Trichacis

Arias-Penna, Tania Milena, Masner, Lubomir & Delsinne, Thibaut, 2012, Revision of the Neotropical species of Trichacis Foerster (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Platygastridae), with description of 24 new species, Zootaxa 3337, pp. 1-56 : 4-5

Key to Neotropical Species of Trichacis

1 Vertex and occiput smooth.............................................................................. 2

- Vertex and/or occiput at least partially coriaceous or coriaceous with striae........................................ 4

2 (1) Hyperoccipital carina absent ( Fig. 21 A), Costa Rica.................................... Trichacis acarinata n. sp. Ƥ

- Hyperoccipital carina present............................................................................ 3

3 (2) OOL longer than LOL, T1 shorter than wide, Costa Rica............................... Trichacis proximata n. sp. Ƥ

- OOL slightly shorter than LOL, T1 as wide as long, Brazil.......................... Trichacis meridionalis (Brues) Ƥ

4 (1) Hyperoccipital carina absent ( Figs 17 C, 17D); Brazil................................... Trichacis punctata n. sp. Ƥ

- Hyperoccipital carina present ( Figs 21 B – 21E)............................................................... 5

5 (4) Hyperoccipital carina incomplete or discontinuous, but not reaching eye margin ( Figs 21 C – 21E)...................... 6

- Hyperoccipital carina complete, reaching eye margin ( Fig. 21 B).............................................. 22

6 (5) In dorsal view, hyperoccipital carina fading before or until reaching level of imaginary line connecting eye inner margin to posterior cephalic margin ( Fig. 21 C)...................................................................... 7

- In dorsal view, hyperoccipital carina surpassing level of imaginary line connecting eye inner margin to posterior cephalic margin ( Figs 21 D, 21E)................................................................................ 11

7 (6) Temple projection present ( Figs 2 B, 3A, 3B)............................................................... 8

- Temple projection absent............................................................................... 9

8 (7) Area of lateral vertex between posterior ocellus and hyperoccipital carina coriaceous ( Fig. 2 B); and between hyperoccipital carina and occipital carina coriaceous with longitudinal striae ( Fig. 1 H); Bolivia.......... Trichacis acuminata n. sp. Ƥ3

- Lateral vertex coriaceous, without striae; Colombia........................................ Trichacis acuta n. sp. Ƥ

9 (7) Inter-notaular area entirely coriaceous ( Fig. 17 G); Mexico............................. Trichacis sculpturata n. sp. Ƥ

- Inter-notaular area with only anterior 1/3 coriaceous, other 2/3 smooth.......................................... 10

10 (9) Combined length of T3–T6 less than length of T2 ( Figs 12 A, 12E); specialized area of mesoscutellum with cone-like elevation ( Fig. 12 B); metasoma not depressed dorsoventrally; Mexico........................... Trichacis magnifica n. sp. Ƥ3

- Combined length of T3–T6 greater than length of T2 ( Fig. 7 F); specialized area of mesoscutellum heart-shaped, moderately elevated; metasoma depressed dorsoventrally ( Fig. 8 A); Costa Rica......................... Trichacis depressa n. sp. Ƥ

11 (6) Mesopleural carina complete ( Fig. 9 A); vertex laterally coriaceous, and with well-marked longitudinal striae between hyperoccipital carina and occipital carina ( Fig. 8 D); Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela............ Trichacis dianae n. sp. Ƥ3

- Mesopleural carina incomplete ( Fig. 18 E)................................................................. 12

12 (11) Hyperoccipital carina curving up and merging with stria running along the eye inner margin ( Fig. 21 E)................ 13

- Hyperoccipital carina not curving up and not merging with other stria ( Fig. 21 D).................................. 15

13 (12) Anteromedial area of T2 (i.e. area situated between anterior pits) slightly concave and with longitudinal striae ( Fig. 9 F); Ecuador...................................................................... Trichacis fernandezi n. sp. Ƥ

- T2 anteromedially (between pits) flattened and smooth....................................................... 14

14 (13) Lateral region of vertex between posterior ocellus and hyperoccipital carina weakly coriaceous, and with cluster of 4-6 well- marked longitudinal curved striae, which seem to emerge from hyperoccipital carina; lateral vertex area between hyperoccipital carina and occipital carina coriaceous ( Fig. 15 A); Ecuador...................... Trichacis pecki n. sp. Ƥ

- Lateral region of vertex between posterior ocellus and hyperoccipital carina markedly coriaceous, with 9-12 well-separated and irregularly curved longitudinal striae, and 2-3 curved transverse striae running between outer margin of posterior ocellus and inner margin of eye; lateral vertex area between hyperoccipital carina and occipital carina coriaceous, and with well- marked longitudinal striae ( Fig. 7 C); Costa Rica....................................... Trichacis delsinnei n. sp. Ƥ

15 (12) Posteromedial region of inter-notaular area broadly concave ( Figs 5 E, 5G); Costa Rica....... Trichacis concavata n. sp. Ƥ

- Posteromedial region of inter-notaular area convex or blunt................................................... 16

