Lao Cai, N. Vietnam. Specimens courtesy of: HUM (1); TFRI (2, 3, 7 – 9); NSMT (4 – 6, 10, 11). Bar scale = 10 mm. Photo by Yu-Chen Chang (1); Shipher Wu (2 – 11).

FIGURE 12 – 17. Male genitalia of Andraca spp. 12. A. theae (Matsumura, 1909), Fushiping, Taipei, Taiwan, slide TFRI 120048; 13. ditto, Lalashan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, slide NSMT – SW 1044; 14. ditto, Nanling, Guangdong, China, slide NSMT – SW 1047; 15. A. yauichui sp. nov., paratype, Shihshan, Nantou, Taiwan, slide TFRI 69346; 16. A. trilochoides trilochoides Moore, 1865, Tigerhill, Darjeeling, India, slide NSMT – SW 1051; 17. A. trilochoides roepkei Bryk, 1944, male, Sa Pa, Lao Cai, N. Vietnam, slide NSMT – SW 1050. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (12, 15); NSMT (13, 14, 16, 17). Bar scale = 1 mm. Photo by Shipher Wu.

FIGURE 18 – 21. Female genitalia of Andraca spp. 18. A. theae (Matsumura, 1909), Taipei Botanical Garden, Taipei, Taiwan, slide TFRI 59634; 19. ditto, Nanling, Guangdong, China, slide NSMT – SW 1049; 20. A. yauichui sp. nov., paratype, Shihshan, Nantou, Taiwan, slide TFRI 128878; 21. ditto, paratype, Meifeng, Nantou, Taiwan, slide TFRI 156677. Specimens courtesy of: TFRI (18, 20, 21), NSMT (19). Bar scale = 1 mm. Photo by Shipher Wu.

FIGURE 22 – 33. Life images of Andraca spp. in Taiwan. 22. A. theae (Matsumura, 1909), male, Xiongkong, Taipei; 23. ditto, female, Tianxiyuan, Taipei; 24. ditto, mating pair, Dongyenshan, Taoyuan; 25. A. yauichui sp. nov., male, Guanwu, Miaoli; 26. ditto, female, Shihshan, Nantou; 27. A. theae, 2 nd instar on Gordonia axillaris, Daluntoushan, Taipei; 28. ditto, 4 th instar on Symplocos chinensis, Fushiping, Taipei; 29. ditto, 4 th instar on Eurya loquaiana, Zhongyuanshan, Taipei; 30. ditto, final instar on E. loquaiana, Zhongyuanshan; 31. ditto, armed condition, Zhongyuanshan; 32, 33. A. yauichui, final instar on E. strigillosa, Meifeng, Nantou; 33. ditto, anal horn pointed by yellow arrow. Photo by Shipher Wu (22, 25 – 31); Hwei-shan Lai (23), Hsueh Lee (24); Mei-Yu Chen (32, 33).