16 (14) Inter-notaular area entirely coriaceous ( Figs 6 A, 6D); El Salvador; Mexico................. Trichacis corrugata n. sp. Ƥ

- Inter-notaular area anterior 1/3 coriaceous, otherwise smooth................................................. 17

17 (16) T1 shorter than wide ( Figs 13 F, 14B).................................................................... 18

- T1 at least as long as wide.............................................................................. 19

18 (17) Faint, transverse, slightly curved striae present throughout the anterior region of vertex; distance between posterior ocellus and hyperoccipital carina longer than posterior ocellus diameter ( Fig. 14 D); Panama........... Trichacis panamana n. sp. Ƥ3

- Presence of faint, transverse, slightly curved striae restricted to interocellar area; distance between posterior ocellus and hyperoccipital carina shorter than posterior ocellus diameter ( Fig. 13 C); Mexico........... Trichacis mexicana n. sp. Ƥ3

19 (17) Length and width of T1 equal ( Fig. 5 A); all lateral vertex region coriaceous...................................... 20

- T1 longer than wide ( Fig.18 C); lateral region of vertex betweeen posterior ocellus and hyperoccipital carina coriaceous, and between hyperoccipital carina and occipital carina with well-marked longitudinal striae ( Fig. 18 E); Costa Rica........................................................................................ Trichacis transversata n. sp. Ƥ

20 (19) Notaulus present ( Fig. 9 H)............................................................................. 21

- Notaulus absent ( Fig. 5 A); Colombia............................................ Trichacis colombiana n. sp. Ƥ

21 (20) Vertex laterovertically striate-coriaceous; Honduras........................................ T. laticornis Buhl 2001

- Vertex laterally coriaceous, without striae; Brazil, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama........... Trichacis hansoni n. sp. Ƥ 3

22 (5) Mesopleural carina complete ( Fig. 15 F); Mexico........................................ Trichacis procera n. sp. Ƥ

- Mesopleural carina incomplete ( Fig. 20 E)................................................................ 23

23 (22) Notaulus absent ( Fig. 11 A); Mexico.............................................. Trichacis kaulbarsi n. sp. Ƥ3

- Notaulus present..................................................................................... 24

24 (23) Clypeus fused with interantennal process, forming rounded yellow-brown projected sheet ( Fig. 4 B); Costa Rica........................................................................................ Trichacis clypeata n. sp. Ƥ3

- Clypeus and interantennal process well-separated, not forming projecting lamella................................. 25

25 (24) Combined length of T3–T6 less than length of T2......................................................... 26

- Combined length of T3–T6 greater than length of T2; Brazil......................... Trichacis ariaspennae Buhl 2011

26 (25) Distance between posterior ocellus and hyperoccipital carina less than diameter of posterior ocellus ( Fig. 20 C); specialized area of mesoscutellum triangular and moderately elevated ( Figs 18 H; 20E); Mexico....... Trichacis triangulata n. sp. Ƥ3

- Distance between posterior ocellus and hyperoccipital carina greater than diameter of posterior ocellus; specialized area of mesoscutellum circular and elevated ( Fig. 6 F); Costa Rica............................. Trichacis costaricana n. sp. Ƥ

Figures

FIGURE 1. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A – F: Trichacis acarinata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). A, head, frontal view; B, habitus, dorsal view; C, habitus, lateral view; D, head and prothorax, anterolateral view; E head and mesosoma, lateral view; F, head, mesosoma and T 1, dorsal view. G, H: Trichacis acuminata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). G, head and mesosoma, anterior view; H, habitus, dorsal view.

FIGURE 2. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A – C: Trichacis acuminata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. A, Ƥ, habitus, lateral view (holotype); B, Ƥ, head and anterior mesosoma, dorsal view (holotype); C, 3, head and mesosoma, anteroventral view (allotype). D – F: Trichacis acuta Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). D, head, anterior view; E, habitus, dorsal view; F, habitus, lateral view.

FIGURE 4. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A – E: Trichacis clypeata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. A, Ƥ, habitus, lateral view (holotype); B, Ƥ, head and anterior mesosoma, lateral view (holotype); C, Ƥ, head and anterior mesosoma, dorsal view (holotype); D, 3, head, anterior view (allotype); E, 3, posterior mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view (allotype). F: Trichacis colombiana Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype), head and ventral mesosoma, anterior view.

FIGURE 5. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A – C: Trichacis colombiana Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, lateral view; C, head and anterior mesosoma, anterodorsal view. D – G: Trichacis concavata Arias- Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). D, head and ventral mesosoma, anterior view; E, habitus, dorsal view; F, habitus, lateral view; G, head and mesosoma, dorsal view. H: Trichacis corrugata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype), head, anterior view.

FIGURE 6. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A – D: Trichacis corrugata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. Ƥ (holotype). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, lateral view; C, head and anterior mesosoma, dorsal view; D, head and mesosoma, dorsolateral view. E – G: Trichacis costaricana Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). E, head and anteroventral mesosoma, anterior view; F, habitus, dorsal view; G, habitus, lateral view. H: Trichacis delsinnei Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype), head, anterior view.

FIGURE 7. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A – D: Trichacis delsinnei Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, lateral view; C, head, dorsal view; D, head and mesosoma, dorsal view. E, F: Trichacis depressa Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). E, head and fore legs, anterior view; F, habitus, dorsal view.

FIGURE 8. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A, B: Trichacis depressa Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). A, habitus, lateral view; B, head and anterior mesosoma, dorsal view. C – F: Trichacis dianae Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). C, head, anterior view; D, habitus, dorsal view; E, habitus, lateral view; F, head, dorsal view.

FIGURE 9. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A: Trichacis dianae Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., 3 (Allotype), head, mesosoma and anterior metasoma, lateral view. B – F: Trichacis fernandezi Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). B, head and ventral mesosoma, anterior view; C, habitus, dorsal view; D, habitus, lateral view; E, head, dorsal view; F, head, mesosoma and anterior metasoma, dorsal view. G, H: Trichacis hansoni Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). G, head, anterior view; H, habitus, dorsal view.

FIGURE 11. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A – G: Trichacis kaulbarsi Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. A, 3, habitus, dorsal view (allotype); B, 3, habitus, lateral view (allotype); C, 3, head and anterior mesosoma, dorsal view (allotype); D, 3, posterior mesosoma, and metasoma, dorsal view (allotype); E, Ƥ, head and anterior mesosoma, anterolateral view (holotype); F, Ƥ, head and anterior mesosoma, dorsal view (holotype); G, Ƥ, metasoma, dorsal view (holotype). H: Trichacis magnifica Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ, head and ventral mesosoma, anterior view (holotype).

FIGURE 12. Bright field images of Trichacis magnifica Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. A, Ƥ, habitus, dorsal view (holotype); B, Ƥ, habitus, lateral view (holotype); C, Ƥ, head and anterior mesosoma, anterodorsal view (holotype); D, 3, head and dorsal mesosoma, anterior view (allotype); E, 3, metasoma, dorsal view (allotype).

FIGURE 13. Bright field images of Trichacis mexicana Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. A, Ƥ, head, anterior view (holotype); B, Ƥ, habitus, dorsal view (holotype); C, Ƥ, head and anterior mesosoma, dorsal view (holotype); D, Ƥ, habitus, lateral view (holotype); E, 3, head and ventral mesosoma, anterolateral view (allotype); F, 3, posterior mesosoma, and metasoma, dorsal view (allotype).

FIGURE 14. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A – E: Trichacis panamana Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., A, Ƥ, head and ventral mesosoma, anterior view (holotype); B, Ƥ, habitus, dorsal view (holotype); C, Ƥ, habitus, lateral view. D, Ƥ, head, dorsal view (holotype). E, 3, head and ventral mesosoma, anterior view (allotype). F – H, Trichacis pecki Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). F, head, anterior view; G, habitus, dorsal view; H, habitus, lateral view.

FIGURE 15. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A, B: Trichacis pecki Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). A, head and anterior mesosoma, dorsal view; B, head and mesosoma, dorsolateral view; C – F: Trichacis procera Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). C, head, anterior view; D, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; E, metasoma, dorsolateral view; F, head and mesosoma, lateral view.

FIGURE 17. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A – E: Trichacis punctata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, lateral view; C, head, posterodorsal view; D, head, dorsal view; E, posterior head, mesosoma and anterior metasoma, dorsal view. F – H: Trichacis sculpturata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). F, head and ventral mesosoma, anterior view; G, habitus, dorsal view; H, habitus lateral view.

FIGURE 18. Bright field images of Trichacis species. A: Trichacis sculpturata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ, head, dorsal view (holotype). B – E: Trichacis transversata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., Ƥ (holotype). B, head, anterior view; C, habitus, dorsal view; D, habitus, lateral view; E, head and mesosoma, dorsolateral view. F – H: Trichacis triangulata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp., 3 (allotype). F, head and ventral mesosoma, anterior view; G, habitus, dorsal view; H, head and mesosoma, dorsal view.

FIGURE 20. Trichacis triangulata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. A – C: 3 (allotype). A, head and anterior mesosoma, lateral view; B, metasoma, dorsal view; C, head, dorsal view. D – F: Ƥ (holotype). D, head and ventral mesosoma, anterior view; E, head and mesosoma, dorsolateral view; F, metasoma, dorsal view.

FIGURE 21. Variation observed in extent and shape of the hyperoccipital carina. A – E. A, hyperoccipital carina absent (Trichacis acarinata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. Ƥ holotype). B, complete, reaching the eye margin (Trichacis proximata Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. Ƥ holotype). C, incomplete, fading before reaching level of imaginary line (= the white line on the figure) connecting eye inner margin to posterior cephalic margin (Trichacis acuta Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. Ƥ holotype). D, incomplete but surpassing level of imaginary line (Trichacis panamana Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. Ƥ holotype). E, incomplete, surpassing level of imaginary line, curving up and merging with stria running along the eye inner margin (Trichacis fernandezi Arias-Penna & Masner, n. sp. Ƥ holotype). White arrows indicate the extremities of the hyperoccipital carina when present.